Cerium(III) bromide

Cerium(III) bromide
Names
	IUPAC names Cerium(III) bromide; Cerium tribromide
	Other names Cerous bromide
Identifiers
CAS Number	14457-87-5 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChemSpider	76185 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.034.936
EC Number	238-447-0;
PubChem CID	292780;
UNII	GEM75FEL39 ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID60932338 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/3BrH.Ce/h31H;/q;;;+3/p-3 Key: MOOUSOJAOQPDEH-UHFFFAOYSA-K ; InChI=1/3BrH.Ce/h31H;/q;;;+3/p-3 Key: MOOUSOJAOQPDEH-DFZHHIFOAB;
	SMILES [Ce+3].[Br-].[Br-].[Br-];
Properties
Chemical formula	CeBr3
Molar mass	379.828 g/mol
Appearance	grey to white solid, hygroscopic
Density	5.1 g/cm3, solid
Melting point	722 °C (1,332 °F; 995 K)
Boiling point	1,457 °C (2,655 °F; 1,730 K)
Solubility in water	4.56 mol kg−1 (153.8 g/100 g)[1]
Structure
Crystal structure	hexagonal (UCl3 type), hP8
Space group	P63/m, No. 176
Coordination geometry	Tricapped trigonal prismatic; (nine-coordinate)
Hazards
	GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Warning
Hazard statements	H315, H319, H335
Flash point	Non-flammable
Related compounds
Other anions	Cerium(III) fluoride; Cerium(III) chloride; Cerium(III) iodide
Other cations	Lanthanum(III) bromide; Praseodymium(III) bromide
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Cerium(III) bromide is an inorganic compound with the formula CeBr₃. This white hygroscopic solid is of interest as a component of scintillation counters.

Preparation and basic properties

The compound has been known since at least 1899, when Muthman and Stützel reported its preparation from cerium sulfide and gaseous HBr.[2] Aqueous solutions of CeBr₃ can be prepared from the reaction of Ce₂(CO₃)₃·H₂O with HBr. The product, CeBr₃·H₂O can be dehydrated by heating with NH₄Br followed by sublimation of residual NH₄Br. CeBr₃ can be distilled at reduced pressure (~ 0.1 Pa) in a quartz ampoule at 875-880 °C.[3] Like the related salt CeCl₃, the bromide absorbs water on exposure to moist air. The compound melts congruently at 722 °C, and well ordered single crystals may be produced using standard crystal growth methods like Bridgman or Czochralski.

CeBr₃ adopts the hexagonal, UCl₃-type crystal structure with the P6₃/m space group.[4][5] The cerium ions are 9-coordinate and adopt a tricapped trigonal prismatic geometry.[6] The cerium–bromine bond lengths are 3.11 Å and 3.16 Å.[7]

Applications

CeBr₃-doped lanthanum bromide single crystals are known to exhibit superior scintillation properties for applications in the security, medical imaging, and geophysics detectors.[8][9]

Undoped single crystals of CeBr₃ have shown promise as a γ-ray scintillation detector in nuclear non-proliferation testing, medical imaging, environmental remediation, and oil exploration.[10]

Suppliers

Sigma-Aldrich

References

Mioduski, Tomasz; Gumiński, Cezary; Zeng, Dewen; Voigt, Heidelore (2013). "IUPAC-NIST Solubility Data Series. 94. Rare Earth Metal Iodides and Bromides in Water and Aqueous Systems. Part 2. Bromides". Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data. AIP Publishing. 42 (1): 013101. doi:10.1063/1.4766752. ISSN 0047-2689.
Muthmann, W.; Stützel, L. (1899). "Eine einfache Methode zur Darstellung der Schwefel-, Chlor- und Brom-Verbindungen der Ceritmetalle". Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft (in German). Wiley. 32 (3): 3413–3419. doi:10.1002/cber.189903203115. ISSN 0365-9496.
Rycerz, L.; Ingier-Stocka, E.; Berkani, M.; Gaune-Escard, M. (2007). "Thermodynamic Functions of Congruently Melting Compounds Formed in the CeBr₃−KBr Binary System". Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data. American Chemical Society (ACS). 52 (4): 1209–1212. doi:10.1021/je600517u. ISSN 0021-9568.
Morosin, B. (1968). "Crystal Structures of Anhydrous Rare‐Earth Chlorides". The Journal of Chemical Physics. AIP Publishing. 49 (7): 3007–3012. doi:10.1063/1.1670543. ISSN 0021-9606.
Wells, A. F. (1984). Structural Inorganic Chemistry (5th ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 421. ISBN 978-0-19-965763-6.
Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 1240–1241. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
Zachariasen, W. H. (1948). "Crystal chemical studies of the 5f-series of elements. I. New structure types". Acta Crystallogr. 1 (5): 265–268. doi:10.1107/S0365110X48000703.
van Loef, E. V. D.; Dorenbos, P.; van Eijk, C. W. E.; Krämer, K.; Güdel, H. U. (2001-09-03). "High-energy-resolution scintillator: Ce³⁺ activated LaBr₃". Applied Physics Letters. AIP Publishing. 79 (10): 1573–1575. doi:10.1063/1.1385342. ISSN 0003-6951.
Menge, Peter R.; Gautier, G.; Iltis, A.; Rozsa, C.; Solovyev, V. (2007). "Performance of large lanthanum bromide scintillators". Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. Elsevier BV. 579 (1): 6–10. doi:10.1016/j.nima.2007.04.002. ISSN 0168-9002.
Higgins, W.M.; Churilov, A.; van Loef, E.; Glodo, J.; Squillante, M.; Shah, K. (2008). "Crystal growth of large diameter LaBr₃:Ce and CeBr₃". Journal of Crystal Growth. Elsevier BV. 310 (7–9): 2085–2089. doi:10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2007.12.041. ISSN 0022-0248.

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[1] Mioduski, Tomasz; Gumiński, Cezary; Zeng, Dewen; Voigt, Heidelore (2013). "IUPAC-NIST Solubility Data Series. 94. Rare Earth Metal Iodides and Bromides in Water and Aqueous Systems. Part 2. Bromides". Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data. AIP Publishing. 42 (1): 013101. doi:10.1063/1.4766752. ISSN 0047-2689.

[2] Muthmann, W.; Stützel, L. (1899). "Eine einfache Methode zur Darstellung der Schwefel-, Chlor- und Brom-Verbindungen der Ceritmetalle". Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft (in German). Wiley. 32 (3): 3413–3419. doi:10.1002/cber.189903203115. ISSN 0365-9496.

[3] Rycerz, L.; Ingier-Stocka, E.; Berkani, M.; Gaune-Escard, M. (2007). "Thermodynamic Functions of Congruently Melting Compounds Formed in the CeBr₃−KBr Binary System". Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data. American Chemical Society (ACS). 52 (4): 1209–1212. doi:10.1021/je600517u. ISSN 0021-9568.

[4] Morosin, B. (1968). "Crystal Structures of Anhydrous Rare‐Earth Chlorides". The Journal of Chemical Physics. AIP Publishing. 49 (7): 3007–3012. doi:10.1063/1.1670543. ISSN 0021-9606.

[Wells421-5] Wells, A. F. (1984). Structural Inorganic Chemistry (5th ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 421. ISBN 978-0-19-965763-6.

[G&E1241-6] Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 1240–1241. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.

[7] Zachariasen, W. H. (1948). "Crystal chemical studies of the 5f-series of elements. I. New structure types". Acta Crystallogr. 1 (5): 265–268. doi:10.1107/S0365110X48000703.

[8] van Loef, E. V. D.; Dorenbos, P.; van Eijk, C. W. E.; Krämer, K.; Güdel, H. U. (2001-09-03). "High-energy-resolution scintillator: Ce³⁺ activated LaBr₃". Applied Physics Letters. AIP Publishing. 79 (10): 1573–1575. doi:10.1063/1.1385342. ISSN 0003-6951.

[9] Menge, Peter R.; Gautier, G.; Iltis, A.; Rozsa, C.; Solovyev, V. (2007). "Performance of large lanthanum bromide scintillators". Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. Elsevier BV. 579 (1): 6–10. doi:10.1016/j.nima.2007.04.002. ISSN 0168-9002.

[10] Higgins, W.M.; Churilov, A.; van Loef, E.; Glodo, J.; Squillante, M.; Shah, K. (2008). "Crystal growth of large diameter LaBr₃:Ce and CeBr₃". Journal of Crystal Growth. Elsevier BV. 310 (7–9): 2085–2089. doi:10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2007.12.041. ISSN 0022-0248.