AMD Eyefinity

AMD Eyefinity
Design firm	Advanced Micro Devices
Introduced	September 2009
Type	multi-monitor or video walls
Ports	DisplayPort,; HDMI, DVI, VGA, DMS-59, VHDCI

AMD Eyefinity is a brand name for AMD video card products that support multi-monitor setups by integrating multiple (up to six) display controllers on one GPU.[1] AMD Eyefinity was introduced with the Radeon HD 5000 Series "Evergreen" in September 2009 and has been available on APUs and professional-grade graphics cards branded AMD FirePro as well.[2]

Playing a racing video game on Single Large Surface (SLS) with a 5x1 portrait display group configuration at ExtravaLANza 2012 in Toronto.

AMD Eyefinity supports a maximum of 2 non-DisplayPort displays (e.g., HDMI, DVI, VGA, DMS-59, VHDCI) (which AMD calls "legacy output") and up to 6 DisplayPort displays simultaneously using a single graphics card or APU. To feed more than two displays, the additional panels must have native DisplayPort support.[3] Alternatively active DisplayPort-to-DVI/HDMI/VGA adapters can be employed.[4]

The setup of large video walls by connecting multiple computers over Gigabit Ethernet or Ethernet is also supported.[5]

The version of AMD Eyefinity (aka DCE, display controller engine) introduced with Excavator-based Carrizo APUs features a Video underlay pipe.[6]

Overview

AMD Eyefinity is implemented by multiple on-die display controllers. The HD 5000-series designs host two internal clocks and one external clock. Displays connected over VGA, DVI, or HDMI each require their own internal clock. But all displays connected over DisplayPort can be driven from only one external clock. This external clock is what allows Eyefinity to fuel up to six monitors from a single card.

The entire HD 5000 series of products have Eyefinity capabilities supporting three outputs. The Radeon HD 5870 Eyefinity Edition, however, supports six mini DisplayPort outputs, all of which can be simultaneously active.[7]

The display controller has two RAMDACs that drive the VGA or DVI ports in analog mode. For example, when a DVI-to-VGA converter is attached to a DVI port). It also has a maximum of six digital transmitters that can output either a DisplayPort signal or a TMDS signal for either DVI or HDMI, and two clock signal generators to drive the digital outputs in TMDS mode. Dual-link DVI displays use two of the TMDS/DisplayPort transmitters and one clock signal each. Single-link DVI displays and HDMI displays use one TMDS/DisplayPort transmitter and one clock signal each. DisplayPort displays use one TMDS/DisplayPort transmitter and no clock signal.

An active DisplayPort adapter can convert a DisplayPort signal to another type of signal—like VGA, single-link DVI, or dual-link DVI; or HDMI if more than two non-DisplayPort displays must be connected to a Radeon HD 5000 series graphics card.[7]

DisplayPort 1.2 added the possibility to drive multiple displays on single DisplayPort connector, called Multi-Stream Transport (MST). AMD graphics solutions equipped with DisplayPort 1.2 outputs can run multiple monitors from a single port.

At High-Performance Graphics 2010 Mark Fowler presented the Evergreen and stated that e.g. 5870 (Cypress), 5770 (Juniper) and 5670 (Redwood) support max resolution of the 6 times 2560×1600 pixels, while the 5470 (Cedar) supports 4 times 2560×1600 pixels.[8]

Availability

Feature overview for AMD graphics cards

All AMD GPUs starting with the Evergreen series support a maximum of 2 non-DisplayPort displays and a maximum of 6 DisplayPort displays per graphics card.[4]

The following table shows features of AMD/ATI's GPUs (see also: List of AMD graphics processing units).

Name of GPU series Wonder Mach 3D Rage Rage Pro Rage 128 R100 R200 R300 R400 R500 R600 RV670 R700 Evergreen Northern
Islands Southern
Islands Sea
Islands Volcanic
Islands Arctic
Islands/Polaris Vega Navi 1x Navi 2x Navi 3x

Released 1986 1991 Apr
1996 Mar
1997 Aug
1998 Apr
2000 Aug
2001 Sep
2002 May
2004 Oct
2005 May
2007 Nov
2007 Jun
2008 Sep
2009 Oct
2010 Jan
2012 Sep
2013 Jun
2015 Jun 2016, Apr 2017, Aug 2019 Jun 2017, Feb 2019 Jul
2019 Nov
2020 Dec
2022

Marketing Name Wonder Mach 3D
Rage Rage
Pro Rage
128 Radeon
7000 Radeon
8000 Radeon
9000 Radeon
X700/X800 Radeon
X1000 Radeon
HD 2000 Radeon
HD 3000 Radeon
HD 4000 Radeon
HD 5000 Radeon
HD 6000 Radeon
HD 7000 Radeon
200 Radeon
300 Radeon
400/500/600 Radeon
RX Vega, Radeon VII Radeon
RX 5000 Radeon
RX 6000 Radeon
RX 7000

AMD support

Kind 2D 3D

Instruction set architecture Not publicly known TeraScale instruction set GCN instruction set RDNA instruction set

Microarchitecture

TeraScale 1
(VLIW)

TeraScale 2
(VLIW5)


TeraScale 2 (VLIW5) up to 68xx	TeraScale 3 (VLIW4) in 69xx [9][10]

Type Fixed pipeline[lower-alpha 1] Programmable pixel & vertex pipelines Unified shader model

Direct3D — 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.1 9.0
11 (9_2) 9.0b
11 (9_2) 9.0c
11 (9_3) 10.0
11 (10_0) 10.1
11 (10_1) 11 (11_0) 11 (11_1)
12 (11_1) 11 (12_0)
12 (12_0) 11 (12_1)
12 (12_1) 11 (12_1)
12 (12_2)

Shader model — 1.4 2.0+ 2.0b 3.0 4.0 4.1 5.0 5.1 5.1
6.5 6.7

OpenGL — 1.1 1.2 1.3 2.1[lower-alpha 2][11] 3.3 4.5 (on Linux: 4.5 (Mesa 3D 21.0))[12][13][14][lower-alpha 3] 4.6 (on Linux: 4.6 (Mesa 3D 20.0))

Vulkan — 1.0
(Win 7+ or Mesa 17+) 1.2 (Adrenalin 20.1.2, Linux Mesa 3D 20.0)
1.3 (GCN 4 and above (with Adrenalin 22.1.2, Mesa 22.0)) 1.3

OpenCL — Close to Metal 1.1 (no Mesa 3D support) 1.2+ (on Linux: 1.1+ (no Image support on clover, with by rustiCL) with Mesa 3D, 1.2+ on GCN 1.Gen) 2.0+ (Adrenalin driver on Win7+)
(on Linux ROCM, Linux Mesa 3D 1.2+ (no Image support in clover, but in rustiCL with Mesa 3D, 2.0+ and 3.0 with AMD drivers or AMD ROCm), 5th gen: 2.2 win 10+ and Linux RocM 5.0+ 2.2+ and 3.0 windows 8.1+ and Linux ROCM 5.0+ (Mesa 3D rustiCL 1.2+ and 3.0 (2.1+ and 2.2+ wip)) [15] [16][17]

HSA / ROCm — ?

Video decoding ASIC — Avivo/UVD UVD+ UVD 2 UVD 2.2 UVD 3 UVD 4 UVD 4.2 UVD 5.0 or 6.0 UVD 6.3 UVD 7 [18][lower-alpha 4] VCN 2.0 [18][lower-alpha 4] VCN 3.0 [19] VCN 4.0

Video encoding ASIC — VCE 1.0 VCE 2.0 VCE 3.0 or 3.1 VCE 3.4 VCE 4.0 [18][lower-alpha 4]

Fluid Motion [lower-alpha 5] ?

Power saving ? PowerPlay PowerTune PowerTune & ZeroCore Power ?

TrueAudio — Via dedicated DSP Via shaders

FreeSync — 1
2

HDCP[lower-alpha 6] ? 1.4 2.2 2.3 [20]

PlayReady[lower-alpha 6] — 3.0 3.0

Supported displays[lower-alpha 7] 1–2 2 2–6 ?

Max. resolution

?

2–6 ×
2560×1600

2–6 ×
4096×2160 @ 30 Hz

2–6 ×
5120×2880 @ 60 Hz

3 ×
7680×4320 @ 60 Hz [21]

7680×4320 @ 60 Hz PowerColor

7680x4320

@165 HZ

/drm/radeon[lower-alpha 8] —

/drm/amdgpu[lower-alpha 8] — Experimental [22]

The Radeon 100 Series has programmable pixel shaders, but do not fully comply with DirectX 8 or Pixel Shader 1.0. See article on R100's pixel shaders.
R300, R400 and R500 based cards do not fully comply with OpenGL 2+ as the hardware does not support all types of non-power of two (NPOT) textures.
OpenGL 4+ compliance requires supporting FP64 shaders and these are emulated on some TeraScale chips using 32-bit hardware.
The UVD and VCE were replaced by the Video Core Next (VCN) ASIC in the Raven Ridge APU implementation of Vega.
Video processing for video frame rate interpolation technique. In Windows it works as a DirectShow filter in your player. In Linux, there is no support on the part of drivers and / or community.
To play protected video content, it also requires card, operating system, driver, and application support. A compatible HDCP display is also needed for this. HDCP is mandatory for the output of certain audio formats, placing additional constraints on the multimedia setup.
More displays may be supported with native DisplayPort connections, or splitting the maximum resolution between multiple monitors with active converters.
DRM (Direct Rendering Manager) is a component of the Linux kernel. AMDgpu is the Linux kernel module. Support in this table refers to the most current version.

Feature overview for AMD APUs

AMD Eyefinity is also available in AMD's APU branded product line. The A10-7850K is said to support up to four displays.

The following table shows features of AMD's processors with 3D graphics, including APUs (see also: List of AMD processors with 3D graphics).

Platform			High, standard and low power														Low and ultra-low power
Codename	Server	Basic						Toronto
	Server	Micro																Kyoto
	Desktop	Performance													Raphael
		Mainstream	Llano	Trinity	Richland	Kaveri	Kaveri Refresh (Godavari)	Carrizo	Bristol Ridge	Raven Ridge	Picasso	Renoir	Cezanne		Raphael
		Entry	Llano	Trinity	Richland	Kaveri	Kaveri Refresh (Godavari)	Carrizo	Bristol Ridge	Raven Ridge	Picasso	Renoir	Cezanne
		Basic																Kabini				Dalí
	Mobile	Performance										Renoir	Cezanne	Rembrandt	Dragon Range
		Mainstream	Llano	Trinity	Richland	Kaveri		Carrizo	Bristol Ridge	Raven Ridge	Picasso	Renoir Lucienne	Cezanne Barceló	Rembrandt	Dragon Range	Phoenix
		Entry	Llano	Trinity	Richland	Kaveri		Carrizo	Bristol Ridge	Raven Ridge												Dalí			Mendocino
		Basic															Desna, Ontario, Zacate	Kabini, Temash	Beema, Mullins	Carrizo-L	Stoney Ridge	Dalí	Pollock		Mendocino
	Embedded			Trinity		Bald Eagle		Merlin Falcon, Brown Falcon		Great Horned Owl		Grey Hawk					Ontario, Zacate	Kabini	Steppe Eagle, Crowned Eagle, LX-Family		Prairie Falcon	Banded Kestrel		River Hawk
Released			Aug 2011	Oct 2012	Jun 2013	Jan 2014	2015	Jun 2015	Jun 2016	Oct 2017	Jan 2019	Mar 2020	Jan 2021	Jan 2022	Sep 2022	Jan 2023	Jan 2011	May 2013	Apr 2014	May 2015	Feb 2016	Apr 2019	Jul 2020	Jun 2022	Nov 2022
CPU microarchitecture			K10	Piledriver		Steamroller		Excavator	"Excavator+"[23]	Zen	Zen+	Zen 2	Zen 3	Zen 3+	Zen 4		Bobcat	Jaguar	Puma	Puma+[24]	"Excavator+"	Zen		Zen+	"Zen 2+"
ISA			x86-64 v1	x86-64 v2						x86-64 v3					x86-64 v4		x86-64 v1	x86-64 v2				x86-64 v3
Socket	Desktop	Performance	—												AM5	—	—
		Mainstream	—					AM4						—	AM5	—
		Entry	FM1	FM2		FM2+		FM2+[lower-alpha 1], AM4	AM4					—
		Basic	—														—	AM1	—			FP5	—
	Other		FS1	FS1+, FP2		FP3		FP4		FP5		FP6		FP7	FL1	FP7 FP7r2 FP8	?	FT1	FT3	FT3b		FP4	FP5	FT5	FP5	FT6
PCI Express version			2.0			3.0								4.0	5.0	4.0	2.0				3.0
CXL			—														—
Fab. (nm)			GF 32SHP (HKMG SOI)			GF 28SHP (HKMG bulk)				GF 14LPP (FinFET bulk)	GF 12LP (FinFET bulk)	TSMC N7 (FinFET bulk)		TSMC N6 (FinFET bulk)	CCD: TSMC N5 (FinFET bulk) cIOD: TSMC N6 (FinFET bulk)	TSMC 4nm (FinFET bulk)	TSMC N40 (bulk)	TSMC N28 (HKMG bulk)	GF 28SHP (HKMG bulk)			GF 14LPP (FinFET bulk)		GF 12LP (FinFET bulk)	TSMC N6 (FinFET bulk)
Die area (mm²)			228	246		245		245	250	210[25]		156	180	210	CCD: (2x) 70 cIOD: 122	178	75 (+ 28 FCH)	107		?	125	149			~100
Min TDP (W)			35	17				12				10		15	105	35	4.5	4	3.95	10	6			12	8
Max APU TDP (W)			100			95		65						45	170	54	18	25					6	54	15
Max stock APU base clock (GHz)			3	3.8	4.1	4.1		3.7	3.8	3.6	3.7	3.8	4.0	3.3	4.7	4.3	1.75	2.2	2	2.2	3.2	2.6	1.2	3.35	2.8
Max APUs per node[lower-alpha 2]			1														1
Max core dies per CPU			1												2	1	1
Max CCX per core die			1									2	1				1
Max cores per CCX			4										8				2	4			2			4
Max CPU[lower-alpha 3] cores per APU			4									8			16	8	2	4			2			4
Max threads per CPU core			1							2							1					2
Integer pipeline structure			3+3	2+2						4+2		4+2+1	1+3+3+1+2				1+1+1+1				2+2	4+2			4+2+1
i386, i486, i586, CMOV, NOPL, i686, PAE, NX bit, CMPXCHG16B, AMD-V, RVI, ABM, and 64-bit LAHF/SAHF
IOMMU[lower-alpha 4]			—	v2													v1		v2
BMI1, AES-NI, CLMUL, and F16C			—														—
MOVBE			—														—
AVIC, BMI2, RDRAND, and MWAITX/MONITORX			—														—
SME[lower-alpha 5], TSME[lower-alpha 5], ADX, SHA, RDSEED, SMAP, SMEP, XSAVEC, XSAVES, XRSTORS, CLFLUSHOPT, CLZERO, and PTE Coalescing			—														—
GMET, WBNOINVD, CLWB, QOS, PQE-BW, RDPID, RDPRU, and MCOMMIT			—														—
MPK, VAES			—														—
SGX			—														—
FPUs per core			1	0.5						1							1				0.5	1
Pipes per FPU			2														2
FPU pipe width			128-bit									256-bit					80-bit	128-bit							256-bit
CPU instruction set SIMD level			SSE4a[lower-alpha 6]	AVX				AVX2							AVX-512		SSSE3	AVX			AVX2
3DNow!			3DNow!+	—													—
PREFETCH/PREFETCHW
GFNI			—														—
AMX			—														—
FMA4, LWP, TBM, and XOP			—							—							—					—
FMA3			—														—
AMD XDNA			—														—
L1 data cache per core (KiB)			64	16				32									32
L1 data cache associativity (ways)			2	4				8									8
L1 instruction caches per core			1	0.5						1							1				0.5	1
Max APU total L1 instruction cache (KiB)			256	128		192				256					512	256	64		128		96	128
L1 instruction cache associativity (ways)			2			3				4		8					2				3	4			8
L2 caches per core			1	0.5						1							1				0.5	1
Max APU total L2 cache (MiB)			4					2				4			16		1	2			1			2
L2 cache associativity (ways)			16							8							16					8
Max on--die L3 cache per CCX (MiB)			—							4			16		32		—						4
Max 3D V-Cache per CCD (MiB)										—					64	—							—
Max total in-CCD L3 cache per APU (MiB)										4		8	16		64								4
Max. total 3D V-Cache per APU (MiB)										—					64	—							—
Max. board L3 cache per APU (MiB)										—													—
Max total L3 cache per APU (MiB)										4		8	16		128								4
APU L3 cache associativity (ways)										16													16
L3 cache scheme										Victim													Victim
Max. L4 cache			—														—
Max stock DRAM support			DDR3-1866		DDR3-2133			DDR3-2133, DDR4-2400	DDR4-2400	DDR4-2933		DDR4-3200, LPDDR4-4266		DDR5-4800, LPDDR5-6400	DDR5-5200	DDR5-5600, LPDDR5x-7500	DDR3L-1333	DDR3L-1600	DDR3L-1866		DDR3-1866, DDR4-2400	DDR4-2400	DDR4-1600	DDR4-3200	LPDDR5-5500
Max DRAM channels per APU			2														1					2	1	2
Max stock DRAM bandwidth (GB/s) per APU			29.866		34.132			38.400		46.932		68.256		102.400	83.200	120.000	10.666	12.800	14.933		19.200	38.400	12.800	51.200	88.000
GPU microarchitecture			TeraScale 2 (VLIW5)	TeraScale 3 (VLIW4)		GCN 2nd gen		GCN 3rd gen		GCN 5th gen[26]				RDNA 2		RDNA 3	TeraScale 2 (VLIW5)	GCN 2nd gen			GCN 3rd gen[26]	GCN 5th gen			RDNA 2
GPU instruction set			TeraScale instruction set			GCN instruction set								RDNA instruction set			TeraScale instruction set	GCN instruction set							RDNA instruction set
Max stock GPU base clock (MHz)			600	800	844	866		1108		1250	1400	2100		2400	400		538	600	?	847	900	1200	600	1300	1900
Max stock GPU base GFLOPS[lower-alpha 7]			480	614.4	648.1	886.7		1134.5		1760	1971.2	2150.4		3686.4	102.4		86	?	?	?	345.6	460.8	230.4	1331.2	486.4
3D engine[lower-alpha 8]			Up to 400:20:8	Up to 384:24:6		Up to 512:32:8				Up to 704:44:16[27]		Up to 512:32:8		768:48:8	128:8:4		80:8:4	128:8:4			Up to 192:12:8	Up to 192:12:4	192:12:4	Up to 512:?:?	128:?:?
3D engine[lower-alpha 8]			IOMMUv1			IOMMUv2											IOMMUv1		?		IOMMUv2
Video decoder			UVD 3.0			UVD 4.2		UVD 6.0		VCN 1.0[28]		VCN 2.1[29]	VCN 2.2[29]	VCN 3.1		?	UVD 3.0	UVD 4.0	UVD 4.2	UVD 6.0	UVD 6.3	VCN 1.0			VCN 3.1
Video encoder			—	VCE 1.0		VCE 2.0		VCE 3.1		VCN 1.0[28]		VCN 2.1[29]	VCN 2.2[29]	VCN 3.1		?	—	VCE 2.0		VCE 3.1		VCN 1.0			VCN 3.1
AMD Fluid Motion
GPU power saving			PowerPlay	PowerTune													PowerPlay	PowerTune[30]
TrueAudio			—			[31]							?				—
FreeSync			—			1 2											—	1 2
HDCP[lower-alpha 9]			?			1.4				2.2				2.3			?	1.4				2.2			2.3
PlayReady[lower-alpha 9]			—							3.0 not yet							—					3.0 not yet
Supported displays[lower-alpha 10]			2–3	2–4				3		3 (desktop) 4 (mobile, embedded)		4					2				3	4		4
`/drm/radeon`[lower-alpha 11][33][4]									—												—
`/drm/amdgpu`[lower-alpha 11][34]			—			[35]											—	[35]

For FM2+ Excavator models: A8-7680, A6-7480 & Athlon X4 845.
A PC would be one node.
An APU combines a CPU and a GPU. Both have cores.
Requires firmware support.
Requires firmware support.
No SSE4. No SSSE3.
Single-precision performance is calculated from the base (or boost) core clock speed based on a FMA operation.
Unified shaders : texture mapping units : render output units
To play protected video content, it also requires card, operating system, driver, and application support. A compatible HDCP display is also needed for this. HDCP is mandatory for the output of certain audio formats, placing additional constraints on the multimedia setup.
To feed more than two displays, the additional panels must have native DisplayPort support.[32] Alternatively active DisplayPort-to-DVI/HDMI/VGA adapters can be employed.
DRM (Direct Rendering Manager) is a component of the Linux kernel. Support in this table refers to the most current version.

Software support

Support for the Eyefinity display controller is available in the Linux kernel device driver amdgpu and accessible via the DRM/KMS API.

AMD Catalyst supports Eyefinity and enables the user to independently configure and run each attached displays. It facilitates the configuration of "cloned mode", i.e. to copy one desktop onto multiple screens or "extended mode", i.e. to span the workspace across multiple screens and combine the resolutions of all of those displays into one big resolution. AMD calls the extended modes Single Large Surface (SLS) and Catalyst support of certain range of display group configurations. For example, 5x1 landscape and 5x1 portrait are supported since AMD Catalyst version 11.10 from October 2011.[2][36]

Starting in Catalyst 14.6, AMD supports mixed resolution support, so a single Eyefinity display group can drive each monitor at a different resolution. This is provided through two new Eyefinity display modes, Fit and Expand, in addition to the existing Fill mode. In Fit or Expand mode, AMD compensates for mismatched resolutions by creating a virtual desktop of a different resolution than the monitors, and then either padding it out or cropping it as is necessary.[37]

AMD Eyefinity works with games that support non-standard aspect ratios, which is required for panning across multiple displays. SLS ("Single Large Surface") mode requires an identical display resolution on all configured displays. AMD validated some video games to support Eyefinity. The short list includes titles such as Age of Conan, ARMA 2: Operation Arrowhead, S.T.A.L.K.E.R.: Call of Pripyat, Serious Sam 3: BFE, Singularity (video game), Sleeping Dogs, Assassin's Creed II, Sniper Elite V2, Soldier of Fortune Online, Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Conviction, Star Wars: The Force Unleashed 2, Marvel Super Hero Squad Online, R.U.S.E., Supreme Commander 2 among others.[38] However, some games not on this short list seem to work as well, e.g. Dirt 3 and The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim.

KMS driver supports AMD Eyefinity.[4]

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Airlie, David (26 November 2009). "DisplayPort supported by KMS driver mainlined into Linux kernel 2.6.33". Retrieved 16 January 2016.
Deucher, Alexander (16 September 2015). "XDC2015: AMDGPU" (PDF). Retrieved 16 January 2016.
Michel Dänzer (17 November 2016). "[ANNOUNCE] xf86-video-amdgpu 1.2.0". lists.x.org.
"AMD's Eyefinity Technology Explained". Tom's Hardware. 2010-02-28. Retrieved 2014-07-02.
"AMD Catalyst 14.6 beta adds new Eyefinity functionality". AnandTech. 2014-05-27. Retrieved 2014-07-02.
"AMD Eyefinity Validated and Ready Software".

External links

AMD Eyefinity 5x1 Portrait and 120Hz on YouTube playing The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim

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[r100_shader-11] The Radeon 100 Series has programmable pixel shaders, but do not fully comply with DirectX 8 or Pixel Shader 1.0. See article on R100's pixel shaders.

[nonpot-12] R300, R400 and R500 based cards do not fully comply with OpenGL 2+ as the hardware does not support all types of non-power of two (NPOT) textures.

[nofp64-17] OpenGL 4+ compliance requires supporting FP64 shaders and these are emulated on some TeraScale chips using 32-bit hardware.

[vcn-22] The UVD and VCE were replaced by the Video Core Next (VCN) ASIC in the Raven Ridge APU implementation of Vega.

[FliudMotion-24] Video processing for video frame rate interpolation technique. In Windows it works as a DirectShow filter in your player. In Linux, there is no support on the part of drivers and / or community.

[DRM-25] To play protected video content, it also requires card, operating system, driver, and application support. A compatible HDCP display is also needed for this. HDCP is mandatory for the output of certain audio formats, placing additional constraints on the multimedia setup.

[max_displays-27] More displays may be supported with native DisplayPort connections, or splitting the maximum resolution between multiple monitors with active converters.

[drm-29] DRM (Direct Rendering Manager) is a component of the Linux kernel. AMDgpu is the Linux kernel module. Support in this table refers to the most current version.

[33] For FM2+ Excavator models: A8-7680, A6-7480 & Athlon X4 845.

[nodedef-35] A PC would be one node.

[apudef-36] An APU combines a CPU and a GPU. Both have cores.

[iommubios-37] Requires firmware support.

[firmware-38] Requires firmware support.

[sse4a-39] No SSE4. No SSSE3.

[SFLOPS-41] Single-precision performance is calculated from the base (or boost) core clock speed based on a FMA operation.

[42] Unified shaders : texture mapping units : render output units

[DRM-48] To play protected video content, it also requires card, operating system, driver, and application support. A compatible HDCP display is also needed for this. HDCP is mandatory for the output of certain audio formats, placing additional constraints on the multimedia setup.

[50] To feed more than two displays, the additional panels must have native DisplayPort support.[32] Alternatively active DisplayPort-to-DVI/HDMI/VGA adapters can be employed.

[drm-51] DRM (Direct Rendering Manager) is a component of the Linux kernel. Support in this table refers to the most current version.

[1] "AMD's Radeon HD 5870 Eyefinity 6 Edition Reviewed". AnandTech. 2010-03-31. Retrieved 2014-07-02.

[Eyefinity_FAQ-2] "AMD Eyefinity: FAQ". AMD. 2011-05-17. Retrieved 2014-07-02.

[3] "How do I connect three or More Monitors to an AMD Radeon HD 5000, HD 6000, and HD 7000 Series Graphics Card?". AMD. Retrieved 2014-12-08.

[Radeon_Feature_Matrix-4] "Radeon feature matrix". freedesktop.org. Retrieved 10 January 2016.

[5] "Configuring and Running a Large Video Wall using ATI FirePro Graphics" (PDF). Retrieved 2014-07-04.

[6] "Carrizo introduces a new video playback pathways".

[tomshardware-7] "AMD Eyefinity on AMD Radeon HD 5870". Tom's Hardware. 2009-09-23. Retrieved 2014-07-02.

[8] "Presenting Radeon HD 5000" (PDF).

[9] "AMD Radeon HD 6900 (AMD Cayman) series graphics cards". HWlab. hw-lab.com. December 19, 2010. Archived from the original on August 23, 2022. Retrieved August 23, 2022. New VLIW4 architecture of stream processors allowed to save area of each SIMD by 10%, while performing the same compared to previous VLIW5 architecture

[10] "GPU Specs Database". TechPowerUp. Retrieved August 23, 2022.

[13] "NPOT Texture (OpenGL Wiki)". Khronos Group. Retrieved February 10, 2021.

[14] "AMD Radeon Software Crimson Edition Beta". AMD. Retrieved 2018-04-20.

[15] "Mesamatrix". mesamatrix.net. Retrieved 2018-04-22.

[16] "RadeonFeature". X.Org Foundation. Retrieved 2018-04-20.

[18] "AMD Radeon RX 6800 XT Specs". TechPowerUp. Retrieved January 1, 2021.

[19] "AMD Launches The Radeon PRO W7500/W7600 RDNA3 GPUs". Phoronix. 3 August 2023. Retrieved 4 September 2023.

[20] "AMD Radeon Pro 5600M Grafikkarte". TopCPU.net (in German). Retrieved 4 September 2023.

[TR_vega_patch-21] Killian, Zak (March 22, 2017). "AMD publishes patches for Vega support on Linux". Tech Report. Retrieved March 23, 2017.

[23] Larabel, Michael (September 15, 2020). "AMD Radeon Navi 2 / VCN 3.0 Supports AV1 Video Decoding". Phoronix. Retrieved January 1, 2021.

[26] Edmonds, Rich (February 4, 2022). "ASUS Dual RX 6600 GPU review: Rock-solid 1080p gaming with impressive thermals". Windows Central. Retrieved November 1, 2022.

[28] "Radeon's next-generation Vega architecture" (PDF). Radeon Technologies Group (AMD). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 6, 2018. Retrieved June 13, 2017.

[30] Larabel, Michael (December 7, 2016). "The Best Features of the Linux 4.9 Kernel". Phoronix. Retrieved December 7, 2016.

[31] "AMD Announces the 7th Generation APU: Excavator mk2 in Bristol Ridge and Stoney Ridge for Notebooks". 31 May 2016. Retrieved 3 January 2020.

[32] "AMD Mobile "Carrizo" Family of APUs Designed to Deliver Significant Leap in Performance, Energy Efficiency in 2015" (Press release). 20 November 2014. Retrieved 16 February 2015.

[34] "The Mobile CPU Comparison Guide Rev. 13.0 Page 5 : AMD Mobile CPU Full List". TechARP.com. Retrieved 13 December 2017.

[Vega_codenames-40] "AMD VEGA10 and VEGA11 GPUs spotted in OpenCL driver". VideoCardz.com. Retrieved 6 June 2017.

[43] Cutress, Ian (1 February 2018). "Zen Cores and Vega: Ryzen APUs for AM4 – AMD Tech Day at CES: 2018 Roadmap Revealed, with Ryzen APUs, Zen+ on 12nm, Vega on 7nm". Anandtech. Retrieved 7 February 2018.

[44] Larabel, Michael (17 November 2017). "Radeon VCN Encode Support Lands in Mesa 17.4 Git". Phoronix. Retrieved 20 November 2017.

[wccftechCezanne-45] "AMD Ryzen 5000G 'Cezanne' APU Gets First High-Res Die Shots, 10.7 Billion Transistors In A 180mm2 Package". wccftech. Aug 12, 2021. Retrieved August 25, 2021.

[46] Tony Chen; Jason Greaves, "AMD's Graphics Core Next (GCN) Architecture" (PDF), AMD, retrieved 13 August 2016

[47] "A technical look at AMD's Kaveri architecture". Semi Accurate. Retrieved 6 July 2014.

[49] "How do I connect three or More Monitors to an AMD Radeon™ HD 5000, HD 6000, and HD 7000 Series Graphics Card?". AMD. Retrieved 8 December 2014.

[52] Airlie, David (26 November 2009). "DisplayPort supported by KMS driver mainlined into Linux kernel 2.6.33". Retrieved 16 January 2016.

[53] Deucher, Alexander (16 September 2015). "XDC2015: AMDGPU" (PDF). Retrieved 16 January 2016.

[amdgpu_1.2-54] Michel Dänzer (17 November 2016). "[ANNOUNCE] xf86-video-amdgpu 1.2.0". lists.x.org.

[55] "AMD's Eyefinity Technology Explained". Tom's Hardware. 2010-02-28. Retrieved 2014-07-02.

[56] "AMD Catalyst 14.6 beta adds new Eyefinity functionality". AnandTech. 2014-05-27. Retrieved 2014-07-02.

[AMD_Eyefinity_Validated-57] "AMD Eyefinity Validated and Ready Software".