Yuen Kwok-yung

Yuen Kwok-yung GBS JP (Chinese: 袁國勇; born 30 December 1956) is a Hong Kong microbiologist, physician and surgeon. He is a prolific researcher, with most of his nearly 800 papers (as of December 2020) related to research on novel microbes or emerging infectious diseases. He led a team identifying the SARS coronavirus that caused the SARS pandemic of 2003–4, and traced its genetic origins to wild bats. During the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, he has acted as expert adviser to the Hong Kong government.[1]

In this Chinese name, the family name is Yuen.
Professor

Yuen Kwok-yung

GBS JP
袁國勇
Yuen during a NHC press conference in January 2020
Born (1956-12-30) 30 December 1956
Hong Kong
Alma materUniversity of Hong Kong
Known forResearch on SARS
Scientific career
FieldsMicrobiology
InstitutionsUniversity of Hong Kong

Career

Yuen graduated from the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Hong Kong in 1981 with distinction in Medicine. Initially trained as a surgeon, he switched successfully to a physician and, subsequently, a clinical microbiologist. He worked at the United Christian Hospital, and after 6 years service, left to join a research team at the Queen Mary Hospital.[2] In the outbreak of avian influenza virus H5N1 in 1997 in Hong Kong, Yuen was the first to report in the Lancet about the unusual clinical severity and high mortality of infected patients, which could be identified by the in-house molecular test at his laboratory.[3] Yuen became the Scientific co-director between the HKU-Pasteur Research Centre and the University of Hong Kong in 2000.Overseeing the research of microbes which are used by the Hong Kong government to control and contain epidemics.[4] During the global outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003, he led his team in the discovery of SARS-CoV-1,[5] and subsequently traced its genetic origins to wild bats.[6] For these achievements he was honoured by Time Asia magazine as one of its "Asian heroes of the year" in 2003.[5]

He has led his team in the discovery of other disease agents, such as the novel Human coronavirus HKU1, bat coronavirus HKU2 to HKU13, Laribacter hongkongensis and many other bacteria named after Hong Kong or China.[7]

Yuen is currently the Chair of Infectious Disease at the Department of Microbiology of the University of Hong Kong. He co-directs the State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Disease of China in Hong Kong. He is also a member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering (Medicine and Health section).

COVID-19 pandemic

Yuen is involved in the research on SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic.[8] He was an early advocate of wearing masks even by healthy individuals, citing asymptomatic cases and a large number of virus strands in saliva of an infected person.[9]

Yuen's information videos on preventing the spread of the virus are published on the website of the University of Hong Kong.[10]

Yuen caused controversy when he and co-author David Lung published an op-ed article titled "The pandemic originated from Wuhan and the lessons from 17 years ago have been forgotten." in the Chinese-language newspaper Ming Pao, stating that the trading and consumption of wild animals was a result of the inferior culture of Chinese people. The authors later retracted the article and apologised for the statement.[11]

In an interview with the BBC, Yuen accused the Chinese authorities of covering up the scale of the virus. He claimed that he alerted mainland health officials on 12 January 2020 to suspected human-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2. This warning was not made public until 19 January. He also accused the authorities of destroying evidence: "When we went to the Huanan supermarket, of course, there was nothing to see because the market was clean already. So, you may say that the crime scene is already disturbed. Because the seafood market was cleared, we cannot identify the animal host, which has given the virus to humans.", said Yuen.[12][13]

Yuen was one of the lead authors of an article in Clinical Infections Diseases, published in August 2020, which described the first proven case of a COVID-19 reinfection of a patient with a different strain of SARS-CoV-2.[14]

Timeline

On 6 December 2020, during the fourth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong, Yuen said that the wave had been expected and urged the public to remain vigilant with regard to social contacts on Christmas. At the same time, he expressed his confidence that the wave would remain under control if the city went back to the social distancing measures that had been in place in July.[15]

In an opinion article published by Kwong together with fellow microbiologists Lung and Kelvin Chiu in Ming Pao on 25 August 2021, the authors argued that it would be impossible to eradicate COVID-19 due to the constant appearance of new strains, as well as the presence of asymptomatic cases, which distinguished it from smallpox, the only disease which had been successfully eradicated. They urged Hongkongers to get vaccinated as soon as possible.[16]

On 22 November 2021, a public health investigation concluded with the finding that one of two cases of the Omicron variant at a quarantine hotel had likely been infected by the other. The first case had been wearing valve-equipped face masks, and sometimes none, when stepping out of his room, which allegedly led to a contamination of the corridor and the infection of a person staying in the opposite room. Yuen ascribed the transmission to the use of valve masks, which he called "selfish" by design as they did not filter the exhaled air, which he said was "not good".[17] On 24 November, the Centre for Health Protection forbade the use of valve masks effective from the following day, and exhorted the public to refrain from using them.[18]

On 29 November 2021, a team led by Yuen succeeded in isolating the Omicron variant.[19]

On 19 January 2022, Yuen published a statement justifying the culling of 2,000 hamsters by the Hong Kong government sparking backlash from animal rights activist groups.[20]

On 23 January 2022, Yuen warned that if a recent outbreak with the Omicron variant in Kwai Chung Estate with over 100 cases failed to be contained, this could result in that outbreak to last up to three months and to have a major impact on businesses.[21] He reiterated his earlier statements that the SARS-CoV-2 virus was there to stay, and questioned the heavy focus of the government on zero coronavirus cases; the zero-Covid policy should be considered as a means to "buy time" to increase the vaccination rate, not as a way for anti-pandemic measures to end.[22] In relation to Chief Executive Carrie Lam having removed her mask after taking her seat at a press briefing a day earlier, Yuen assessed the risk of transmission in that situation as low but urged experts and leaders to "set an example" themselves by wearing a mask, as he himself would wear two.[23]

On 10 February 2022, Yuen suggested that, in view of insufficient resources to handle the pandemic, the infected with no or mild COVID-19 symptoms isolate at home and unvaccinated elderly, or chronic patients they live with, be moved to spaces at centres such as AsiaWorld-Expo to avoid cross-infection.[24][25]

In an article published in early March 2022, Yuen and his team identified Omicron variants with specific spike proteins that will give it antibody evasive properties. This finding showed how the new Omicron variant can lower the efficiency of vaccines in use.[26]

On 15 July, Yuen and his team published an article outlining the next course of action for the Hong Kong government during COVID- 19. His team commented on the fact that Covid-19 cannot be cleared completely, and the government should shift their priority from lowering cases to boosting vaccination rates to achieve hybrid-immunity.[27]

On 5 December, Yuen and his team helped create a nasal spray that is effective against Omicron. The vaccine has gained the approval of the Chinese National Medical Products administration and is projected to manufacture 200 million doses by Wantai BioPharm. This advancement showed that Hong Kong now has the capabilities to create its own vaccine for use in the pandemic for the first time.[28][29]

See also

References
  1. "Health expert inspects markets". news.gov.hk. 4 August 2020. Archived from the original on 7 October 2020. Retrieved 22 December 2020.
  2. "時代的記錄 - 鏗鏘說：袁國勇 - 穹蒼看星". 香港電台 (in Chinese (Hong Kong)). 10 February 2019. Archived from the original on 9 February 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2020.
  3. Yuen, KY; Chan, PKS; Peiris, M; Tsang, DNC; Que, TL; Shortridge, KF; Cheung, PT; To, WK; Ho, ETF; Sung, R; Cheng, AFB (February 1998). "Clinical features and rapid viral diagnosis of human disease associated with avian influenza A H5N1 virus". The Lancet. 351 (9101): 467–471. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(98)01182-9. PMID 9482437. S2CID 24198615.
  4. "Department of Microbiology". www.microbiology.hku.hk. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
  5. Tsang, Emily (24 March 2018). "With vigilance slipping and a hard-pressed health system, is Hong Kong ready for the next deadly epidemic?". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 8 December 2020.
  6. Bradsher, Keith (28 March 2013). "Hong Kong, Shaken by SARS Outbreak in '03, Keeps Wary Eye on New Virus". The New York Times. Retrieved 8 December 2020.
  7. "Professor YUEN, Kwok-Yung". Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong.
  8. Leung, Kanis (29 January 2020). "Effectiveness of virus drugs 'could be gauged within weeks' with tests to begin". South China Morning Post.
  9. Li, Isabelle; Zhao, Zuoyan (10 March 2020). "Q&A with HK microbiologist Yuen Kwok-yung who helped confirm coronavirus' human spread". The Straits Times.
  10. "What preventive measures should I take other than wearing masks and washing hands frequently? (and other Information videos by Yuen)". The University of Hong Kong. 12 February 2020. Retrieved 4 March 2020.
  11. Cheung, Gary; Cheung, Elizabeth (19 March 2020). "Coronavirus: leading Hong Kong microbiologist retracts op-ed claiming pandemic began in Wuhan". South China Morning Post. South China Morning Post Publishers Ltd. Archived from the original on 20 June 2020. Retrieved 20 June 2020.
  12. Mathers, Matt (27 July 2020). "Coronavirus: Wuhan officials tried to 'cover up' truth about disease, says expert". The Independent. Archived from the original on 7 May 2022. Retrieved 21 December 2020.
  13. Smith, Nicola; Johnson, Jamie (28 July 2020). "Chinese authorities 'covered up' coronavirus cases in Wuhan and did not warn public of risk for a week, claims scientist". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 28 July 2020.
  14. "Hong Kong researchers report first known COVID-19 reinfection". Deutsche Welle (dw.com). 24 August 2020. Retrieved 8 December 2020.
  15. Chau, Candice (7 December 2020). "Covid-19: Fines to rise to HK$5k, test kits roll out in MTR stations, as expert urges vigilance over Christmas". Hong Kong Free Press. Retrieved 8 December 2020.
  16. Cheng, Selina (26 August 2021). "Covid-19: Herd-immunity and eradication impossible, say Hong Kong experts; same-day jabs for students from Friday". Hong Kong Free Press. Retrieved 27 August 2021.
  17. Cheng, Amy (24 November 2021). "A Hong Kong quarantine hotel guest went maskless and wore a 'selfish' valve mask. His neighbor got covid". Washington Post. Retrieved 27 November 2021.
  18. Magramo, Kathleen (24 November 2021). "Coronavirus: Hong Kong bans 'selfish' valve-style masks from Covid-19 quarantine hotels". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 27 November 2021.
  19. "HKU research team isolates Omicron variant". RTHK. 1 December 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
  20. "Hong Kong hamster cull necessary to prevent 'another disaster', expert says". South China Morning Post. 20 January 2022. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
  21. "It may take three months before fifth wave comes under control: Yuen Kwok-yung". The Standard. 23 January 2022. Retrieved 25 January 2022.
  22. Lee, Peter (24 January 2022). "Fixating on zero Covid is 'useless' says top Hong Kong microbiologist, focus on vaccination rate instead". Hong Kong Free Press. Retrieved 25 January 2022.
  23. "Covid-19: Leaders should wear masks to set an example, says top expert as Lam shuns masks at press cons". Hong Kong Free Press. 24 January 2022. Retrieved 25 January 2022.
  24. "Patients stay home, their families go to camp: expert". RTHK. 10 February 2022. Retrieved 10 February 2022.
  25. Lee, Peter (10 February 2022). "Covid-19: Hong Kong's leader apologises over long waits for tests and quarantine, as new social distancing rules kick in". Hong Kong Free Press. Retrieved 10 February 2022.
  26. Iketani, Sho; Liu, Lihong; Guo, Yicheng; Liu, Liyuan; Chan, Jasper F.-W.; Huang, Yiming; Wang, Maple; Luo, Yang; Yu, Jian; Chu, Hin; Chik, Kenn K.-H.; Yuen, Terrence T.-T.; Yin, Michael T.; Sobieszczyk, Magdalena E.; Huang, Yaoxing; Yuen, Kwok-Yung; Wang, Harris H.; Sheng, Zizhang; Ho, David D. (3 March 2022). "Antibody evasion properties of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineages". Nature. 604 (7906): 553–556. Bibcode:2022Natur.604..553I. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-04594-4. ISSN 1476-4687. PMC 9021018. PMID 35240676.
  27. Hung, Ivan; Lung, David Christopher; Siddharth, Sridhar; Yuen, Kwok-Yung. "Beyond Hong Kong's Covid-19 Fifth Wave: Coping with the Coronavirus". www.asiaglobalonline.hku.hk. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
  28. "Intranasal Covid19 vaccine developed by HKU team approved for emergency use in the Mainland - Press Releases - Media - HKU". www.hku.hk. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
  29. "Covid nasal vaccine co-developed by Hong Kong gets go-ahead in mainland China". South China Morning Post. 6 December 2022. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
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