Quercygale
Quercygale ("weasel from Quercy") is an extinct genus of placental mammals from extinct family Quercygalidae within clade Carnivoraformes, that lived in Europe during the early to late Eocene.[7][8] Phylogenetic analysis of the basicranial morphology of carnivoramorphans suggests Quercygale is the most advanced member of clade Carnivoraformes as a sister taxon to crown group Carnivora, predating the split between Feliformia and Caniformia,[9][10][11] although another recent study has proposed genus Quercygale should be placed as a stem group within Feliformia.[12]
Quercygale Temporal range: Early to Late Eocene | |
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![]() | |
skull of species Quercygale angustidens | |
Scientific classification ![]() | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Mammalia |
Clade: | Pan-Carnivora |
Clade: | Carnivoramorpha |
Clade: | Carnivoraformes |
Family: | †Quercygalidae Kretzoi, 1945[1] |
Genus: | †Quercygale Kretzoi, 1945 |
Type species | |
†Quercygale angustidens Filhol, 1872 | |
Species | |
[see classification] | |
Synonyms | |
synonyms of genus:
synonyms of species:
|
Taxonomy
Species: | Distribution of the species and type locality: | Age: |
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†Q. angustidens (Filhol, 1872)[4] | ![]() |
40.0 - 37.5 Ma |
†Q. hastingsae (Davies, 1884)[13] | ![]() |
37.8 - 37.5 Ma |
†Q. helvetica (Rütimeyer, 1862)[14] | ![]() ![]() ![]() |
47.8 - 41.2 Ma |
†Q. smithi (Solé, 2014)[10] | ![]() |
55.2 - 47.8 Ma |
†Q. sp. [MNNA 9010] (Astibia, 2000)[15] | ![]() |
37.0 - 35.0 Ma |
Phylogeny
The phylogenetic relationships of genus Quercygale are shown in the following cladogram:[16][17][18][19]
Carnivoramorpha |
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†Gracilocyon/Oodectes clade †Vulpavus clade | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Carnivora [sensu lato]) |
See also
References
- Miklos Kretzoi (1945) "Bemerkungen über das Raubtiersystem." Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, Budapest, vol. 38, pp. 59-83.
- Gérard de Beaumont (1965.) "Les Viverravinae (Carnivora, Miacidae) de l’Eocène de la Suisse." Bulletin de la Société Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles 69:133–146.
- Depéret C. (1917.) "Monographie de la faune de mammiféres fossiles du Ludien inférieur d'Euget-les-Bains (Gard)." Ann. Univ. Lyon (N. S.), Div. 1, 40, 1-288.
- Filhol, H (1872). "Recherches sur les mammifères fossiles des dépots de phosphate de chaux dans les départements du Lot, du Tarn et de Tarn−et− Garonne". Annales des Sciences Géologiques. 3: 1–31.
- Van Valen, Leigh (1965). "Some European Proviverrini (Mammalia, Deltatheridia)" (PDF). Palaeontology. 8: 638–665.
- Donald E. Russell, Jean-Louis Hartenberger, Charles Pomerol, Sevket Sen, Norbert Schmidt-Kittler and Monique Vianey-Liaud (1982.) "Mammals and stratigraphy: the Paleocene of Europe" Palaeovertebrata Vol. 12
- McKenna, Malcolm C.; Bell, Susan K. (1997). Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-11012-9.
- "Quercygale". www.paleodb.org. Retrieved 11 March 2017.
- Wesley-Hunt, G. D.; Werdelin, L. (2005). "Basicranial morphology and phylogenetic position of the upper Eocene carnivoramorphan Quercygale". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 50 (4): 837–846.
- Solé, Floréal (2014). "New carnivoraforms from the early Eocene of Europe and their bearing on the evolution of the Carnivoraformes". Palaeontology. 57 (5): 963–978. Bibcode:2014Palgy..57..963S. doi:10.1111/pala.12097. ISSN 1475-4983. S2CID 129314381.
- Flink, T.; Werdelin, L. (2022). "Digital endocasts from two late Eocene carnivores shed light on the evolution of the brain at the origin of Carnivora". Papers in Palaeontology. 8 (2): e1422. doi:10.1002/spp2.1422. S2CID 247465166.
- Tomiya, Susumu; Tseng, Zhijie Jack (2016). "Whence the beardogs? Reappraisal of the Middle to Late Eocene 'Miacis' from Texas, USA, and the origin of Amphicyonidae (Mammalia, Carnivora)". Royal Society Open Science. 3 (10): 160518. Bibcode:2016RSOS....360518T. doi:10.1098/rsos.160518. ISSN 2054-5703. PMC 5098994. PMID 27853569.
- Davies, W. (1884). "Notes on some new carnivores from the British Eocene formations". Geological Magazine NS, Decade III. 1 (10): 433–438. Bibcode:1884GeoM....1..433D. doi:10.1017/s0016756800185802. S2CID 131595417.
- Rütimeyer, L. (1862.) "Eocaene Säugetiere aus dem Gebiet des Schweizerischen Jura." Neue Denkschriften der allgemeinen Schweizerischen Gesellschaft für die gesammten Naturwissenschaften, 19, 1–98.
- H. Astibia, A. Aranburu, X. Pereda Suberbiola, X. Murelaga, C. Sesé, M. A. Cuesta, S. Moyà-Solà, J. E. Baceta, A. Badiola and M. Köhler (2000.) "Un nouveau site à vertébrés continentaux de l'Éocène supérieur de Zambrana (Bassin de Maranda-Treviño, Alava, Pays basque)." Géobios 32(2):233-248
- Flynn, John J.; Finarelli, John A.; Spaulding, Michelle (2010). "Phylogeny of the Carnivora and Carnivoramorpha, and the use of the fossil record to enhance understanding of evolutionary transformations". In Goswami, Anjali; Friscia, Anthony (eds.). Carnivoran evolution. New views on phylogeny, form and function. Cambridge University Press. pp. 25–63. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139193436.003. ISBN 9781139193436.
- Solé, Floréal; Smith, Richard; Coillot, Tiphaine; de Bast, Eric; Smith, Thierry (2014). "Dental and tarsal anatomy of Miacis latouri and a phylogenetic analysis of the earliest carnivoraforms (Mammalia, Carnivoramorpha)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 34 (1): 1–21. Bibcode:2014JVPal..34....1S. doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.793195. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 86207013.
- Solé, Floréal; Smith, Thierry; De Bast, Eric; Codrea, Vlad; Gheerbrant, Emmanuel (2016). "New carnivoraforms from the latest Paleocene of Europe and their bearing on the origin and radiation of Carnivoraformes (Carnivoramorpha, Mammalia)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 36 (2): e1082480. Bibcode:2016JVPal..36E2480S. doi:10.1080/02724634.2016.1082480. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 87537565.
- Tomiya, S.; Zack, S. P.; Spaulding, M.; Flynn, J. J. (2021). "Carnivorous mammals from the middle Eocene Washakie Formation, Wyoming, USA, and their diversity trajectory in a post-warming world". Journal of Paleontology. 95 (Supplement S82): 1–115. Bibcode:2021JPal...95S...1T. doi:10.1017/jpa.2020.74. hdl:2433/274918. S2CID 232358160.