Microsaccus

Microsaccus is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It is native to Southeast Asia.[1]

Microsaccus
Botanical illustration of Microsaccus griffithii as Microsaccus brevifolius
Botanical illustration of floral details of Microsaccus javensis
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Epidendroideae
Tribe: Vandeae
Subtribe: Aeridinae
Genus: Microsaccus
Blume[1]
Synonyms[1]

This genus has no synonyms

Description

Vegetative characteristics

These miniature epiphytes produce laterally flattened, distichously arranged leaves on thin stems.[2][3]

Generative characteristics

The usually two-flowered inflorescences are short.[3] The spurred, minuscule flowers have a simple labellum.[2] The flowers have four pollinia.[4] Within the fruits there are pale brown to whitish trichomes with an oblong-elliptic basal zone. They have perforations in the basal region.[5]

Etymology

The generic name Microsaccus is composed of the Greek words μικρός (mikrós) meaning small and saccus meaning sack, which refers to the labellum.[6]

Ecology

Microsaccus truncatus is known to grow epiphytically in montane forest at 1200 m above sea level.[6] Microsaccus griffithii occurs in forests at elevations of 500 - 2770 m above sea level.[7]

Physiology

Microsaccus uses CAM photosynthesis.[7]

Taxonomy

Species

The genus contains 13 accepted species:[1]

  1. Microsaccus affinis J.J.Sm. - Java
  2. Microsaccus albovirescens J.J.Sm. - Sumatra
  3. Microsaccus ampullaceus J.J.Sm. - Sumatra, Borneo, Malaysia
  4. Microsaccus borneensis J.J.Sm. - Borneo
  5. Microsaccus canaliculatus J.J.Sm. - Sumatra
  6. Microsaccus dempoensis J.J.Sm. - Sumatra
  7. Microsaccus griffithii (C.S.P.Parish & Rchb.f.) Seidenf. - Cambodia, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Borneo, Malaysia, Java, Sumatra, Philippines
  8. Microsaccus javensis Blume - Malaysia, Java
  9. Microsaccus mihoae P.O'Byrne & Gokusing - Borneo
  10. Microsaccus ramosus J.J.Sm. - Java
  11. Microsaccus sumatranus J.J.Sm. - Malaysia, Sumatra
  12. Microsaccus truncatus Carr - Malaysia
  13. Microsaccus wenzelii Ames - Philippines

Phylogeny

It is closely related to the genus Jejewoodia .[8] One species, namely Jejewoodia longicalcarata (Ames & C.Schweinf.) J.J.Wood used to be Microsaccus longicalcaratus Ames & C.Schweinf.[9] It has been suggested to reunite these two genera, due to their similar appearance. Another closely related genus is Adenocos, which does not have a spur, unlike the former two genera.[8]

Horticulture

Microsaccus can be cultivated under moist conditions with a lot of air movement, and intermediate temperatures. The plants should be placed in a semi-shaded position. It is rarely cultivated.[6]

See also

References
  1. "Microsaccus Blume". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 9 January 2022.
  2. Teoh, E.S. (2021). Microsaccus Bl. In: Orchid Species from Himalaya and Southeast Asia Vol. 2 (G - P). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80428-2_18
  3. Seidenfaden, G., Wood, J., & Holttum, R. (1992). "The Orchids of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore." Olsen & Olsen.
  4. Zou, L. H., Huang, J. X., Zhang, G. Q., Liu, Z. J., & Zhuang, X. Y. (2015). "A molecular phylogeny of Aeridinae (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae) inferred from multiple nuclear and chloroplast regions." Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 85, 247-254.
  5. Gamarra, R., & Ortúñez, E. (2021). "Endocarpic trichomes in Vandeae (Orchidaceae)." Flora, 280, 151844.
  6. Puccio, P. (n.d.). Microsaccus truncatus. Monaco Nature Encyclopedia. Retrieved January 9, 2023, from https://www.monaconatureencyclopedia.com/microsaccus-truncatus/
  7. Microsaccus griffithii. (n.d.). Hortus Orchis. Retrieved January 9, 2023, from https://www.hortusorchis.org/en/botanical-orchids/118-m/1483-microsaccus-brevifolius.html
  8. Pridgeon, A., Cribb, P., Chase, M., & Rasmussen, F. (2014). "Genera Orchidacearum Volume 6: Epidendroideae (Part 3)." pp. 118, 204, 212. OUP Oxford.
  9. "Jejewoodia longicalcarata (Ames & C.Schweinf.) J.J.Wood". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 9 January 2022.


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