5-APB

5-APB (abbreviation of "5-(2-aminopropyl)benzofuran"; see infobox for the correct IUPAC name) is an empathogenic psychoactive compound of the substituted benzofuran, substituted amphetamine and substituted phenethylamine classes. 5-APB and other compounds are sometimes informally called "Benzofury".

5-APB
Ball-and-stick model of the 5-APB molecule
Clinical data
Other names1-Benzofuran-5-ylpropan-2-amine
ATC code
  • none
Legal status
Legal status
Identifiers
  • 1-(1-Benzofuran-5-yl)propan-2-amine
CAS Number
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
UNII
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC11H13NO
Molar mass175.231 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • CC(N)CC1=CC(C=CO2)=C2C=C1
  • InChI=1S/C11H13NO/c1-8(12)6-9-2-3-11-10(7-9)4-5-13-11/h2-5,7-8H,6,12H2,1H3 checkY
  • Key:VKUMKUZDZWHMQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
 ☒NcheckY (what is this?)  (verify)

5-APB is commonly found as the succinate and hydrochloride salt. The hydrochloride salt is 10% more potent by mass and doses should be adjusted accordingly.

5-APB has been sold as a designer drug since 2010.[2]

Pharmacology

5-APB is a serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor with Ki(NET)=180 nmol/L, Ki(DAT)=265 nmol/L and Ki(SERT)=811 nmol/L.[3] It is also a serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent.[4] 5-APB is a potent agonist for the 5-HT2A and 5-HT2B receptors (Ki of 14 nmol/L at 5-HT2B with an efficacy of[3] 0.924). This agonism for 5-HT2B makes it likely that 5-APB would be cardiotoxic with long term use, as seen in other 5-HT2B agonists such as fenfluramine and MDMA. 5-APB is also an agonist of the 5-HT2C receptor.[5]

Detection

A forensic standard of 5-APB is available, and the compound has been posted on the Forendex website of potential drugs of abuse.[6] The US Department of Justice and DEA have also conducted studies concerning the detection of 5-APB.[7]

Effects

Users describe effects as euphoric. Largely, effects reported were similar to that of the drug MDMA but not as strong. Recreational use of 5-APB has been associated with death in combination with other drugs[8][9] and solely as the result of 5-APB.[10]

Legality

On March 5, 2014 the UK Home Office announced that 5-APB would be made a class B drug on 10 June 2014 alongside every other benzofuran entactogen and many structurally related drugs.[11]

References
  1. Anvisa (2023-07-24). "RDC Nº 804 - Listas de Substâncias Entorpecentes, Psicotrópicas, Precursoras e Outras sob Controle Especial" [Collegiate Board Resolution No. 804 - Lists of Narcotic, Psychotropic, Precursor, and Other Substances under Special Control] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Diário Oficial da União (published 2023-07-25). Archived from the original on 2023-08-27. Retrieved 2023-08-27.
  2. http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/implementation-reports/2010 EMCDDA–Europol 2010 Annual Report on the implementation of Council Decision 2005/387/JHA
  3. Iversen L, Gibbons S, Treble R, Setola V, Huang XP, Roth BL (January 2013). "Neurochemical profiles of some novel psychoactive substances". European Journal of Pharmacology. 700 (1–3): 147–51. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.12.006. PMC 3582025. PMID 23261499.
  4. Rickli A, Kopf S, Hoener MC, Liechti ME (July 2015). "Pharmacological profile of novel psychoactive benzofurans". British Journal of Pharmacology. 172 (13): 3412–25. doi:10.1111/bph.13128. PMC 4500375. PMID 25765500.
  5. US patent 7045545, Karin Briner et al, "Aminoalkylbenzofurans as serotonin (5-HT(2c)) agonists", published 2000-01-19, issued 2006-16-03
  6. Southern Association of Forensic Scientists, http://forendex.southernforensic.org/index.php/detail/index/1135 Archived 2014-05-29 at the Wayback Machine
  7. USDOJ/DEA, http://www.justice.gov/dea/pr/microgram-journals/2011/mj8-2_62-74.pdf
  8. "UCSD student dies of drug overdose after on-campus music festival". Los Angeles Times. August 20, 2014.
  9. Dawson P, Opacka-Juffry J, Moffatt JD, Daniju Y, Dutta N, Ramsey J, Davidson C (January 2014). "The effects of benzofury (5-APB) on the dopamine transporter and 5-HT2-dependent vasoconstriction in the rat" (PDF). Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry. 48: 57–63. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.08.013. PMID 24012617. S2CID 23400101. 5-APB ... has been implicated in 10 recent drug-related deaths in the UK
  10. McIntyre IM, Gary RD, Trochta A, Stolberg S, Stabley R (March 2015). "Acute 5-(2-aminopropyl)benzofuran (5-APB) intoxication and fatality: a case report with postmortem concentrations". Journal of Analytical Toxicology. 39 (2): 156–9. doi:10.1093/jat/bku131. PMID 25429871.
  11. UK Home Office (2014-03-05). "The Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (Ketamine etc.) (Amendment) Order 2014". UK Government. Retrieved 2014-03-11.
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