Venues of the 1956 Summer Olympics

Stockholm hosted the Summer Olympics in 1912.[13] Because of Australia's strict quarantine laws on horses, the International Olympic Committee in Athens in May 1954 selected the host of the 1912 Games to run the equestrian events.[14] Lake Wendouree was first used as a rowing venue in 1864 though the lake itself was not dammed and converted from a swamp until 1869 following a drought.[15]

The Cricket Ground was established in 1854 after two previous grounds in use were ruled unsuitable.[16] Football was first played at the Cricket Ground in 1859 while the first international cricket match in Australia took place in 1863.[17] Cycling races first took place in 1869 while the first Test Match took place in 1877.[17] Night football took place in 1879 while the first scoreboard in the world was erected in 1881 at the Cricket Ground along with sightboards and a telephone.[17] Australia's first athletics championships were held at the Cricket Ground in 1893 with Edwin Flack winning the one mile event.[17] Flack would win the 800 m and 1500 m events at the 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens.[18] Lacrosse made its debut at the Cricket Ground in 1907 when Australia played Canada.[17] In 1914, a baseball exhibition took place between the American Major League Baseball teams New York Giants and Chicago White Sox.[17] Radio was first broadcast at the Cricket Ground in 1924.[17] The inaugural women's Australian athletics championships took place in 1930.[17] In 1935, the first women's cricket test match took place at the Cricket Grounds.[17] During World War II in 1942-45, the Grounds were used as staging areas for Allied troops.[17] Support was given for the 1956 Summer Games in 1953.[17]

The first zoo in Melbourne was established in 1861.[19] A cycling track was constructed in 1896.[19] The official site was dedicated in 1909.[19] Motorsports events took place at the park during the 1920s and 1930s.[19] During World War II in 1941-6, the speedway was part of the Allied War effort.[19] Construction of the venues used for the 1956 Summer Games began in 1951.[19]

The Royal Exhibition Building was completed in 1880.[20] World's Fairs were held there in 1880 and in 1888.[21] During the Great Influenza Epidemic of 1919, the Exhibition Building was commandeered for medical usage.[22] By the 1940s, the building's condition had deteriorated to where it was referred as a "white elephant".[22]

Although cricket has not been part of an Olympic Games since 1900,[23] the Cricket Ground was a versatile venue for the 1956 Games. The Cricket Ground hosted between 85,001 and 107,100 for the athletic events.[17] Between 10,805 and 16,626 spectators attended the field hockey semifinals and medal matches.[17] The football final had an attendance of 104,700 spectators where the Soviet Union defeated Yugoslavia 4-1.[17]

The Olympic Park hosted aquatics, football, field hockey, and track cycling events during the 1956 Summer Games.[19]

A few of the venues that were used for the 1956 Olympics still survive. The former Olympic Swimming and Diving Stadium remains as part of the Holden Centre at the Olympic Park complex. The former athletes' village in Heidelberg West remains as public housing, and the small stadium there is home to the local football team, Heidelberg United FC.

Some of the buildings that predate the Olympics still stand, such as St Kilda Town Hall (where the fencing events were held) and West Melbourne Stadium (subsequently renamed Festival Hall).

Tennis debuted at the Olympic Park Stadium in 1985, and it then became a permanent venue for the Australian Open at Flinders Park.[19] The stadium has expanded to host other sports and musical events.[19]

Restoration work began on the Royal Exhibition Building in 1985 and was completed during the 1990s.[22] It is now a World Heritage Site as of July 2004.[22][24]