ALCAM

ALCAM
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	5A2F
Identifiers
Aliases	ALCAM, CD166, MEMD, activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule
External IDs	OMIM: 601662 MGI: 1313266 HomoloGene: 1229 GeneCards: ALCAM
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 3 (human)[1]
End	105,576,900 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 16 (mouse)[2]
End	52,274,437 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	bronchial epithelial cell; ; endothelial cell; ; palpebral conjunctiva; ; corpus callosum; ; visceral pleura; ; external globus pallidus; ; trigeminal ganglion; ; inferior ganglion of vagus nerve; ; lower lobe of lung; ; superior vestibular nucleus;
	Top expressed in
	olfactory tubercle; ; vas deferens; ; right lung lobe; ; left lung lobe; ; stria vascularis; ; nucleus accumbens; ; globus pallidus; ; ventromedial nucleus; ; renal corpuscle; ; mammillary body;
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Gene ontology
Molecular function	protein binding; signaling receptor binding; identical protein binding;
Cellular component	integral component of membrane; cell projection; membrane; focal adhesion; intrinsic component of plasma membrane; plasma membrane; integral component of plasma membrane; T cell receptor complex; extracellular region; axon; neuronal cell body; dendrite; immunological synapse; extracellular exosome; external side of plasma membrane;
Biological process	heterophilic cell-cell adhesion via plasma membrane cell adhesion molecules; adaptive immune response; immune system process; neuron projection extension; cell adhesion; motor neuron axon guidance; axon extension involved in axon guidance; signal transduction; retinal ganglion cell axon guidance; axon guidance;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	214
	11658
	ENSG00000170017
	ENSMUSG00000022636
	Q13740
	Q61490
	NM_001627; NM_001243280; NM_001243281; NM_001243283
	NM_009655; NM_001331110
	NP_001230209; NP_001230210; NP_001230212; NP_001618
	NP_001318039; NP_033785
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

CD166 antigen is a 100-105 kD typeI transmembrane glycoprotein that is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of proteins. In humans it is encoded by the ALCAM gene.[5][6] It is also called CD166 (cluster of differentiation 166), MEMD,[7] SC-1/DM-GRASP/BEN in the chicken, and KG-CAM in the rat.

Some literature sources have also cited it as the CD6 ligand (CD6L). It is expressed on activated T cells, activated monocytes, epithelial cells, fibroblasts, neurons, melanoma cells, and also in sweat and sebaceous glands. CD166 protein expression is reported to be upregulated in a cell line deriving from a metastasizing melanoma.[7] CD166 plays an important role in mediating adhesion interactions between thymic epithelial cells and CD6+ cells during intrathymic T cell development.

Recently, CD166 has also been used as a potential cancer stem cell marker.

References

GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000170017 - Ensembl, May 2017
GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000022636 - Ensembl, May 2017
"Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
"Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
Bowen MA, Patel DD, Li X, Modrell B, Malacko AR, Wang WC, Marquardt H, Neubauer M, Pesando JM, Francke U, et al. (Jun 1995). "Cloning, mapping, and characterization of activated leukocyte-cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM), a CD6 ligand". J Exp Med. 181 (6): 2213–20. doi:10.1084/jem.181.6.2213. PMC 2192054. PMID 7760007.
"Entrez Gene: ALCAM activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule".
Degen WG, van Kempen LC, Gijzen EG, et al. (1998). "MEMD, a new cell adhesion molecule in metastasizing human melanoma cell lines, is identical to ALCAM (activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule)". Am. J. Pathol. 152 (3): 805–13. PMC 1858405. PMID 9502422.

Whitney GS, Starling GC, Bowen MA, et al. (1995). "The membrane-proximal scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domain of CD6 contains the activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule binding site". J. Biol. Chem. 270 (31): 18187–90. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.31.18187. PMID 7543097.
Bajorath J, Bowen MA, Aruffo A (1996). "Molecular model of the N-terminal receptor-binding domain of the human CD6 ligand ALCAM". Protein Sci. 4 (8): 1644–7. doi:10.1002/pro.5560040822. PMC 2143187. PMID 8520490.
Skonier JE, Bowen MA, Emswiler J, et al. (1996). "Recognition of diverse proteins by members of the immunoglobulin superfamily: delineation of the receptor binding site in the human CD6 ligand ALCAM". Biochemistry. 35 (38): 12287–91. doi:10.1021/bi961038k. PMID 8823162.
Singer NG, Mitra R, Lialios F, et al. (1998). "CD6 dependent interactions of T cells and keratinocytes: functional evidence for a second CD6 ligand on gamma-interferon activated keratinocytes". Immunol. Lett. 58 (1): 9–14. doi:10.1016/S0165-2478(97)02707-7. PMID 9436462.
Degen WG, van Kempen LC, Gijzen EG, et al. (1998). "MEMD, a new cell adhesion molecule in metastasizing human melanoma cell lines, is identical to ALCAM (activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule)". Am. J. Pathol. 152 (3): 805–13. PMC 1858405. PMID 9502422.
Cortés F, Deschaseaux F, Uchida N, et al. (1999). "HCA, an immunoglobulin-like adhesion molecule present on the earliest human hematopoietic precursor cells, is also expressed by stromal cells in blood-forming tissues". Blood. 93 (3): 826–37. doi:10.1182/blood.V93.3.826. PMID 9920831.
Tomita K, van Bokhoven A, Jansen CF, et al. (2000). "Coordinate recruitment of E-cadherin and ALCAM to cell-cell contacts by alpha-catenin". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 267 (3): 870–4. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1999.2040. PMID 10673383.
van Kempen LC, Nelissen JM, Degen WG, et al. (2001). "Molecular basis for the homophilic activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM)-ALCAM interaction". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (28): 25783–90. doi:10.1074/jbc.M011272200. PMID 11306570.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
Kristiansen G, Pilarsky C, Wissmann C, et al. (2003). "ALCAM/CD166 is up-regulated in low-grade prostate cancer and progressively lost in high-grade lesions". Prostate. 54 (1): 34–43. doi:10.1002/pros.10161. PMID 12481253. S2CID 22749852.
Zhang H, Li XJ, Martin DB, Aebersold R (2003). "Identification and quantification of N-linked glycoproteins using hydrazide chemistry, stable isotope labeling and mass spectrometry". Nat. Biotechnol. 21 (6): 660–6. doi:10.1038/nbt827. PMID 12754519. S2CID 581283.
Fujiwara H, Tatsumi K, Kosaka K, et al. (2003). "Human blastocysts and endometrial epithelial cells express activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM/CD166)". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 88 (7): 3437–43. doi:10.1210/jc.2002-021888. PMID 12843199.
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039.
van Kempen LC, Meier F, Egeblad M, et al. (2004). "Truncation of activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule: a gateway to melanoma metastasis". J. Invest. Dermatol. 122 (5): 1293–301. doi:10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.22531.x. PMID 15140234.
Zimmerman AW, Nelissen JM, van Emst-de Vries SE, et al. (2005). "Cytoskeletal restraints regulate homotypic ALCAM-mediated adhesion through PKCalpha independently of Rho-like GTPases". J. Cell Sci. 117 (Pt 13): 2841–52. doi:10.1242/jcs.01139. PMID 15169840.
Ikeda K, Quertermous T (2005). "Molecular isolation and characterization of a soluble isoform of activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule that modulates endothelial cell function". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (53): 55315–23. doi:10.1074/jbc.M407776200. PMID 15496415.
Verma A, Shukla NK, Deo SV, et al. (2005). "MEMD/ALCAM: a potential marker for tumor invasion and nodal metastasis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma". Oncology. 68 (4–6): 462–70. doi:10.1159/000086989. PMID 16024937. S2CID 25355369.
Lunter PC, van Kilsdonk JW, van Beek H, et al. (2005). "Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM/CD166/MEMD), a novel actor in invasive growth, controls matrix metalloproteinase activity". Cancer Res. 65 (19): 8801–8. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-0378. PMID 16204050.
Liu T, Qian WJ, Gritsenko MA, et al. (2006). "Human plasma N-glycoproteome analysis by immunoaffinity subtraction, hydrazide chemistry, and mass spectrometry". J. Proteome Res. 4 (6): 2070–80. doi:10.1021/pr0502065. PMC 1850943. PMID 16335952.

External links

ALCAM at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
Human ALCAM genome location and ALCAM gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.

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[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000170017 - Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000022636 - Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid7760007-5] Bowen MA, Patel DD, Li X, Modrell B, Malacko AR, Wang WC, Marquardt H, Neubauer M, Pesando JM, Francke U, et al. (Jun 1995). "Cloning, mapping, and characterization of activated leukocyte-cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM), a CD6 ligand". J Exp Med. 181 (6): 2213–20. doi:10.1084/jem.181.6.2213. PMC 2192054. PMID 7760007.

[entrez-6] "Entrez Gene: ALCAM activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule".

[Degan1998-7] Degen WG, van Kempen LC, Gijzen EG, et al. (1998). "MEMD, a new cell adhesion molecule in metastasizing human melanoma cell lines, is identical to ALCAM (activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule)". Am. J. Pathol. 152 (3): 805–13. PMC 1858405. PMID 9502422.

Proteins: clusters of differentiation (see also list of human clusters of differentiation)
1–50	CD1 a-c 1A 1B 1D 1E CD2 CD3 γ δ ε CD4 CD5 CD6 CD7 CD8 a CD9 CD10 CD11 a b c d CD13 CD14 CD15 CD16 A B CD18 CD19 CD20 CD21 CD22 CD23 CD24 CD25 CD26 CD27 CD28 CD29 CD30 CD31 CD32 A B CD33 CD34 CD35 CD36 CD37 CD38 CD39 CD40 CD41 CD42 a b c d CD43 CD44 CD45 CD46 CD47 CD48 CD49 a b c d e f CD50
51–100	CD51 CD52 CD53 CD54 CD55 CD56 CD57 CD58 CD59 CD61 CD62 E L P CD63 CD64 A B C CD66 a b c d e f CD68 CD69 CD70 CD71 CD72 CD73 CD74 CD78 CD79 a b CD80 CD81 CD82 CD83 CD84 CD85 a d e h j k CD86 CD87 CD88 CD89 CD90 CD91 - CD92 CD93 CD94 CD95 CD96 CD97 CD98 CD99 CD100
101–150	CD101 CD102 CD103 CD104 CD105 CD106 CD107 a b CD108 CD109 CD110 CD111 CD112 CD113 CD114 CD115 CD116 CD117 CD118 CD119 CD120 a b CD121 a b CD122 CD123 CD124 CD125 CD126 CD127 CD129 CD130 CD131 CD132 CD133 CD134 CD135 CD136 CD137 CD138 CD140b CD141 CD142 CD143 CD144 CD146 CD147 CD148 CD150
151–200	CD151 CD152 CD153 CD154 CD155 CD156 a b c CD157 CD158 (a d e i k) CD159 a c CD160 CD161 CD162 CD163 CD164 CD166 CD167 a b CD168 CD169 CD170 CD171 CD172 a b g CD174 CD177 CD178 CD179 a b CD180 CD181 CD182 CD183 CD184 CD185 CD186 CD191 CD192 CD193 CD194 CD195 CD196 CD197 CDw198 CDw199 CD200
201–250	CD201 CD202b CD204 CD205 CD206 CD207 CD208 CD209 CDw210 a b CD212 CD213a 1 2 CD217 CD218 (a b) CD220 CD221 CD222 CD223 CD224 CD225 CD226 CD227 CD228 CD229 CD230 CD233 CD234 CD235 a b CD236 CD238 CD239 CD240CE CD240D CD241 CD243 CD244 CD246 CD247 - CD248 CD249
251–300	CD252 CD253 CD254 CD256 CD257 CD258 CD261 CD262 CD263 CD264 CD265 CD266 CD267 CD268 CD269 CD271 CD272 CD273 CD274 CD275 CD276 CD278 CD279 CD280 CD281 CD282 CD283 CD284 CD286 CD288 CD289 CD290 CD292 CDw293 CD294 CD295 CD297 CD298 CD299
301–350	CD300A CD301 CD302 CD303 CD304 CD305 CD306 CD307 CD309 CD312 CD314 CD315 CD316 CD317 CD318 CD320 CD321 CD322 CD324 CD325 CD326 CD327 CD328 CD329 CD331 CD332 CD333 CD334 CD335 CD336 CD337 CD338 CD339 CD340 CD344 CD349 CD350

ALCAM

References

Further reading

External links