ECMAScript for XML

ECMAScript for XML (E4X) is the standard ISO/IEC 22537:2006 programming language extension that adds native XML support to ECMAScript (which includes ActionScript, JavaScript, and JScript). The goal is to provide an alternative to DOM interfaces that uses a simpler syntax for accessing XML documents. It also offers a new way of making XML visible. Before the release of E4X, XML was always accessed at an object level. E4X instead treats XML as a primitive (like characters, integers, and booleans). This implies faster access, better support, and acceptance as a building block (data structure) of a program.

E4X is standardized by Ecma International in the ECMA-357 standard. The first edition was published in June 2004, the second edition in December 2005.

The E4X standard was deprecated by the Mozilla Foundation in 2014.[1]

Browser support

E4X is supported by Mozilla's Rhino, used in OpenOffice.org and several other projects. It is also supported by Tamarin, the JavaScript engine used in the Flash virtual machine. It is not supported by other common engines like Nitro (Safari), V8 (Google Chrome), Carakan (Opera), Chakra (Internet Explorer and pre-Chromium Edge).[2]

E4X was also supported by SpiderMonkey (used in Firefox and Thunderbird), but has been removed. In Firefox 10, E4X syntax was no longer accepted in SpiderMonkey when ECMAScript 5 "strict mode" is enabled.[3] According to Brendan Eich, "This thus signals start of deprecation for E4X in SpiderMonkey."[4] and "has been disabled by default for webpages (content) in Firefox 17, disabled by default for chrome in Firefox 20, and has been removed in Firefox 21"[5]

Example

 
var sales = <sales vendor="John">
    <item type="peas" price="4" quantity="6"/>
    <item type="carrot" price="3" quantity="10"/>
    <item type="chips" price="5" quantity="3"/>
  </sales>;

alert( sales.item.(@type == "carrot").@quantity );
alert( sales.@vendor );
for each( var price in sales..@price ) {
  alert( price );
}
delete sales.item[0];
sales.item += <item type="oranges" price="4"/>;
sales.item.(@type == "oranges").@quantity = 4;

Implementations

The first implementation of E4X was designed by Terry Lucas and John Schneider and appeared in BEA's Weblogic Workshop 7.0 released in February 2002. BEA's implementation was based on Rhino and released before the ECMAScript E4X spec was completed in June 2004. John Schneider wrote an article on the XML extensions in BEA's Workshop at the time.

  • E4X was implemented in SpiderMonkey (Gecko's JavaScript engine) since version 1.6.0[6] until version 20, and is in Rhino (Mozilla's other JavaScript engine written in Java instead of C) since version 1.6R1.[7]
  • As Mozilla Firefox is based on Gecko, older versions could be used to run scripts using E4X. But this feature is deprecated since release 16 and removed in release 18.
  • Adobe's ActionScript 3 scripting language fully supports E4X. Early previews of ActionScript 3 were first made available in late 2005. Adobe officially released the language with Flash Player 9 on June 28, 2006.
  • E4X is available in Flash CS3, Adobe AIR and Adobe Flex as they use ActionScript 3 as a scripting language.
  • E4X is also available in Adobe Acrobat and Adobe Reader versions 8.0 or higher (notably[8] Forward Ported from SpiderMonkey version 17[9] and suggested may be dropped in the near future).
  • E4X is also available in Aptana's Jaxer Ajax application server which uses the Mozilla engine server-side.
  • Since the release of Alfresco Community Edition 2.9B, E4X is also available in this enterprise document management system.
  • E4X is available as part of Mirth Connect's JavaScript message transformation engine.

See also
  • JSX – an XML based markup specifically for DOM manipulation

References
  1. "E4X – Archive of obsolete content – MDN". Mozilla. Retrieved 10 September 2014.
  2. "Issue 30975: Implement E4X Support for scripts and extensions". Google. Retrieved 21 May 2012.
  3. "Firefox 10 for developers". Mozilla. Archived from the original on 5 May 2012. Retrieved 21 May 2012.
  4. "Bug 695577 – E4X syntax should not be accepted in ES5 strict mode". Mozilla. Retrieved 21 May 2012.
  5. "E4X". Mozilla. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
  6. SpiderMonkey 1.6.0 release notes Archived 2009-04-15 at the Wayback Machine
  7. Rhino 1.6R1 Change log
  8. "Acrobat Help / New features summary". Retrieved 2015-07-16.
  9. "15.008.20082 Planned Update, July 14, 2015". Retrieved 2015-07-16.
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