Timeline of operating systems

This article presents a timeline of events in the history of computer operating systems from 1951 to the current day. For a narrative explaining the overall developments, see the History of operating systems.

1950s

1960s

1970s

1980s

1990s

2000s
Year–monthWindowsAppleBSDLinuxOthers
2000–01
2000–02Windows 2000[34]Solaris 8
2000–03FreeBSD 4.0Red Hat Linux 6.2EAtheOS
BeOS R5
2000–04Pocket PC 2000
2000–05MenuetOS
2000–06Windows CE 3.0OpenBSD 2.7Plan 9 Third Edition[35]
2000–07Windows 2000 Service Pack 1OS/400 V4R5
2000–08Debian 2.2MorphOS 0.1[36]
2000–09Windows Millennium Edition[37]Mac OS X Public BetaSUSE Linux 7.0
2000–10z/OS
z/VM
MorphOS 0.2
2000–11
2000–12NetBSD 1.5
OpenBSD 2.8		AmigaOS 3.9[38]
HP-UX 11i
2001–01Mac OS 9.1
2001–02MorphOS 0.4[39]
2001–03Mac OS X Cheetah (v10.0)
2001–04
2001–05Windows 2000 Service Pack 2AIX 5L 5.1
OS/400 V5R1
2001–06OpenBSD 2.9
2001–07Mac OS 9.2eComStation 1.0
2001–08Haiku[40]
2001–09Mac OS X Puma (v10.1)
2001–10Pocket PC 2002
Windows XP[41]
Windows XP 64-bit Edition 2002[42]		Novell NetWare 6.0
2001–11
2001–12OpenBSD 3.0OS/2 4.52
2002–01Windows CE 4.xJX microkernel for Java
Sanos microkernel[43] for net appliances
K42 microkernel for NUMA machines
2002–02
2002–03Red Hat Enterprise Linux 2.1 AS
2002–04SUSE Linux 8.0Plan 9 Fourth Edition[44]
2002–05OpenBSD 3.1Solaris 9 (SPARC)
2002–06
2002–07Debian 3.0Syllable 0.4.0[45]
2002–08Windows 2000 Service Pack 3Mac OS X Jaguar[46] (v10.2)OS/400 V5R2
2002–09Windows XP Service Pack 1NetBSD 1.6OS2000
2002–10AIX 5.2
2002–11OpenBSD 3.2MorphOS 1.0
2002–12MorphOS 1.1
2003–01FreeBSD 5.0Solaris 9 (x86)
JNode[47] – JavaOS successor
2003–02MorphOS 1.2
ReactOS 0.1.0
2003–03Windows XP 64-bit Edition 2003[48]MorphOS 1.3
2003–04Windows Server 2003eComStation 1.1
2003–05OpenBSD 3.3Red Hat Enterprise Linux 2.1 ES
2003–06Windows 2000 Service Pack 4
Windows Mobile 2003		OpenVMS 8.0
2003–07
2003–08Novell NetWare 6.5
MorphOS 1.4
2003–09HP-UX 11i v2
2003–10Mac OS X Panther (v10.3)Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3
SUSE Linux 9.0
2003–11OpenBSD 3.4Fedora Core 1
2003–12Linux 2.6.0[49]XTS-400
2004–01Linux 2.6.1ReactOS 0.2.0
2004–02Linux 2.6.2, 2.6.3
2004–03Linux 2.6.4ReactOS 0.2.1
2004–04Linux 2.6.5ReactOS 0.2.2
2004–05OpenBSD 3.5Linux 2.6.6
Fedora Core 2
2004–06i5/OS V5R3
ReactOS 0.2.3
2004–07DragonFly BSD 1.0
2004–08Windows CE 5.x
Windows XP Service Pack 2		Linux 2.6.8AIX 5.3
eComStation 1.2
2004–09ReactOS 0.2.4
2004–10Linux 2.6.9
Ubuntu 4.10
2004–11OpenBSD 3.6Fedora Core 3
2004–12NetBSD 2.0Linux 2.6.10
2005–01Solaris 10
ReactOS 0.2.5
2005–02Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4OpenVMS 8.2
z/VSE
2005–03Windows Server 2003 Service Pack 1
Windows XP Professional x64 Edition		Linux 2.6.11
Novell Open Enterprise Server		MorphOS 1.4.4
2005–04Mac OS X Tiger (v10.4)DragonFly BSD 1.2Ubuntu 5.04ReactOS 0.2.6
MorphOS 1.4.5
2005–05Windows Mobile 5.0OpenBSD 3.7
2005–06Linux 2.6.12
Fedora Core 4
Debian 3.1
2005–07
2005–08Linux 2.6.13ReactOS 0.2.7
MorphOS 1.4.5 Classic
2005–09
2005–10Linux 2.6.14
Ubuntu 5.10
SUSE Linux 10.0		ReactOS 0.2.8
2005–11FreeBSD 6.0
OpenBSD 3.8
2005–12NetBSD 3.0ReactOS 0.2.9
2006–01DragonFly BSD 1.4Linux 2.6.15i5/OS V5R4
Solaris 10 1/06
2006–02
2006–03Windows Server 2003 R2Linux 2.6.16
Fedora Core 5
2006–04
2006–05OpenBSD 3.9SymbOS
MINIX 3.1.2
2006–06Linux 2.6.17
Ubuntu 6.06 (LTS)		Solaris 10 6/06
2006–07DragonFly BSD 1.6
2006–08BS2000/OSD v7.0[50]
ReactOS 0.3.0
2006–09Windows CE 6.0Linux 2.6.18FreeDOS 1.0
OpenVMS 8.3
2006–10Fedora Core 6
Ubuntu 6.10
Slackware 11.0
2006–11OpenBSD 4.0Linux 2.6.19AmigaOS 4.0
Solaris 10 11/06
2006–12
2007–01Windows VistaDragonFly BSD 1.8Bharat Operating System Solutions
2007–02Windows Mobile 6.0Linux 2.6.20Inferno Fourth Edition
2007–03Windows Server 2003 Service Pack 2Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5ReactOS 0.3.1
2007–04Linux 2.6.21
Ubuntu 7.04
Debian 4.0
2007–05iPhone OS 1 OpenBSD 4.1Fedora Linux 7
2007–06
2007–07Linux 2.6.22
Slackware 12.0
2007–08DragonFly BSD 1.10Solaris 10 8/07
2007–09iPhone OS 1.1HP-UX 11i v3
ReactOS 0.3.3
2007–10Mac OS X Leopard (v10.5)Linux 2.6.23
Ubuntu 7.10		OpenVMS 8.3-1H1
2007–11Windows Home ServerOpenBSD 4.2Fedora Linux 8
gOS		AIX 6.1,
2007–12NetBSD 4.0
2008–01Linux 2.6.24ReactOS 0.3.4
2008–02Windows Vista Service Pack 1
Windows Server 2008		DragonFly BSD 1.12
FreeBSD 7.0
2008–03IBM i 6.1
Singularity 1.1
2008–04Windows Mobile 6.1
Windows XP Service Pack 3		Linux 2.6.25
Ubuntu 8.04 (LTS)
2008–05OpenBSD 4.3Fedora Linux 9
Slackware 12.1		Solaris 10 5/08
OpenSolaris 2008.05
BS2000/OSD v8.0A
2008–06SUSE Linux 11.0MorphOS 2.0
ReactOS 0.3.5
2008–07iPhone OS 2DragonFly BSD 2.0Linux 2.6.26
2008–08STOP 6.5
ReactOS 0.3.6
2008–09iPhone OS 2.1AmigaOS 4.1
z/OS V1R10
MorphOS 2.1
2008–10Linux 2.6.27
Ubuntu 8.10
Android 1.0		Solaris 10 10/08
OKL4 3.0
2008–11iPhone OS 2.2OpenBSD 4.4Fedora Linux 10Singularity 2.0
ReactOS 0.3.7
Genode 8.11[51]
2008–12Linux 2.6.28
Slackware 12.2		MorphOS 2.2
OpenSolaris 2008.11
2009–01
2009–02DragonFly BSD 2.2Debian 5.0
Android 1.1		ReactOS 0.3.8
2009–03Linux 2.6.29
2009–04NetBSD 5.0Ubuntu 9.04
Android 1.5		ReactOS 0.3.9
2009–05Windows Mobile 6.5
Windows Vista Service Pack 2		OpenBSD 4.5Solaris 10 5/09
2009–06iPhone OS 3 Linux 2.6.30
Fedora Linux 11
Palm webOS 1		AmigaOS 4.1
OpenSolaris 2009.06
2009–07ReactOS 0.3.10
2009–08Mac OS X Snow Leopard (v10.6)Slackware 13.0MorphOS 2.3
2009–09iPhone OS 3.1DragonFly BSD 2.4Linux 2.6.31
Android 1.6
2009–10Windows 7
Windows Server 2008 R2		OpenBSD 4.6Ubuntu 9.10
Android 2.0		Solaris 10 10/09
MorphOS 2.4
2009–11FreeBSD 8.0Fedora Linux 12
openSUSE 11.2
2009–12Linux 2.6.32ReactOS 0.3.11

2010s
Year–monthWindowsAppleBSDLinuxOthers
2010–01Android 2.1AmigaOS 4.1 Upd. 1
2010–02Linux 2.6.33
2010–03
2010–04iPhone OS 3.2DragonFly BSD 2.6Ubuntu 10.04 (LTS)AmigaOS 4.1 Upd. 2
IBM i 7.1
2010–05OpenBSD 4.7Linux 2.6.34
Fedora Linux 13
Android 2.2		eComStation 2.0
2010–06iOS 4MorphOS 2.5
OpenVMS 8.4
2010–07openSUSE 11.3
2010–08Linux 2.6.35
2010–09iOS 4.1Solaris 10 9/10
AIX 7.1
2010–10Windows Phone 7DragonFly BSD 2.8Linux 2.6.36
Fedora Linux 14
Ubuntu 10.10		MorphOS 2.6
ReactOS 0.3.12
2010–11iOS 4.2NetBSD 5.1
OpenBSD 4.8		Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
2010–12Android 2.3MorphOS 2.7
2011–01Linux 2.6.37
2011–02Windows 7 Service Pack 1Debian 6.0
Android 3.0
2011–03Windows CE 7.0iOS 4.3Linux 2.6.38
openSUSE 11.4		ReactOS 0.3.13
2011–04Windows Home Server 2011DragonFly BSD 2.10Ubuntu 11.04
Slackware 13.37
2011–05OpenBSD 4.9Linux 2.6.39
Fedora Linux 15
Android 3.1		AmigaOS 4.1 Upd. 1 (for Classic)
eComStation 2.1
2011–06iOS 5ChromeOS (first shipped)9front
2011–07Mac OS X Lion (v10.7)Linux 3.0
Android 3.2
HP webOS 3		AmigaOS 4.1 Upd. 3
2011–08
2011–09Windows Phone 7.5
2011–10Linux 3.1
Ubuntu 11.10
Android 4.0
2011–11OpenBSD 5.0Fedora Linux 16
openSUSE 12.1		Solaris 11 11/11
2011–12AmigaOS 4.1 Upd. 4
2012–01FreeBSD 9.0Linux 3.2FreeDOS 1.1
2012–02DragonFly BSD 3.0ReactOS 0.3.14
Minix 3.2
2012–03iOS 5.1Linux 3.3
Android 4.0.4
2012–04Ubuntu 12.04 (LTS)
2012–05OpenBSD 5.1Linux 3.4
Fedora Linux 17		DexOS
2012–06BS2000/OSD 9.0
MorphOS 3.0
2012–07OS X Mountain Lion (v10.8)Linux 3.5
Android 4.1
openSUSE 12.2		MorphOS 3.1
AmigaOS 4.1 Upd. 5
2012–08
2012–09Windows Server 2012iOS 6Linux 3.6
Slackware 14.0
Qubes OS
2012–10Windows 8
Windows Phone 8		NetBSD 6.0
OpenBSD 5.2		Ubuntu 12.10Solaris 11.1
2012–11DragonFly BSD 3.2Android 4.2Haiku R1 Alpha 4
2012–12FreeBSD 9.1
2013–01iOS 6.1Fedora Linux 18BlackBerry 10
Solaris 10 1/13
2013–02Windows Phone 7.8
2013–03openSUSE 12.3
2013–04DragonFly BSD 3.4Linux 3.9
Ubuntu 13.04
2013–05NetBSD 6.1
OpenBSD 5.3		Debian 7.0ReactOS 0.3.15
MorphOS 3.2
2013–06Windows CE 8.0 (2013)Linux 3.10
2013–07Fedora Linux 19
Android 4.3
2013–08
2013–09iOS 7FreeBSD 9.2Linux 3.11MorphOS 3.3
z/OS Version 2.1
2013–10Windows 8.1
Windows Server 2012 R2		OS X Mavericks (v10.9)Ubuntu 13.10
2013–11DragonFly BSD 3.6
OpenBSD 5.4		Slackware 14.1
openSUSE 13.1
Android 4.4
Linux 3.12
2013–12Fedora Linux 20MorphOS 3.4
Muen[52] separation kernel
2014–01FreeBSD 10.0Linux 3.13
2014–02ReactOS 0.3.16
MorphOS 3.5
2014–03iOS 7.1Linux 3.14
2014–04Windows Phone 8.1Ubuntu 14.04 (LTS)Solaris 11.2
2014–05OpenBSD 5.5
2014–06DragonFly BSD 3.8Linux 3.15
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7		MorphOS 3.6
2014–07
2014–08Linux 3.16MorphOS 3.7
2014–09iOS 8Minix 3.3
2014–10OS X Yosemite (v10.10)
iOS 8.1		Ubuntu 14.10
Linux 3.17
2014–11OpenBSD 5.6
FreeBSD 10.1
DragonFly BSD 4.0		openSUSE 13.2
Android 5.0		IBM i 7.2
ReactOS 0.3.17
2014–12Linux 3.18
Fedora Linux 21
2015–01
2015–02Linux 3.19
2015–03iOS 8.2
2015–04iOS 8.3
watchOS 1		Linux 4.0
Debian 8.0
Ubuntu 15.04		Redox OS
2015–05Fedora Linux 22BS2000/OSD 10.0
2015–06iOS 8.4Linux 4.1MorphOS 3.9
2015–07Windows 10 (1507)
2015–08FreeBSD 10.2Linux 4.2
2015–09OS X El Capitan (v10.11)
iOS 9
watchOS 2		NetBSD 7.0z/OS Version 2.2[53]
2015–10iOS 9.1
tvOS9		Android 6.0
Ubuntu 15.10		AIX 7.2[54]
Solaris 11.3[55]
2015–11Windows 10 November Update (1511)
Windows 10 Mobile (1511)		tvOS9.1Linux 4.3
Fedora Linux 23
openSUSE Leap 42.1
2015–12iOS 9.2
watchOS 2.1
tvOS9.2
2016–01Linux 4.4Minix 3.4
2016–02ReactOS 0.4
2016–03iOS 9.3
watchOS 2.2
tvOS9.3		OpenBSD 5.9
FreeBSD 10.3		Linux 4.5
2016–04Ubuntu 16.04IBM i 7.3
ReactOS 0.4.1
2016–05Linux 4.6
2016–06Slackware 14.2
Fedora Linux 24
Linux Mint 18
2016–07Linux 4.7
2016–08Windows 10 Anniversary Update (1607)
Windows 10 Mobile Anniversary Update (1607)		DragonFly BSD 4.6Android 7.0ReactOS 0.4.2
2016–09Windows Server 2016 (1607)macOS Sierra (v10.12)
iOS 10
watchOS 3
tvOS10		OpenBSD 6.0Linux 4.8
2016–10iOS 10.1
watchOS 3.1		NetBSD 7.0.2
FreeBSD 11.0		Android 7.1
Ubuntu 16.10
2016–11Oracle Linux 7.3
Fedora Linux 25
openSUSE Leap 42.2		ReactOS 0.4.3
2016–12iOS 10.2
tvOS10.1		Linux 4.9
Linux Mint 18.1		FreeDOS 1.2
2017–01
2017–02Linux 4.10ReactOS 0.4.4
2017–03iOS 10.3
watchOS 3.2
tvOS10.2		DragonFly BSD 4.8
NetBSD 7.1
2017–04Windows 10 Creators Update (1703)
Windows 10 Mobile Creators Update (1703)		OpenBSD 6.1Linux 4.11
Ubuntu 17.04
2017–05ReactOS 0.4.5
ArcaOS 5.0.0
2017–06Debian 9.0
Fedora Linux 26
2017–07Linux 4.12
openSUSE Leap 42.3		BS2000/OSD 11.0
ArcaOS 5.0.1
2017–08Android 8.0
2017–09macOS High Sierra (v10.13)
iOS 11
watchOS 4
tvOS11		Linux 4.13ReactOS 0.4.6
2017–10Windows 10 Fall Creators Update (1709)
Windows 10 Mobile Fall Creators Update (1709)
Windows Server 2016 Fall Creators Update (1709)		iOS 11.1
watchOS 4.1
tvOS11.1		OpenBSD 6.2
DragonFly BSD 5.0		Ubuntu 17.10
2017–11Linux 4.14
Fedora Linux 27		BareMetal 1.0.0
2017–12iOS 11.2
watchOS 4.2
tvOS11.2		Android 8.1ReactOS 0.4.7
2018–01Linux 4.15
2018–02ArcaOS 5.0.2
2018–03iOS 11.3
watchOS 4.3
tvOS11.3		NetBSD 7.1.2Genode Sculpt EA
2018–04Windows 10 April 2018 Update (1803)OpenBSD 6.3
DragonFly BSD 5.2		Linux 4.16
Ubuntu 18.04 (LTS)		ReactOS 0.4.8
2018–05iOS 11.4
tvOS11.4		Fedora Linux 28
openSUSE Leap 15.0
2018–06Linux 4.17Genode Sculpt TC
2018–07NetBSD 8.0SUSE Linux Enterprise 15ReactOS 0.4.9
2018–08NetBSD 7.2Linux 4.18
Android 9.0		ArcaOS 5.0.3
Solaris 11.4
2018–09macOS Mojave (v10.14)
iOS 12
watchOS 5
tvOS12		Genode Sculpt VC[56]
2018–10 Windows 10 October 2018 Update (1809)
Windows Server 2019 (1809)		 iOS 12.1
watchOS 5.1
tvOS12.1		 OpenBSD 6.4 Linux 4.19
Ubuntu 18.10
Fedora Linux 29		 SerenityOS
2018–11 ReactOS 0.4.10
2018–12 DragonFly BSD 5.4
FreeBSD 12.0		 Linux 4.20
2019–01
2019–02
2019–03 iOS 12.2
watchOS 5.2
tvOS12.2		 Linux 5.0 ReactOS 0.4.11
2019–04 Ubuntu 19.04
Fedora Linux 30
2019–05 Windows 10 May 2019 Update (1903) iOS 12.3
tvOS12.3		 OpenBSD 6.5

NetBSD 8.1

 Linux 5.1
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8
openSUSE Leap 15.1
2019–06 DragonFly BSD 5.6 SUSE Linux Enterprise 15 SP1 IBM i 7.4
2019–07 iOS 12.4
watchOS 5.3
tvOS12.4		 Debian 10.0
Linux 5.2		 ArcaOS 5.0.4
2019–08
2019–09 iOS 13
iOS 13.1
iPadOS 13.1
watchOS 6
tvOS13		 Linux 5.3
Android 10.0		 ReactOS 0.4.12
2019–10 iOS 13.2
iPadOS 13.2
watchOS 6.1
macOS Catalina (v10.15)		 OpenBSD 6.6 Ubuntu 19.10
Fedora Linux 31
2019–11 Windows 10 November 2019 Update (1909) FreeBSD 12.1 Linux 5.4
2019–12 iOS 13.3
iPadOS 13.3

2020s
Further information: Timeline of free and open-source software
Year–monthWindowsAppleBSDLinuxOthers
2020–01 Linux 5.5
2020–02 NetBSD 9.0
2020–03 iOS 13.4
iPadOS 13.4
watchOS 6.2
tvOS13.4		 DragonFly BSD 5.8 Linux 5.6
2020–04 Ubuntu 20.04
Fedora Linux 32		 ReactOS 0.4.13
2020–05 Windows 10 May 2020 Update (2004) iOS 13.5
iPadOS 13.5		 OpenBSD 6.7 OpenVMS 9.0
2020–06 Linux 5.7 ArcaOS 5.0.5
Haiku R1/beta2
2020–07 iOS 13.6
iPadOS 13.6
2020–08 Linux 5.8 ArcaOS 5.0.6
2020–09 iOS 13.7
iPadOS 13.7
iOS 14
iPadOS 14.0
watchOS 7.0
tvOS14.0		 Android 11
2020–10 Windows 10 October 2020 Update (20H2) iOS 14.1
iPadOS 14.1		 NetBSD 9.1
OpenBSD 6.8
FreeBSD 12.2		 Linux 5.9
Fedora Linux 33
Ubuntu 20.10
2020–11 macOS Big Sur (v11.0)
iOS 14.2
iPadOS 14.2
watchOS 7.1
tvOS14.2
2020–12 macOS Big Sur (v11.1)
iOS 12.5
iOS 14.3
iPadOS 14.3
watchOS 6.3
watchOS 7.2
tvOS14.3		 Linux 5.10
2021–01 iOS 14.4
iPadOS 14.4
watchOS 7.3
tvOS14.4
2021–02 macOS Big Sur (v11.2)
2021–03
2021–04 macOS Big Sur (v11.3)
iOS 14.5
iPadOS 14.5
watchOS 7.4
tvOS14.5		 FreeBSD 13.0 Fedora Linux 34
2021-05 Windows 10 May 2021 Update (21H1) macOS Big Sur (v11.4)
iOS 14.6
iPadOS 14.6
watchOS 7.5
tvOS14.6		 OpenBSD 6.9
DragonFly BSD 6.0
NetBSD 9.2		 Linux 5.12
Ubuntu 21.04
2021-06 Rocky Linux 8
Linux 5.13
2021-07 macOS Big Sur (v11.5)
iOS 14.7
iPadOS 14.7
watchOS 7.6
tvOS14.7		 Haiku R1/beta3
2021-08 Windows Server 2022 Linux 5.14
Debian 11.0
2021-09 macOS Big Sur (v11.6)
iOS 14.8
iPadOS 14.8
iOS 15
iPadOS 15.0
watchOS 8.0
tvOS15.0
2021-10 Windows 11 macOS Monterey (v12.0)
iOS 15.1
iPadOS 15.1
watchOS 8.1
tvOS15.1		 OpenBSD 7.0 Android 12
Ubuntu 21.10
2021-11 Windows 10 November 2021 Update (21H2)
2021-12 macOS Monterey (v12.2)
iOS 15.2
iPadOS 15.2
watchOS 8.3
tvOS15.2		 ArcaOS 5.0.7
ReactOS 0.4.14
2022-01 iOS 15.3
iPadOS 15.3
watchOS 8.4
tvOS15.3
2022-02 Slackware 15.0
2022-03 macOS Monterey (v12.3)
iOS 15.4
iPadOS 15.4
watchOS 8.5
tvOS15.4		 Android 12L
2022-04 OpenBSD 7.1 Ubuntu 22.04
2022-05 macOS Monterey (v12.4)
iOS 15.5
iPadOS 15.5
watchOS 8.6
tvOS15.5		 IBM i 7.5
2022-06
2022-07 macOS Monterey (v12.5)
iOS 15.6
iPadOS 15.6
watchOS 8.7
tvOS15.6
2022-08 Android 13
2022-09 Windows 11 2022 Update (22H2) macOS Big Sur (v11.7)
macOS Monterey (v12.6)
iOS 15.7
iPadOS 15.7
iOS 16
watchOS 9.0
tvOS16.0
2022-10 macOS Ventura (13.0)
iOS 16.1
iPadOS 16.0		 OpenBSD 7.2 Ubuntu 22.10
2022-11 macOS Ventura (13.0.1)
iOS 16.1.1
2022-12 iOS 16.2
2023-01
2023-02
2023-03
2023-04
2023-05
2023-06
2023-07
2023-08 Linux 6.5 ArcaOS 5.1.0
2023-09 macOS Sonoma (14.0)
iOS 17.0
iPadOS 17.0
2023-10 Android 14
2023-11
2023-12

See also

References
  1. Not Panicking Ltd (January 7, 2012). "h2g2 - Early Electronic Computers - Edited Entry". Retrieved March 15, 2015.
  2. "LCS/AI Lab Timeline". Archived from the original on September 23, 2015. Retrieved March 15, 2015.
  3. Douglas Ross. 1986. A personal view of the personal work station: some firsts in the Fifties. In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on The history of personal workstations (HPW '86), John R White and Kathi Anderson (Eds.). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 19–48. DOI=10.1145/12178.12180
  4. "Early Operating Systems". Archived from the original on April 10, 2015. Retrieved March 15, 2015.
  5. "Michigan Terminal System: Time Line". Clock.org. Retrieved October 19, 2012.
  6. "Multics History". Retrieved March 15, 2015.
  7. "Digital Research home page". Retrieved September 27, 2021.
  8. Wulf, W.; Cohen, E.; Corwin, W.; Jones, A.; Levin, R.; Pierson, C.; Pollack, F. (June 1974). "HYDRA:The Kernel of a Multiprocessor Operating System" (PDF). Communications of the ACM. 17 (6). doi:10.1145/355616.364017. S2CID 8011765. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 3, 2014. Retrieved March 26, 2023.
  9. "Time-Sharing Uses Emphasized For DEC Datasystem 350 Series". Computerworld. Computerworld, Inc. July 30, 1975. Retrieved March 7, 2023.
  10. Wilkes, M. V.; Needham, R. M. (January 1, 1979). Denning, Peter J. (ed.). The Cambridge CAP Computer and Its Operating System. Operating and Programming Systems Series. North Holland. Retrieved March 26, 2023 – via www.microsoft.com.
  11. Ian P. Blythe. "FLEX User Group - History". Retrieved March 15, 2015.
  12. "SECURE MINICOMPUTER OPERATING SYSTEM (KSOS)" (PDF). csrc.nist.gov. Retrieved September 14, 2020.
  13. Gold, B. D.; Linde, R. R; Cudney, P. F. "KVM/370 IN RETROSPECT" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on May 3, 2014. Retrieved May 2, 2014.
  14. Stan Sokolow (ed.). "SOLUS NEWS" (PDF). Retrieved January 30, 2020.
  15. "CSDL | IEEE Computer Society". www.computer.org.
  16. Archived August 28, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
  17. "Apollo/DOMAIN Computers". Retrieved March 15, 2015.
  18. "Archived copy". ftp.stratus.com:80. Archived from the original on June 12, 2003. Retrieved January 13, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  20. "FINAL EVALUATION REPORTM OFN SCOMP" (PDF). www.dtic.mil. 1965. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved September 14, 2020.
  21. "NEW VSE SYSTEM IPO/E 1.4.0 AND VSE/SYSTEM PACKAGE 1.1.0". Announcement Letters. IBM. July 19, 1983. LTR 283-217. Retrieved March 26, 2023.
  22. Vinter, S. T. and Schantz, R. E. 1986. The Cronus distributed operating system. In Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Making Distributed Systems Work (Amsterdam, Netherlands, September 8–10, 1986). EW 2. ACM, New York, NY, 1-3.
  23. "Final evaluation report" (PDF). www.aesec.com. June 28, 1995. Retrieved September 14, 2020.
  25. Paul A. Karger; Mary Ellen Zurko; Douglass W. Bonin; Andrew H. Mason; Clifford E. Kahn (November 1991). "A Retrospective on the VAX VMM Security Kernel" (PDF). IEEE Journal of Software Engineering. 17 (11): 1147–1165. doi:10.1109/32.106971. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 12, 2015. Retrieved May 2, 2014.
  26. Quarterly Status Report - Report #1 (PDF). Advance Computing Systems: An Advanced Reasoning-Based Paradigm for Ada Trusted Systems and its Application to MACH (Report). TRW - Federal Systems Group - Systems Division. March 15, 1989. AD-A206 308. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 2, 2021 – via Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC).
  27. "LOCK-An Historical Perspective" (PDF). Cyberdefenseagency.com. Retrieved January 28, 2019.
  28. "IBM VSE/ENTERPRISE SYSTEMS ARCHITECTURE VERSION 1 RELEASE 1". Announcement Letters. IBM. December 18, 1990. LTR 290-785. Retrieved March 26, 2023.
  29. "A Brief History of RISC OS", Wakefield RISC OS Computer Club, retrieved November 19, 2011
  30. "EPL Entry CSC-EPL-92/001". Retrieved March 15, 2015.
  31. "JN: An Operating System for an Embedded Java Network Computer UCSC-CRL-96-29". Archived from the original on August 24, 2012. Retrieved April 25, 2014.
  32. various 1997 publications listed on the Nemesis website, retrieved 2013-08-13
  33. "Inferno Downloads", Vita Nuova Holdings, retrieved November 19, 2011
  34. "Microsoft Releases Windows 2000 to Manufacturing", Microsoft News Center, December 15, 1999, retrieved November 19, 2011
  35. "Plan 9 from Bell Labs Overview", Bell Labs, retrieved November 19, 2011
  36. Balaban, Alexandre (2000), Test de MorphOS 0.1 (in French), retrieved November 19, 2011
  37. "Microsoft Announces Immediate Availability Of Windows Millennium Edition (Windows Me)", Microsoft News Center, September 14, 2000, retrieved November 19, 2011
  38. "AmigaOS 3.9 release", Amiga History (UK), December 4, 2000, retrieved July 22, 2012
  39. Schmidt, Ralph (February 15, 2001), New MorphOS 0.4 Release, retrieved November 19, 2011
  40. Project History, retrieved November 19, 2011
  41. "Windows XP to Take the PC to New Heights", Microsoft News Center, August 24, 2001, retrieved November 19, 2011
  42. "Microsoft Unveils Plans for 64-Bit Windows Platform". Microsoft.
  43. "Sanos". Jbox.dk. Retrieved January 28, 2019.
  44. "Plan 9 From Bell Labs Fourth Release Notes", Bell Labs, April 2002, retrieved November 19, 2011
  45. "What is the history of Syllable?", Frequently Asked Questions, archived from the original on January 7, 2011, retrieved November 19, 2011
  46. "Jaguar "Unleashed" at 10:20 p.m. Tonight", Apple Inc., August 23, 2002, archived from the original on October 8, 2003, retrieved November 19, 2011
  47. "Node, an operating system based on Java" (PDF). 2010.rmll.info. 2010. Retrieved September 14, 2020.
  48. "Windows XP 64-bit Edition for Itanium systems, Version 2003 Press release", Microsoft News Center, March 28, 2003, retrieved November 19, 2011
  49. Kernel.org archive, retrieved November 19, 2011
  50. News digest August 2006, August 2006, retrieved November 19, 2011
  51. "Genode - Release notes for the Genode OS Framework 8.11". genode.org.
  52. Muen SK. "Muen | SK for x86/64". Muen.codelabs.ch. Retrieved January 28, 2019.
  53. "IBM z/OS Version 2 Release 2 Announcement Letter". July 28, 2015. Retrieved August 23, 2015.
  54. "IBM AIX 7.2 delivers the reliability, availability, performance, and security needed to be successful in the new global economy". 01.ibm.com. October 5, 2015. Retrieved January 28, 2019.
  55. "What's New in Oracle® Solaris 11.3". Docs.oracle.com. October 3, 2017. Retrieved January 28, 2019.
  56. "Genode - Genode News". genode.org.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.