Timeline of Milan
3rd–8th centuries
- 3rd C. CE - Roman Catholic diocese of Milan established.[2]
- 286 CE - Western Roman Empire capital moves from Rome to Mediolanum.[1]
- 313 - Edict of Milan.
- 370 - Basilica of San Lorenzo consecrated.
- 379 - Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio consecrated.
- 382 - San Nazaro in Brolo construction begins.
- 402 - City besieged by Visigoths.
- 452 - City besieged by Huns.
- 539 - City sacked by Ostrogoths.
- 569 - Lombards conquer city.
- 774 - Milan surrenders to the Franks.
- 833 - San Vincenzo in Prato built.[3]
- 899 - Hunnish invasion [3]
11th century
- 1045 - Milan adopts the commune form of local city-state government.[4]
12th–14th centuries
Ground was broken for Milan Cathedral in 1386
- 1135 - Chiaravalle Abbey founded.[3]
- 1157 - Circular moat, (Naviglio), constructed round the town. [3]
- 1158 - Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa besieges and sacks the city, but it soon rebels.
- 1162 - Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa seizes and destroys the city.[3]
- 1183 - After the Peace of Constance Milan returns to the commune form of government.[5][3]
- 13th C. - Palazzo Borromeo (Milan) established.[3]
- 1233 - Palazzo della Ragione built.
- 1237 - After the Battle of Cortenuova Pagano della Torre rallied and saved Milan.[3]
- 1259 - Milan is ruled as a Signoria with the Della Torre family ruling as Signores.[5]
- 1277
- The Battle of Desio is fought between the Della Torre and Visconti families for the control of Milan.[3]
- The Visconti of Milan emerges as the victors at Desio and begin their rule of Milan as the Signores.[3]
- 1302 - Guido della Torre deposes Matteo I Visconti as the Signore.
- 1311 - Henry VII restores Matteo I Visconti as the Signore.
- 1321 - Loggia degli Osii built, with two open porticos in black and white marble.[3]
- 1330
- Piazza del Duomo, Milan work begins.[3]
- San Gottardo, Milan work begins.[3]
- 1336 - Public clock installed.[6]
- 1360 - Castello Sforzesco construction begun.[3]
- 1381 - Chiesa di Santa Maria alla Scala built.
- 1386 - Milan Cathedral begins construction.[3]
- 1395 - Milan is formally elevated to a Duchy when Wenceslaus IV titles Gian Galeazzo Visconti the Duke of Milan.[7]
15th–16th centuries
- 1412 - Gian Maria Visconti assassinated in front of the San Gottardo, Milan.[3]
- 1447
- The death of Filippo Maria Visconti (1392–1447) ends more than two centuries of Visconti rule in Milan.[3][8]
- The Golden Ambrosian Republic begins.
- 1450 - The House of Sforza takes power.[3][9]
- 1456 - Ospedale Maggiore begins construction.
- 1463 - Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan begun.[3]
- 1471 - Printing press in operation.[10][11]
- 1482 - Santa Maria delle Grazie built.
- 1493 - Santa Maria presso San Celso begins construction.
- 1496 - Chiesa di Santa Maria della Passione built.
- 1497 - Apicius de re Coquinaria cookbook published.[12]
- 1498 - Leonardo paints The Last Supper in the Santa Maria delle Grazie church.[9]
- 1508 - Santa Maria alla Fontana built.
- 1515 - Battle of Marignano and Francis I of France takes Milan.[3]
- 1522 - Francesco II Sforza in power.[3]
- 1535 - City becomes part of Habsburg Spain.
- 1562 - Palazzo dei Giureconsulti begins construction.
- 1565 - Casa degli Omenoni built (approximate date).
- 1577 - Milan Cathedral consecrated by Charles Borromeo, cardinal saint.[3]
- 1579 - San Fedele built.
- 1580 - Plague.[13]
17th century
- 1608 - Palazzo del Senato construction begins.
- 1609 - Biblioteca Ambrosiana opens.[3]
- 1618 - Pinacoteca Ambrosiana opens.
- 1630 - Plague begins.[13][14]
- 1631 - Palazzo Annoni construction begins.
- 1640 - The gazette named Milano was published for the first time.
- 1644 - Palazzo delle Scuole Palatine rebuilt.
18th century
- 1717 - Teatro Regio Ducale built.
- 1761 - Palazzo Litta built.
- 1762 - Madonnina (statue) erected.
- 1772 - Royal Palace of Milan renovated.[3]
- 1774 - Orto Botanico di Brera (garden) established.[15]
- 1776 - Brera Academy founded.[3]
- 1778
- La Scala inaugurated.[3]
- Royal Palace of Milan expanded.
- 1779 - Teatro Lirico built.
- 1784 - Giardini Pubblici Indro Montanelli established.
- 1785 - The newspaper Il Corriere di Gabinetto - Gazzetta di Milano was published for the first time.
- 1786
- Biblioteca di Brera (library) opens.
- Archivio di Stato di Milano (state archives) established.[16]
- 1793 - Palazzo Serbelloni built.
- 1796 - Milan declared capital of Cisalpine Republic.
19th century
- 1802 - Milan becomes capital of the Napoleonic Italian Republic.[17]
- 1805 - Coronation of Napoleon as King of Italy.[17]
- 1807
- Milan Conservatory established.
- Arena Civica opened.[3]
- 1808
- Milan Stock Exchange established.
- Casa Ricordi music publisher in business.[18]
- 1817 - Caffè Cova in business on Via Monte Napoleone.[12]
- 1820 - Revolutionary Carbonari arrested.[19]
- 1824 - Pasticceria Marchesi in business.[20]
- 1838 - Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano founded.
- 1840 - Milan-Monza railway begins operating.
- 1842 - Premiere of Verdi's opera Nabucco.[21]
- 1848 - Five Days uprising against Austrian Empire.[17][3]
- 1860
- Campari in business.[12]
- Antonio Beretta becomes mayor.
- 1861
- Milan becomes part of Kingdom of Italy.
- City hall opens in Palazzo Marino.
- 1863 - Istituto Tecnico Superiore founded.
- 1864 - Stazione di Milano Centrale (1864) opens at Piazza della Repubblica (Milan).
- 1866 - Cimitero Monumentale di Milano opened.[3]
- 1870 - Hoepli publisher in business.
- 1871 - Population: 261,976.[22]
- 1872
- Pirelli company founded.
- Ca' de Sass built.
- Teatro Dal Verme opens.
- 1873 - Società Storica Lombarda (history society) founded.
- 1876
- Corriere della Sera newspaper begins publication.[23]
- Trams begin operating.
- 1877 - Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II built.
- 1879
- Milano Affori railway station and Milano Bovisa-Politecnico railway station open.
- "Società d'Esplorazione Commerciale in Africa" founded.
- 1881 - Population: 321,839.[3]
- 1883 - Salumi Peck (company) in business.[12][24]
- 1886
- Breda manufactory in business.
- German School of Milan founded.
- Piazza della Scala established.[3]
- 1888
- Parco Sempione established.
- Via Dante constructed.[3]
- 1891 - Camera del Lavoro (labor centre)[24] and Società escursionisti milanesi (hiking club)[25] founded.
- 1894 - Touring Club Italiano established.
- 1896
- Casa di Riposo per Musicisti founded.
- Italo Pacchioni creates "first Italian film" Arrivo del treno alla Stazione di Milano.[17][26]
- 1897 - Population: 470,558.[27]
- 1898 - Bava-Beccaris massacre.[17]
- 1899
- Milan Football and Cricket Club founded.[28]
- Parini statue erected in Piazza Cordusio.
20th century
1900s–1940s
- 1902 - Bocconi University founded.
- 1903 - Palazzo Castiglioni built.
- 1906
- Confederazione Generale del Lavoro (labor union) headquartered in Milan.[17]
- Milan International (1906) world's fair held
- Simplon Tunnel opens.
- Casa Campanini built.
- Population: 560,613.[3]
- 1907 - Turci Calzature (shoe shop) in business.
- 1908 - Internazionale Milano football club founded.[28]
- 1909 - Malpensa Airport established.
- 1911 - Bar Jamaica in business.
- 1912 - Messina tram depot built.
- 1915
- Castello Cova built.
- American Chamber of Commerce established.[29][30]
- 1917
- Galleria Pesaro opens.
- La Rinascente (shop) in business.[29]
- 1919 - Fascio di Combattimento political group founded.[19]
- 1921
- Milan Sample Fair begins.[31]
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore established.
- 1922 - Novecento Italiano art movement active.[32]
- 1924 - University of Milan founded.
- 1926 - Stadio San Siro opens.
- 1927 - A. Rizzoli & Co. founded.
- 1930 - Planetario di Milano inaugurated.
- 1931 - Milano Centrale railway station opens.
- 1932 - Palazzo Mezzanotte (stock exchange) built.
- 1933
- Trolleybuses begin operating.
- Torre Branca built in Parco Sempione.[33]
- 1934 - Institute for International Political Studies founded.
- 1935 - Villa Necchi Campiglio (residence) built.[34][35]
- 1937 - Linate Airport opens.
- 1939
- A.C. Milan football club active.[28]
- Anteo Spazio Cinema opens.[36]
- 1942 - Teatro Smeraldo opens.
- 1945 - 29 April: Corpse of executed Mussolini brought to Piazzale Loreto.[17]
- 1947 - Piccolo Teatro founded.[37]
1950s–1990s
- 1954 - Padiglione d'Arte Contemporanea inaugurated.
- 1955
- FrancoAngeli publisher in business.
- Centro di Documentazione Ebraica Contemporanea founded.
- 1956 - Palazzo dell'Arengario built.
- 1958 - Milan Fashion Week begins.
- 1960 - Cinema Ambasciatori opens.[36]
- 1961 - Milan Furniture Fair begins.
- 1962 - Amica fashion magazine in publication.
- 1964 - Milan Metro begins operating.
- 1965 - Milan Cathedral final details completed.
- 1968 - IULM University of Milan founded.
- 1969 - Piazza Fontana bombing.[19]
- 1974 - Quelli di Grock theatre troupe founded.
- 1975 - Armani fashion house founded.
- 1979 - MIP- Politecnico di Milano School of Management formed.
- 1980
- Plastic (nightclub) opens.
- Parco Alessandrini inaugurated.
- 1982 - Domus Academy established.
- 1985 - Dolce & Gabbana fashion house founded.
- 1986 - Class Editori founded.
- 1987
- MF Milano Finanza newspaper begins publication.
- Massimo De Carlo art gallery opens.
- 1990
- Milan Metro Line 3 begins operating.[38]
- Parco Agricolo Sud Milano established.
- 1991
- Viafarini (art entity) established.[39]
- 10 Corso Como in business.[40]
- 1995 - Documentation Center for Visual Arts founded.[39]
- 1996 - Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and Trussardi Foundation established.
- 1997 - Milan Passante railway begins operating.
- 1998 - University of Milan Bicocca established.
- 1999 - Malpensa Express begins operating.
21st century
- 2001
- 23 May: 2001 UEFA Champions League Final held in Milan.[28]
- 8 October: Linate Airport disaster.[17]
- City website online (approximate date).[41]
- O’artoteca (art organization) founded.[39]
- 2002
- Orto Botanico di Cascina Rosa established.
- Teatro degli Arcimboldi opens.
- 2004
- Gruppo A12 architects active.
- Bulgari Hotel in business.
- 2006
- Lettera27 headquartered in Milan.
- Letizia Moratti becomes mayor.[42]
- 2008
- 2009
- Peep Hole[39] and Cardi Black Box art gallery active.[43]
- Homeless World Cup football contest held.
- 2010 - Population: 1,315,803.[44]
- 2011 - Giuliano Pisapia becomes mayor.[45]
- 2012
- Portello Park inaugurated.[46]
- Milan Area C congestion charge begins, replacing Ecopass.
- Nuovo Trasporto Viaggiatori high-speed train service begins operating, connecting Milan to Naples via Rome.[47]
- 2013 - Population: 1,262,101 municipality; 3,075,083 province.[48]
- 2015 - 1 May: Expo 2015 world fair opens.
- 2016 - June: Milan municipal election, 2016 held.
See also
Timelines of other cities in the macroregion of Northwest Italy:(it)
- Liguria region: Timeline of Genoa
- Lombardy region: Timeline of Bergamo; Brescia; Cremona; Mantua; Pavia
- Piedmont region: Timeline of Novara; Turin
References
- Haydn 1910.
- "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Italy". Norway: Oslo katolske bispedømme (Oslo Catholic Diocese). Retrieved 30 June 2015.
- Britannica 1910.
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- Gerhard Dohrn-van Rossum (1996). "The First Public Clocks". History of the Hour: Clocks and Modern Temporal Orders. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-15510-4.
- Michael Wyatt, ed. (2014). "Timeline". Cambridge Companion to the Italian Renaissance. Cambridge University Press. p. 308 and xxii. ISBN 978-1-139-99167-4.
- "Venice and Northern Italy, 1400–1600 A.D.
- Michael Wyatt, ed. (2014). "Timeline". Cambridge Companion to the Italian Renaissance. Cambridge University Press. p. xxi+. ISBN 978-1-139-99167-4.
- Robert Proctor (1898). "Books Printed From Types: Italy: Milano". Index to the Early Printed Books in the British Museum. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner and Company. hdl:2027/uc1.c3450631 – via HathiTrust.
- "Index: Place of Publication: Milan", Incunabula Short Title Catalogue: the International Database of 15th-century European Printing, UK: British Library, retrieved 3 December 2017
- James Trager (1995), The Food Chronology, New York: Henry Holt, OL 1275146M
- "Plague at Milan", Saturday Magazine, London, no. 52, 27 April 1833, hdl:2027/mdp.39015054495745
- D'Amico 2001.
- "Garden Search: Italy". London: Botanic Gardens Conservation International. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
- Damiano Muoni [in Italian] (1874). Archivi di Stato in Milano: Prefetti o direttori, 1468-1874 (in Italian).
- Mark Gilbert; Robert K. Nilsson (2007). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of Modern Italy. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6428-3.
- Chester L. Alwes (2012). "Choral Music in the Culture of the 19th Century". In André de Quadros (ed.). Cambridge Companion to Choral Music. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-11173-7.
Music publishers of the 18th to the early 20th c. (chronological list)
- Zygmunt G. Baranski and Rebecca J. West, ed. (2001). "Chronology". Cambridge Companion to Modern Italian Culture. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-55982-9.
- "Pasticceria Marchesi: ricordi al profumo di pasta frolla". Corriere della Sera (in Italian). Milan. 14 May 2012. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
- Radio 3. "Opera Timeline". BBC. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
- "Italy". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1873. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590360.
- "Milan (Italy) Newspapers". WorldCat. USA: Online Computer Library Center. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
- Maria Grazia Tolfo; Paolo Colussi (eds.). "Cronologia di Milano" [Timeline of Milan]. Storia di Milano (in Italian). Retrieved 30 June 2015.
- A.J. Mackintosh (1907). "Mountaineering Clubs, 1857-1907". Alpine Journal. UK (177). hdl:2027/njp.32101076197365.
- Richard Abel, ed. (2005). Encyclopedia of Early Cinema. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-23440-5.
- "Italy". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1899. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590550 – via HathiTrust.
- Tom Dunmore (2011). Historical Dictionary of Soccer. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7188-5.
- Merlo 2006.
- Bulletin of the American Chamber of Commerce in Milan, vol. 1, 1915
- "Milan Fair", Trade Bulletin of the Italy America Society, June 1925
- Chris Michaelides, ed. (2007). "Chronology of the European Avant Garde, 1900─1937". Breaking the Rules: The Printed Face of the European Avant Garde 1900-1937. Online Exhibitions. British Library.
- New York Times 2010.
- "Leading Mansion". New York Times. 30 April 2010.
- Wall Street Journal 2010.
- "Movie Theaters in Milan". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
- François Colbert (2005). "Company Profile: The Piccolo Teatro of Milan: Theatre of Europe". International Journal of Arts Management. 7 (3): 66–73. JSTOR 41064853.
- Trono 2002.
- "Italy". Art Spaces Directory. New York: New Museum. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
- Ten of the world's most beautiful bookshops, BBC, 27 March 2014
- "Comune di Milano" (in Italian). Archived from the original on 15 June 2001 – via Internet Archive, Wayback Machine.
- "Il Sindaco" (in Italian). Comune di Milano. Archived from the original on 4 November 2006.
- "Leading Mansion - Exhibitions". Milano: Cardi Black Box. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
- "Population of Capital Cities and Cities of 100,000 or More Inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2011. United Nations Statistics Division. 2012.
- "Italian mayors". City Mayors.com. London: City Mayors Foundation. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
- "Inaugurato il Parco Portello" (in Italian). Comune di Milano. 6 December 2012.
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This article incorporates information from the Italian Wikipedia.
Bibliography
Published in the 16th-19th century
- in English
- Jedidiah Morse; Richard C. Morse (1823), "Milan", A New Universal Gazetteer (4th ed.), New Haven: S. Converse
- David Brewster, ed. (1830). "Milan". Edinburgh Encyclopaedia. Edinburgh: William Blackwood.
- Josiah Conder (1834), "Milan", Italy, The Modern Traveller, vol. 31, London: J.Duncan
- Mariana Starke (1839), "Milan", Travels in Europe (9th ed.), Paris: A. and W. Galignani
- Valery (1842). "Milan". Italy and its Comforts. London: Longman.
{{cite book}}: External link in|author= - "Milan", Black's Guide to Italy, Edinburgh: Adam and Charles Black, 1869
- William Smith, ed. (1872) [1854]. "Mediolanum". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London: John Murray. hdl:2027/hvd.ah5cur.
- "Milan", Ballou's Monthly Magazine, Boston: Thomes & Talbot, February 1875, hdl:2027/nyp.33433081755823
- Fin Bec (August 1876), "Under Foreign Mahogany: Hotel Life in Milan", Gentleman's Magazine, London
- George Henry Townsend (1877), "Milan", A Manual of Dates (5th ed.), London: Frederick Warne & Co., hdl:2027/wu.89097349427
- "Milan", Cook's Tourist's Handbook for Northern Italy, London: T. Cook & Son, 1881
- J. Hardmeyer (1884), Milan, Illustrated Europe, Zurich: Orell Füssli & Co.
- W. Pembroke Fetridge (1884), "Milan", Harper's Hand-Book for Travellers in Europe and the East (23rd ed.), New York: Harper & Brothers, hdl:2027/nyp.33433066588363
- "Milan", Appleton's European Guide Book, New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1888
- "Milan", Bradshaw's Illustrated Hand-book to Italy, London: W.J. Adams & Sons, 1894
- "Milan", Hand-book for Travellers in Northern Italy (16th ed.), London: John Murray, 1897, OCLC 2231483
- in other languages
- Bernardino Corio (1554), L'historia di Milano (in Italian), Vinegia: Giovan Maria Bonelli, OL 22885135M
- Morigia, Paolo (1595), La nobiltà di Milano, Milan: Pontio; 2nd edn (1619) with additions by Girolamo Borsieri, Milan: Bidelli.
- Guide des étrangers à Milan et dans les environs de cette ville (in French), Milan: Pierre et Joseph Vallardi, 1819
- Pietro Verri (1850), Storia di Milano (in Italian), Milano: Oliva, OL 24138005M
- "Milano". Nuova Enciclopedia Italiana (in Italian) (6th ed.). Torino: Unione Tipografico-Editrice Torinese. 1887. hdl:2027/nnc1.cu08476810.
Published in the 20th century
- in English
- George Charles Williamson (1901), "Milan", Cities of Northern Italy, New York: A. Wessels company, OCLC 6516634
- Cecilia M. Ady (1907), History of Milan under the Sforza, London: Methuen & Co., OCLC 4369439, OL 6994215M
- Milan, Mediaeval Towns, London: J.M. Dent & Co., 1908
- Brown, Horatio Robert Forbes; Ashby, Thomas (1910). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). pp. 437–441.
- Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Milan", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co., hdl:2027/loc.ark:/13960/t89g6g776 – via Hathi Trust
- "Milan", Northern Italy (14th ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1913 + 1870 ed.
- W.J. Rolfe (1914), "Milan", Satchel Guide for the Vacation Tourist in Europe, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, hdl:2027/mdp.39015065280888
- John Foot (1995). "The Family and the 'Economic Miracle': Social Transformation, Work, Leisure and Development at Bovisa and Comasina (Milan), 1950-70". Contemporary European History. 4 (3): 315–338. doi:10.1017/s0960777300003507. JSTOR 20081556. S2CID 145084971.
- Trudy Ring, ed. (1996). "Milan". Southern Europe. International Dictionary of Historic Places. Vol. 3. Fitzroy Dearborn. OCLC 31045650.
- John Foot (1999). "Television and the City: The Impact of Television in Milan, 1954-1960". Contemporary European History. 8 (3): 379–394. doi:10.1017/S0960777399003033. JSTOR 20081718. PMID 20120561. S2CID 35221104.
- Stefano D'Amico (2000). "Crisis and Transformation: Economic Organization and Social Structures in Milan, 1570-1610". Social History. 25 (1): 1–21. doi:10.1080/030710200363249. JSTOR 4286606. S2CID 145362967.
- in Italian
- Francesco Malaguzzi Valeri (1906), Milano (in Italian), Bergamo: Istituto Italiano d'Arti Grafiche, OL 22335383M
- "Milano". Piemonte, Lombardia, Canton Ticino. Guida d'Italia (in Italian). Milan: Touring Club Italiano. 1916. p. 5+. hdl:2027/uiuo.ark:/13960/t1rf92c9w.
- Storia di Milano (in Italian). Fondazione Treccani. OCLC 461149469. 1953-1966 (17 volumes)
- Luigi Ganapini. Una città in guerra (Milano, 1939-1951) (Milan: Angeli, 1988)
- Achille Rastelli. Bombe sulla città. Gli attacchi aerei alleati: le vittime civili a Milano (Milan: Mursia, 2000)
Published in the 21st century
- in English
- "History of Italy". HistoryWorld. p. 2. Retrieved 4 February 2020.
- Lecco, Alberto; Foot, John (2020). "Milan Italy". Encyclopedia Britannica. Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc. Retrieved 4 February 2020.
- Stefano D'Amico (2001). "Rebirth of a City: Immigration and Trade in Milan, 1630-59". The Sixteenth Century Journal. 32 (3): 697–721. doi:10.2307/2671508. JSTOR 2671508. PMID 18939327.
- Anna Trono; Maria Chiara Zerbi (2002). "Milan: The city of constant renewal". GeoJournal. 58.
- Elisabetta Merlo; Francesca Polese (2006). "Turning Fashion into Business: The Emergence of Milan as an International Fashion Hub". Business History Review. 80 (3): 415–447. doi:10.1017/S0007680500035856. JSTOR 25097225. S2CID 156857344.
- ""Venice and Northern Italy, 1400–1600 A.D." Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History". The Met. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. 2019. Retrieved 4 February 2020.
- "Insider's Guide to Milan", Wall Street Journal, 2 October 2010
- "You Know You're a Milan Insider When". New York Times. 15 October 2010.
- Chris Wickham (2015). "Milan". Sleepwalking into a New World: The Emergence of Italian City Communes in the Twelfth Century. Princeton University Press. pp. 21–66. ISBN 978-1-4008-6582-6.
- in Italian
- Francesco Ogliari. Fiamme su Milano: I bombardamenti aerei 1940-1945 (Pavia: Selecta, 2005)
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Milan.
- Europeana. Items related to Milan, various dates.
- Digital Public Library of America. Items related to Milan, various dates
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