Vandeae

The Vandeae is a large monophyletic tribe within the family of orchids.

Vandeae
Temporal range: Late Oligocene – Recent[1]
Bromheadia brevifolia (Adrorhizinae)
Cyrtorchis arcuata (Angraecinae)
Trichoglottis atropurpurea (Aeridinae)
Polystachya aconitiflora (Polystachyinae)
Diversity of Vandeae
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Epidendroideae
Tribe: Vandeae
Type genus
Vanda R.Br.
Subtribes
Synonyms[2]
  • Polystachyeae Pfitzer (1887)
  • Sarcantheae Pfitzer (1887)
  • Polyrrhizeae Small (1933)
  • Adrorhizeae (Schltr.) Szlach. (1995)

Scope

This tribe contains 1,700 - 2,000 species in more than 150 genera.[3]

Bubble diagram comparing species richness among orchid genera belonging to the tribe Vandeae

Epiphytic

These orchids are pantropical epiphytes and occur in tropical Asia, the Pacific Islands, Australia and Africa. Many of these orchids are horticulturally important, especially Vanda and Phalaenopsis.

Subtribes

This tribe is subdivided into four subtribes:[4]

  • Subtribe Adrorhizinae
  • Subtribe Aeridinae (formerly, illegitimate subtribal name Sarcanthinae): largest subtribe with more than 1,000 species in 103 genera, including about 200 hybrid species; occurs mostly in Asia and Australia and with a few in Africa. They are distinguished from the other subtribes by having an entire rostellum, a relatively small spur formed by the lip, and four (or two) pollinia.
  • Subtribe Angraecinae Summerh.: about 400 species in 19 genera. They occur in tropical Africa, Madagascar, the Mascarene and Comoros Islands and two genera in tropical America. They are distinguished from the other subtribes by having an apron-like rostellum, an elongate spur, and two pollinia.
  • Subtribe Polystachyinae (formerly part of the Epidendreae) : about 220 species in two genera : Hederorkis and Polystachya. They all show four pollinia. The lip often has mealy hairs called pseudopollen on the upper surface.

The following phylogenetic tree shows the relationships among the subtribes:[5]

Vandeae s.l.

Aeridinae

Angraecinae (including Aerangidinae)

Adrorhizinae

Polystachyinae

The subtribe Aerangidinae Summerh. is increasingly included within Angraecinae. The subtribe Angraecinae is a well supported, monophyletic group under the inclusion of Aerangidinae. Separating these groups would make them polyphyletic.[6][7]

The divergence time of Vandeae has been estimated to be 25.31 Mya.[1]

  • Polystachya virginea Summerh., a member of the subtribe Polystachyinae
    Polystachya virginea Summerh., a member of the subtribe Polystachyinae
  • Bromheadia brevifolia Ridl., a member of the subtribe Adrorhizinae
    Bromheadia brevifolia Ridl., a member of the subtribe Adrorhizinae
  • Thrixspermum calceolus (Lindl.) Rchb.f., a member of the subtribe Aeridinae
    Thrixspermum calceolus (Lindl.) Rchb.f., a member of the subtribe Aeridinae
  • Angraecum magdalenae Schltr. & H.Perrier, a member of the subtribe Angraecinae
    Angraecum magdalenae Schltr. & H.Perrier, a member of the subtribe Angraecinae

See also

References
  1. Kim, Y. K., Jo, S., Cheon, S. H., Kwak, M., Kim, Y. D., & Kim, K. J. (2020). Plastome evolution and phylogeny of subtribe Aeridinae (Vandeae, Orchidaceae). Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 144, 106721.
  2. Pridgeon, A., Cribb, P., Rasmussen, F., & Chase, M. (2014). "Genera Orchidacearum: Epidendroideae." p. 101. Oxford University Press.
  3. Chase M. W. Freudenstein J. V. Cameron K. M. Barrett R. L. (2003). "DNA data and Orchidaceae systematics: a new phylogenetic classification". Orchid Conservation: 69–89.
  4. Simo-Droissart, M., Plunkett, G. M., Droissart, V., Edwards, M. B., Farminhão, J. N., Ječmenica, V., ... & Stévart, T. (2018). "New phylogenetic insights toward developing a natural generic classification of African angraecoid orchids (Vandeae, Orchidaceae)." Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 126, 241-249.
  5. Freudenstein, J. V., & Chase, M. W. (2015). "Phylogenetic relationships in Epidendroideae (Orchidaceae), one of the great flowering plant radiations: progressive specialization and diversification." Annals of botany, 115(4), 665-681.
  6. Szlachetko, D. L., Tukallo, P., Mytnik-Ejsmont, J., & Grochocka, E. (2013). "Reclassification of the Angraecum-alliance (Orchidaceae, Vandoideae) based on molecular and morphological data." Biodiversity Research and Conservation, 29, 1.
  7. Carlsward, B. S., Whitten, W. M., Williams, N. H., & Bytebier, B. (2006). "Molecular phylogenetics of Vandeae (Orchidaceae) and the evolution of leaflessness." American Journal of Botany, 93(5), 770-786.
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