1988 United States presidential election in Missouri
The 1988 United States presidential election in Missouri took place on November 8, 1988. All 50 states and the District of Columbia, were part of the 1988 United States presidential election. Voters chose 11 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.
 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 County Results
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Elections in Missouri |
|---|
 |
Missouri was won by incumbent United States Vice President George H. W. Bush of Texas, who was running against Massachusetts Governor Michael Dukakis. Bush ran with Indiana Senator Dan Quayle as Vice President, and Dukakis ran with Texas Senator Lloyd Bentsen.
Missouri weighed in for this election as almost 4% more Democratic than the national average.
The presidential election of 1988 was a very partisan election for Missouri, with more than 99% of the electorate voting for either the Democratic or Republican parties, and only three parties total appearing on the ballot.[1] In typical form for the time, the more rural counties in Missouri turned out for the Republican candidate, while the more populated centers of the city of St. Louis (though, notably, not St. Louis County), and Kansas City, voted overwhelmingly Democratic. As of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last election in which St. Louis County voted for a Republican presidential candidate.
Bush won the election in the battleground state of Missouri by a narrow 4-point margin, far below the margin of victory Reagan achieved just four years earlier. Bush's loss of many northern rural counties, combined with Dukakis's strong performance in the St. Louis city area, resulted in an unusually close result in the state given the national environment. A longtime bellwether state, Missouri voted for the national winner of every presidential election from 1904 to 2004, except 1956.
Through the passage of some controversial economic programs spearheaded by President Ronald Reagan (collectively called "Reaganomics"), the mid-to-late 1980s saw a period of economic growth and stability. The hallmark for Reaganomics was, in part, the wide-scale deregulation of corporate interests, and tax cuts for the wealthy.[2] Dukakis ran on a socially liberal platform, and advocated for higher economic regulation and environmental protection. Bush ran on a very similar platform to Reagan, boosting his support with social conservatives.
Results
| 1988 United States presidential election in Missouri | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Votes | Percentage | Electoral votes | |
| Republican | George H. W. Bush | 1,084,953 | 51.83% | 11 | |
| Democratic | Michael Dukakis | 1,001,619 | 47.85% | 0 | |
| New Alliance Party | Lenora Fulani | 6,656 | 0.32% | 0 | |
| Totals | 2,093,228 | 100.0% | 11 | ||
Results by county
| County | George Herbert Walker Bush Republican |
Michael Stanley Dukakis Democratic |
Leonora Branch Fulani New Alliance |
Margin | Total votes cast[3] | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | ||
| Adair | 4,721 | 56.65% | 3,571 | 42.85% | 42 | 0.50% | 1,150 | 13.80% | 8,334 |
| Andrew | 3,407 | 52.08% | 3,108 | 47.51% | 27 | 0.41% | 299 | 4.57% | 6,542 |
| Atchison | 1,761 | 54.37% | 1,468 | 45.32% | 10 | 0.31% | 293 | 9.05% | 3,239 |
| Audrain | 5,072 | 49.11% | 5,226 | 50.61% | 29 | 0.28% | -154 | -1.49% | 10,327 |
| Barry | 7,231 | 63.00% | 4,210 | 36.68% | 36 | 0.31% | 3,021 | 26.32% | 11,477 |
| Barton | 3,339 | 67.35% | 1,603 | 32.33% | 16 | 0.32% | 1,736 | 35.01% | 4,958 |
| Bates | 3,574 | 51.57% | 3,332 | 48.08% | 24 | 0.35% | 242 | 3.49% | 6,930 |
| Benton | 3,467 | 56.42% | 2,654 | 43.19% | 24 | 0.39% | 813 | 13.23% | 6,145 |
| Bollinger | 2,710 | 58.94% | 1,883 | 40.95% | 5 | 0.11% | 827 | 17.99% | 4,598 |
| Boone | 22,948 | 48.35% | 24,370 | 51.35% | 140 | 0.29% | -1,422 | -3.00% | 47,458 |
| Buchanan | 15,336 | 44.99% | 18,601 | 54.57% | 152 | 0.45% | -3,265 | -9.58% | 34,089 |
| Butler | 7,968 | 58.00% | 5,751 | 41.86% | 19 | 0.14% | 2,217 | 16.14% | 13,738 |
| Caldwell | 2,074 | 54.38% | 1,726 | 45.25% | 14 | 0.37% | 348 | 9.12% | 3,814 |
| Callaway | 6,687 | 56.01% | 5,209 | 43.63% | 42 | 0.35% | 1,478 | 12.38% | 11,938 |
| Camden | 7,773 | 66.10% | 3,930 | 33.42% | 56 | 0.48% | 3,843 | 32.68% | 11,759 |
| Cape Girardeau | 16,583 | 67.53% | 7,904 | 32.19% | 69 | 0.28% | 8,679 | 35.34% | 24,556 |
| Carroll | 2,811 | 54.59% | 2,330 | 45.25% | 8 | 0.16% | 481 | 9.34% | 5,149 |
| Carter | 1,429 | 56.53% | 1,087 | 43.00% | 12 | 0.47% | 342 | 13.53% | 2,528 |
| Cass | 12,799 | 55.75% | 10,092 | 43.96% | 67 | 0.29% | 2,707 | 11.79% | 22,958 |
| Cedar | 2,966 | 62.52% | 1,774 | 37.39% | 4 | 0.08% | 1,192 | 25.13% | 4,744 |
| Chariton | 2,193 | 48.14% | 2,347 | 51.53% | 15 | 0.33% | -154 | -3.38% | 4,555 |
| Christian | 7,670 | 61.66% | 4,724 | 37.97% | 46 | 0.37% | 2,946 | 23.68% | 12,440 |
| Clark | 1,493 | 43.52% | 1,925 | 56.11% | 13 | 0.38% | -432 | -12.59% | 3,431 |
| Clay | 30,293 | 50.26% | 29,620 | 49.15% | 357 | 0.59% | 673 | 1.12% | 60,270 |
| Clinton | 3,282 | 47.15% | 3,653 | 52.48% | 26 | 0.37% | -371 | -5.33% | 6,961 |
| Cole | 18,023 | 68.16% | 8,359 | 31.61% | 59 | 0.22% | 9,664 | 36.55% | 26,441 |
| Cooper | 3,737 | 59.64% | 2,510 | 40.06% | 19 | 0.30% | 1,227 | 19.58% | 6,266 |
| Crawford | 3,856 | 55.19% | 3,107 | 44.47% | 24 | 0.34% | 749 | 10.72% | 6,987 |
| Dade | 2,154 | 61.97% | 1,315 | 37.83% | 7 | 0.20% | 839 | 24.14% | 3,476 |
| Dallas | 2,898 | 55.55% | 2,293 | 43.95% | 26 | 0.50% | 605 | 11.60% | 5,217 |
| Daviess | 1,765 | 50.17% | 1,743 | 49.55% | 10 | 0.28% | 22 | 0.63% | 3,518 |
| DeKalb | 1,863 | 48.48% | 1,970 | 51.26% | 10 | 0.26% | -107 | -2.78% | 3,843 |
| Dent | 2,975 | 54.92% | 2,421 | 44.69% | 21 | 0.39% | 554 | 10.23% | 5,417 |
| Douglas | 3,225 | 64.85% | 1,735 | 34.89% | 13 | 0.26% | 1,490 | 29.96% | 4,973 |
| Dunklin | 5,026 | 48.70% | 5,281 | 51.17% | 13 | 0.13% | -255 | -2.47% | 10,320 |
| Franklin | 16,611 | 58.06% | 11,891 | 41.56% | 108 | 0.38% | 4,720 | 16.50% | 28,610 |
| Gasconade | 4,216 | 72.01% | 1,621 | 27.69% | 18 | 0.31% | 2,595 | 44.32% | 5,855 |
| Gentry | 1,554 | 45.27% | 1,872 | 54.53% | 7 | 0.20% | -318 | -9.26% | 3,433 |
| Greene | 52,211 | 59.36% | 35,475 | 40.33% | 267 | 0.30% | 16,736 | 19.03% | 87,953 |
| Grundy | 2,668 | 56.38% | 2,052 | 43.36% | 12 | 0.25% | 616 | 13.02% | 4,732 |
| Harrison | 2,271 | 55.89% | 1,776 | 43.71% | 16 | 0.39% | 495 | 12.18% | 4,063 |
| Henry | 4,167 | 50.04% | 4,135 | 49.65% | 26 | 0.31% | 32 | 0.38% | 8,328 |
| Hickory | 2,043 | 54.82% | 1,677 | 45.00% | 7 | 0.19% | 366 | 9.82% | 3,727 |
| Holt | 1,583 | 55.54% | 1,258 | 44.14% | 9 | 0.32% | 325 | 11.40% | 2,850 |
| Howard | 1,865 | 43.15% | 2,446 | 56.59% | 11 | 0.25% | -581 | -13.44% | 4,322 |
| Howell | 7,277 | 62.49% | 4,324 | 37.13% | 44 | 0.38% | 2,953 | 25.36% | 11,645 |
| Iron | 1,877 | 45.01% | 2,283 | 54.75% | 10 | 0.24% | -406 | -9.74% | 4,170 |
| Jackson | 107,810 | 42.02% | 147,964 | 57.67% | 793 | 0.31% | -40,154 | -15.65% | 256,567 |
| Jasper | 19,934 | 63.92% | 11,159 | 35.78% | 94 | 0.30% | 8,775 | 28.14% | 31,187 |
| Jefferson | 29,279 | 51.16% | 27,738 | 48.47% | 215 | 0.38% | 1,541 | 2.69% | 57,232 |
| Johnson | 7,512 | 58.14% | 5,373 | 41.58% | 36 | 0.28% | 2,139 | 16.55% | 12,921 |
| Knox | 1,212 | 49.03% | 1,255 | 50.77% | 5 | 0.20% | -43 | -1.74% | 2,472 |
| Laclede | 6,070 | 63.65% | 3,442 | 36.09% | 24 | 0.25% | 2,628 | 27.56% | 9,536 |
| Lafayette | 6,825 | 54.54% | 5,654 | 45.18% | 35 | 0.28% | 1,171 | 9.36% | 12,514 |
| Lawrence | 6,911 | 60.73% | 4,432 | 38.95% | 36 | 0.32% | 2,479 | 21.79% | 11,379 |
| Lewis | 1,803 | 42.20% | 2,460 | 57.57% | 10 | 0.23% | -657 | -15.38% | 4,273 |
| Lincoln | 5,305 | 53.38% | 4,605 | 46.34% | 28 | 0.28% | 700 | 7.04% | 9,938 |
| Linn | 3,061 | 49.15% | 3,150 | 50.58% | 17 | 0.27% | -89 | -1.43% | 6,228 |
| Livingston | 3,462 | 52.88% | 3,077 | 47.00% | 8 | 0.12% | 385 | 5.88% | 6,547 |
| Macon | 3,406 | 51.30% | 3,215 | 48.43% | 18 | 0.27% | 191 | 2.88% | 6,639 |
| Madison | 2,528 | 53.75% | 2,167 | 46.08% | 8 | 0.17% | 361 | 7.68% | 4,703 |
| Maries | 1,919 | 55.14% | 1,552 | 44.60% | 9 | 0.26% | 367 | 10.55% | 3,480 |
| Marion | 5,034 | 47.16% | 5,617 | 52.62% | 23 | 0.22% | -583 | -5.46% | 10,674 |
| McDonald | 3,812 | 61.95% | 2,299 | 37.36% | 42 | 0.68% | 1,513 | 24.59% | 6,153 |
| Mercer | 875 | 49.89% | 877 | 50.00% | 2 | 0.11% | -2 | -0.11% | 1,754 |
| Miller | 5,662 | 68.82% | 2,555 | 31.06% | 10 | 0.12% | 3,107 | 37.77% | 8,227 |
| Mississippi | 2,218 | 43.99% | 2,814 | 55.81% | 10 | 0.20% | -596 | -11.82% | 5,042 |
| Moniteau | 3,502 | 64.30% | 1,936 | 35.55% | 8 | 0.15% | 1,566 | 28.76% | 5,446 |
| Monroe | 1,542 | 38.42% | 2,461 | 61.31% | 11 | 0.27% | -919 | -22.89% | 4,014 |
| Montgomery | 2,714 | 56.66% | 2,064 | 43.09% | 12 | 0.25% | 650 | 13.57% | 4,790 |
| Morgan | 3,958 | 60.13% | 2,604 | 39.56% | 20 | 0.30% | 1,354 | 20.57% | 6,582 |
| New Madrid | 3,387 | 46.99% | 3,812 | 52.89% | 9 | 0.12% | -425 | -5.90% | 7,208 |
| Newton | 10,617 | 64.36% | 5,798 | 35.15% | 82 | 0.50% | 4,819 | 29.21% | 16,497 |
| Nodaway | 4,103 | 48.92% | 4,240 | 50.55% | 44 | 0.52% | -137 | -1.63% | 8,387 |
| Oregon | 1,717 | 45.59% | 2,042 | 54.22% | 7 | 0.19% | -325 | -8.63% | 3,766 |
| Osage | 3,885 | 68.58% | 1,771 | 31.26% | 9 | 0.16% | 2,114 | 37.32% | 5,665 |
| Ozark | 2,404 | 64.21% | 1,329 | 35.50% | 11 | 0.29% | 1,075 | 28.71% | 3,744 |
| Pemiscot | 3,066 | 48.18% | 3,288 | 51.67% | 10 | 0.16% | -222 | -3.49% | 6,364 |
| Perry | 3,836 | 64.08% | 2,136 | 35.68% | 14 | 0.23% | 1,700 | 28.40% | 5,986 |
| Pettis | 9,648 | 63.47% | 5,486 | 36.09% | 66 | 0.43% | 4,162 | 27.38% | 15,200 |
| Phelps | 8,329 | 58.44% | 5,867 | 41.16% | 57 | 0.40% | 2,462 | 17.27% | 14,253 |
| Pike | 3,271 | 46.07% | 3,816 | 53.75% | 13 | 0.18% | -545 | -7.68% | 7,100 |
| Platte | 11,838 | 51.18% | 11,225 | 48.53% | 66 | 0.29% | 613 | 2.65% | 23,129 |
| Polk | 5,030 | 59.39% | 3,419 | 40.37% | 21 | 0.25% | 1,611 | 19.02% | 8,470 |
| Pulaski | 4,642 | 57.22% | 3,446 | 42.48% | 24 | 0.30% | 1,196 | 14.74% | 8,112 |
| Putnam | 1,365 | 62.73% | 803 | 36.90% | 8 | 0.37% | 562 | 25.83% | 2,176 |
| Ralls | 1,494 | 37.44% | 2,489 | 62.38% | 7 | 0.18% | -995 | -24.94% | 3,990 |
| Randolph | 4,384 | 45.22% | 5,291 | 54.57% | 20 | 0.21% | -907 | -9.36% | 9,695 |
| Ray | 3,763 | 43.44% | 4,879 | 56.33% | 20 | 0.23% | -1,116 | -12.88% | 8,662 |
| Reynolds | 1,162 | 38.29% | 1,864 | 61.42% | 9 | 0.30% | -702 | -23.13% | 3,035 |
| Ripley | 2,647 | 57.29% | 1,961 | 42.45% | 12 | 0.26% | 686 | 14.85% | 4,620 |
| Saint Charles | 50,005 | 62.90% | 29,286 | 36.84% | 209 | 0.26% | 20,719 | 26.06% | 79,500 |
| Saint Clair | 2,312 | 55.27% | 1,864 | 44.56% | 7 | 0.17% | 448 | 10.71% | 4,183 |
| Saint Francois | 7,923 | 49.13% | 8,158 | 50.59% | 46 | 0.29% | -235 | -1.46% | 16,127 |
| Saint Louis County | 262,784 | 54.67% | 216,534 | 45.05% | 1,358 | 0.28% | 46,250 | 9.62% | 480,676 |
| Saint Louis City | 40,906 | 26.96% | 110,076 | 72.55% | 732 | 0.48% | -69,170 | -45.59% | 151,714 |
| Sainte Genevieve | 2,532 | 41.08% | 3,612 | 58.60% | 20 | 0.32% | -1,080 | -17.52% | 6,164 |
| Saline | 4,625 | 47.70% | 5,039 | 51.97% | 32 | 0.33% | -414 | -4.27% | 9,696 |
| Schuyler | 1,063 | 51.11% | 1,013 | 48.70% | 4 | 0.19% | 50 | 2.40% | 2,080 |
| Scotland | 1,248 | 52.61% | 1,117 | 47.09% | 7 | 0.30% | 131 | 5.52% | 2,372 |
| Scott | 8,013 | 57.45% | 5,914 | 42.40% | 21 | 0.15% | 2,099 | 15.05% | 13,948 |
| Shannon | 1,696 | 48.46% | 1,796 | 51.31% | 8 | 0.23% | -100 | -2.86% | 3,500 |
| Shelby | 1,586 | 46.54% | 1,818 | 53.35% | 4 | 0.12% | -232 | -6.81% | 3,408 |
| Stoddard | 5,822 | 55.25% | 4,701 | 44.61% | 15 | 0.14% | 1,121 | 10.64% | 10,538 |
| Stone | 5,080 | 63.49% | 2,889 | 36.11% | 32 | 0.40% | 2,191 | 27.38% | 8,001 |
| Sullivan | 1,897 | 54.75% | 1,562 | 45.08% | 6 | 0.17% | 335 | 9.67% | 3,465 |
| Taney | 7,043 | 66.17% | 3,555 | 33.40% | 46 | 0.43% | 3,488 | 32.77% | 10,644 |
| Texas | 4,584 | 53.91% | 3,887 | 45.71% | 32 | 0.38% | 697 | 8.20% | 8,503 |
| Vernon | 4,149 | 54.79% | 3,402 | 44.93% | 21 | 0.28% | 747 | 9.87% | 7,572 |
| Warren | 4,452 | 60.07% | 2,935 | 39.60% | 24 | 0.32% | 1,517 | 20.47% | 7,411 |
| Washington | 3,240 | 46.29% | 3,744 | 53.49% | 16 | 0.23% | -504 | -7.20% | 7,000 |
| Wayne | 2,648 | 51.80% | 2,456 | 48.04% | 8 | 0.16% | 192 | 3.76% | 5,112 |
| Webster | 5,123 | 56.70% | 3,890 | 43.05% | 22 | 0.24% | 1,233 | 13.65% | 9,035 |
| Worth | 677 | 47.98% | 732 | 51.88% | 2 | 0.14% | -55 | -3.90% | 1,411 |
| Wright | 4,151 | 64.92% | 2,232 | 34.91% | 11 | 0.17% | 1,919 | 30.01% | 6,394 |
| Totals | 1,084,953 | 51.83% | 1,001,619 | 47.85% | 6,656 | 0.32% | 83,334 | 3.98% | 2,093,228 |
References
- "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". Uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved July 21, 2013.
- "Since 1980s, the Kindest of Tax Cuts for the Rich". The New York Times. January 18, 2012. Retrieved July 21, 2013.
- Our Campaigns; MO US President 1988
