Lesmesodon

Lesmesodon ("tooth from Messel") is an extinct genus of placental mammals from extinct family Proviverridae within extinct superfamily Hyaenodontoidea (in extinct order Hyaenodonta), that lived during the Early to Middle Eocene.[4] It was found in France[3] and in the Messel Pit in Germany. Lesmesodon was a weasel-sized carnivorous mammal.[5]

Lesmesodon
Temporal range: Early to Middle Eocene
Fossil of Lesmesodon edingeri
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: †Hyaenodonta
Superfamily: †Hyaenodontoidea
Family: †Proviverridae
Genus: †Lesmesodon
Morlo & Habersetzer, 1999
Type species
†Lesmesodon edingeri
Springhorn, 1982
Species
  • †L. behnkeae (Morlo & Habersetzer, 1999)[1]
  • †L. edingeri (Springhorn, 1982)[2]
  • †L. gunnelli (Solé, 2021)[3]
Synonyms
synonyms of species:
  • L. edingeri:
    • Proviverra edingeri (Springhorn, 1982)

Phylogeny

The phylogenetic relationships of genus Lesmesodon are shown in the following cladogram.[6][7][8][3][9]

 †Hyaenodonta 

†Eoproviverra

†Boualitomidae

 †Hyaenodontoidea 
 †Proviverridae 
 †Lesmesodon 

†Lesmesodon behnkeae

†Lesmesodon edingeri

†Lesmesodon gunnelli

†Allopterodon

†Proviverra

†Morlodon

†Minimovellentodon

†Parvagula

†Hyaenodontidae

†Arfiidae

†Limnocyonidae

†Sinopidae

†Gazinocyon

†Pyrocyon

†Galecyon

 †Afro‑Arabian clade 

†Parvavorodon

†Indohyaenodontidae

†Glibzegdouia

†Koholiidae

†Tritemnodon

†Teratodontidae

†Apterodontinae

†Maocyon

 †Maocyon/Orienspterodon clade

†Orienspterodon

†Hyainailourinae

†Hemipsalodon

 ? 

†Ischnognathus

 †Akhnatenavus clade

†Akhnatenavus

†"Pterodon" sp. (BC 15’08)

†Hyainailourinae sp. (UON 84-359)

†Hyainailourinae sp. C (DPC 9243 & DPC 10315)

†Hyainailourinae sp. D (DPC 6545)

†Kerberos

†"Pterodon" syrtos

 †Pterodon clade

†Pterodontina

†Hyainailourinae sp. A (DPC 6555)

†"Pterodon" africanus

†Parapterodon

†"Pterodon" sp. (DPC 5036)

†"Pterodon" phiomensis

†Hyainailourini

†Paroxyaenini

†Falcatodon

†Sectisodon

†Exiguodon

†Isohyaenodon zadoki

†Isohyaenodon  (†Isohyaenodontina)

†Isohyaenodon andrewsi

†Sivapterodon

†Hyainailouros bugtiensis

†Hyainailouros napakensis

†Hyainailouros

†Hyainailouros sulzeri

†Hyainailourinae sp. (GSN AD 100’96)

†Simbakubwa

†Leakitheriini

†Megistotherium

†Mlanyama

†Metapterodontini

†Pakakali

†Prionogalidae

 †Hyainailouridae
†Lahimia clade
†Allopterodon/Proviverra
clade
†Arfia clade
†Galecyon clade
†Indohyaenodon clade
†Tritemnodon clade

See also

References
  1. Michael Morlo & Jörg Habersetzer (1999.) "The Hyaenodontidae (Creodonta, Mammalia) from the lower Middle Eocene (MP 11) of Messel (Germany) with special remarks on new x-ray methods" CFS Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 216, 31-73.
  2. Springhorn, R. (1982.) "Neue Raubtiere (Mammalia: Creodonta et Carnivora) aus dem Lutetium der Grube Messel (Deutschland)." Palaeontographica Abteilung A, 179, 105–141.
  3. Solé, F.; Morlo, M.; Schaal, T.; Lehmann, T. (2021). "New hyaenodonts (Mammalia) from the late Ypresian locality of Prémontré (France) support a radiation of the hyaenodonts in Europe already at the end of the early Eocene". Geobios. 66–67: 119–141. Bibcode:2021Geobi..66..119S. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2021.02.004. ISSN 0016-6995. S2CID 234848856.
  4. Egi, N.; Holroyd, P. A.; Tsubamoto, T.; Soe, A. N.; Takai, M.; Ciochon, R. L. (2005). "Proviverrine hyaenodontids (Creodonta: Mammalia) from the Eocene of Myanmar and a phylogenetic analysis of the proviverrines from the Para‐Tethys area". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 3 (4): 337. doi:10.1017/S1477201905001707. S2CID 85918991.
  5. "Episode 6 Field Guide: Tiny Horses, Galloping Crocs, and Fossilized Jungles". Past Time Paleo. 2013-08-16. Retrieved 2021-07-09.
  6. Borths, Matthew R; Stevens, Nancy J (2017). "Deciduous dentition and dental eruption of Hyainailouroidea (Hyaenodonta, "Creodonta," Placentalia, Mammalia)". Palaeontologia Electronica. 20 (3): 55A. doi:10.26879/776.
  7. Matthew R. Borths; Nancy J. Stevens (2019). "Simbakubwa kutokaafrika, gen. et sp. nov. (Hyainailourinae, Hyaenodonta, 'Creodonta,' Mammalia), a gigantic carnivore from the earliest Miocene of Kenya". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 39 (1): e1570222. Bibcode:2019JVPal..39E0222B. doi:10.1080/02724634.2019.1570222. S2CID 145972918.
  8. Floréal Solé; Bernard Marandat; Fabrice Lihoreau (2020). "The hyaenodonts (Mammalia) from the French locality of Aumelas (Hérault), with possible new representatives from the late Ypresian". Geodiversitas. 42 (13): 185–214. doi:10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a13.
  9. Averianov, Alexander; Obraztsova, Ekaterina; Danilov, Igor; Jin, Jian-Hua (2023). "A new hypercarnivorous hyaenodont from the Eocene of South China". Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 11. doi:10.3389/fevo.2023.1076819. ISSN 2296-701X.
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