1992 United States presidential election in Iowa
The 1992 United States presidential election in Iowa took place on November 3, 1992, as part of the 1992 United States presidential election. Voters chose seven representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.
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 County Results
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| Elections in Iowa |
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Iowa was won by Democratic Governor Bill Clinton of Arkansas with 43.29% of the popular vote over incumbent Republican President George H. W. Bush's 37.27%, a victory margin of 6.01%. Independent businessman Ross Perot finished in third, with 18.71% of the popular vote.[1] Clinton ultimately won the national vote, defeating incumbent President Bush and Perot.[2] Iowa was the only state which swung more Republican than it had been in 1988.
This was the first time since 1936 that the state voted Democratic in consecutive elections.
Democratic caucuses
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Democratic National Convention delegates The number of pledged delegates won is determined by the number of state delegate equivalents (SDEs) won[lower-alpha 1] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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In the presidential caucuses most candidates for the Democratic nomination did not campaign in Iowa because of the presence of Tom Harkin, a longtime U.S. Senator representing Iowa.[3]
Harkin was running for president in 1992 as a populist with labor union support who criticized George H. W. Bush for being out of touch with working class Americans.[4] Harkin was an early favorite in a small field of five candidates. Harkin easily won the caucus with 76% of the vote, uncommitted got second place with 11%, Senator Paul Tsongas came in third, with 4%, and Governor Bill Clinton finished fourth, with 2%.
Voter turnout in the caucuses fell from over 120,000 in the 1988 caucus to less than 40,000. Voter turnout would later increase to around 120,000 for the 2000 caucuses.[5] As the race was not contested, these results had little effect on the remaining primaries, and the New Hampshire primary took on added importance.[3]
| Iowa Democratic Presidential Caucus Results – 1992[6] | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | State delegate equivalents | Percentage | Delegates | ||
| Democratic | Tom Harkin | 2,314 | 77.24% | 26 | ||
| Democratic | Uncommitted | 355 | 11.85% | 15 | ||
| Democratic | Paul Tsongas | 128 | 4.27% | 0 | ||
| Democratic | Bill Clinton | 76 | 2.54% | 7 | ||
| Democratic | Robert Kerrey | 72 | 2.40% | 0 | ||
| Democratic | Jerry Brown | 51 | 1.70% | 1 | ||
Tom Harkin won every county by large margins. The delegate totals reflect their final distribution, not their projected allocation immediately following the caucus.
Results
| 1992 United States presidential election in Iowa[1] | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Candidate | Votes | Percentage | Electoral votes | |
| Democratic | Bill Clinton | 586,353 | 43.29% | 7 | |
| Republican | George H. W. Bush (incumbent) | 504,891 | 37.27% | 0 | |
| Independent | Ross Perot | 253,468 | 18.71% | 0 | |
| Natural Law | Dr. John Hagelin | 3,079 | 0.23% | 0 | |
| Write-ins | 2,102 | 0.13% | 0 | ||
| America First | James "Bo" Gritz | 1,177 | 0.09% | 0 | |
| Libertarian | Andre Marrou | 1,076 | 0.08% | 0 | |
| Grassroots | Jack Herer | 669 | 0.05% | 0 | |
| Independent | John Yiamouyiannis | 604 | 0.04% | 0 | |
| Taxpayers’ | Howard Phillips | 480 | 0.04% | 0 | |
| Socialist Workers Party | James Warren | 273 | 0.02% | 0 | |
| Democrats for Economic Recovery | Lyndon LaRouche | 238 | 0.02% | 0 | |
| New Alliance Party | Lenora Fulani | 197 | 0.01% | 0 | |
| Totals | 1,354,607 | 100.0% | 7 | ||
| Voter Turnout (Voting age/Registered) | 65%/80% | ||||
Results by county
| County | William Jefferson Clinton[7] Democratic |
George Herbert Walker Bush[7] Republican |
Henry Ross Perot[7] Independent |
Dr. John Hagelin[7] Natural Law |
Various candidates[7] Other parties |
Margin | Total votes cast | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | ||
| Adair | 1,655 | 39.46% | 1,713 | 40.84% | 814 | 19.41% | 1 | 0.02% | 11 | 0.26% | -58 | -1.38% | 4,194 |
| Adams | 1,034 | 39.83% | 863 | 33.24% | 679 | 26.16% | 2 | 0.08% | 18 | 0.69% | 171 | 6.59% | 2,596 |
| Allamakee | 2,362 | 35.36% | 2,627 | 39.33% | 1,543 | 23.10% | 4 | 0.06% | 143 | 2.14% | -265 | -3.97% | 6,679 |
| Appanoose | 2,810 | 44.09% | 2,346 | 36.81% | 1,161 | 18.22% | 6 | 0.09% | 50 | 0.78% | 464 | 7.28% | 6,373 |
| Audubon | 1,589 | 41.03% | 1,373 | 35.45% | 887 | 22.90% | 7 | 0.18% | 17 | 0.44% | 216 | 5.58% | 3,873 |
| Benton | 4,467 | 42.79% | 3,469 | 33.23% | 2,454 | 23.51% | 8 | 0.08% | 41 | 0.39% | 998 | 9.56% | 10,439 |
| Black Hawk | 29,584 | 48.06% | 21,398 | 34.77% | 10,182 | 16.54% | 64 | 0.10% | 322 | 0.52% | 8,186 | 13.30% | 61,550 |
| Boone | 5,913 | 48.39% | 4,148 | 33.95% | 2,070 | 16.94% | 12 | 0.10% | 76 | 0.62% | 1,765 | 14.44% | 12,219 |
| Bremer | 4,774 | 40.75% | 4,482 | 38.26% | 2,338 | 19.96% | 7 | 0.06% | 113 | 0.96% | 292 | 2.49% | 11,714 |
| Buchanan | 4,166 | 43.15% | 3,313 | 34.32% | 2,126 | 22.02% | 6 | 0.06% | 43 | 0.45% | 853 | 8.84% | 9,654 |
| Buena Vista | 3,374 | 36.45% | 3,863 | 41.73% | 1,955 | 21.12% | 13 | 0.14% | 52 | 0.56% | -489 | -5.28% | 9,257 |
| Butler | 2,548 | 35.70% | 3,209 | 44.96% | 1,333 | 18.68% | 10 | 0.14% | 37 | 0.52% | -661 | -9.26% | 7,137 |
| Calhoun | 2,140 | 40.58% | 2,169 | 41.13% | 946 | 17.94% | 5 | 0.09% | 14 | 0.27% | -29 | -0.55% | 5,274 |
| Carroll | 3,800 | 40.11% | 3,439 | 36.30% | 2,192 | 23.13% | 3 | 0.03% | 41 | 0.43% | 361 | 3.81% | 9,475 |
| Cass | 2,231 | 31.61% | 3,176 | 45.00% | 1,608 | 22.78% | 3 | 0.04% | 40 | 0.57% | -945 | -13.39% | 7,058 |
| Cedar | 3,296 | 40.00% | 2,965 | 35.98% | 1,945 | 23.60% | 10 | 0.12% | 24 | 0.29% | 331 | 4.02% | 8,240 |
| Cerro Gordo | 11,415 | 46.99% | 8,250 | 33.96% | 4,498 | 18.52% | 24 | 0.10% | 106 | 0.44% | 3,165 | 13.03% | 24,293 |
| Cherokee | 2,590 | 37.57% | 2,768 | 40.16% | 1,503 | 21.80% | 5 | 0.07% | 27 | 0.39% | -178 | -2.58% | 6,893 |
| Chickasaw | 2,913 | 43.87% | 2,129 | 32.06% | 1,566 | 23.58% | 2 | 0.03% | 30 | 0.45% | 784 | 11.81% | 6,640 |
| Clarke | 1,921 | 45.09% | 1,417 | 33.26% | 899 | 21.10% | 9 | 0.21% | 14 | 0.33% | 504 | 11.83% | 4,260 |
| Clay | 3,346 | 39.93% | 3,011 | 35.93% | 1,964 | 23.44% | 6 | 0.07% | 53 | 0.63% | 335 | 4.00% | 8,380 |
| Clayton | 3,742 | 40.72% | 3,044 | 33.12% | 2,309 | 25.13% | 13 | 0.14% | 82 | 0.89% | 698 | 7.60% | 9,190 |
| Clinton | 11,683 | 46.81% | 8,746 | 35.04% | 4,414 | 17.68% | 13 | 0.05% | 104 | 0.42% | 2,937 | 11.77% | 24,960 |
| Crawford | 3,004 | 39.16% | 2,693 | 35.10% | 1,905 | 24.83% | 5 | 0.07% | 65 | 0.85% | 311 | 4.05% | 7,672 |
| Dallas | 6,554 | 44.10% | 5,587 | 37.60% | 2,665 | 17.93% | 10 | 0.07% | 45 | 0.30% | 967 | 6.51% | 14,861 |
| Davis | 1,962 | 48.55% | 1,344 | 33.26% | 718 | 17.77% | 3 | 0.07% | 14 | 0.35% | 618 | 15.29% | 4,041 |
| Decatur | 1,866 | 46.81% | 1,316 | 33.02% | 786 | 19.72% | 1 | 0.03% | 17 | 0.43% | 550 | 13.80% | 3,986 |
| Delaware | 3,093 | 36.42% | 3,195 | 37.62% | 2,144 | 25.25% | 12 | 0.14% | 48 | 0.57% | -102 | -1.20% | 8,492 |
| Des Moines | 11,309 | 53.37% | 6,378 | 30.10% | 3,386 | 15.98% | 17 | 0.08% | 100 | 0.47% | 4,931 | 23.27% | 21,190 |
| Dickinson | 3,106 | 37.40% | 3,196 | 38.48% | 1,974 | 23.77% | 3 | 0.04% | 26 | 0.31% | -90 | -1.08% | 8,305 |
| Dubuque | 20,539 | 47.80% | 14,007 | 32.60% | 8,208 | 19.10% | 46 | 0.11% | 168 | 0.39% | 6,532 | 15.20% | 42,968 |
| Emmet | 2,239 | 44.50% | 1,749 | 34.76% | 1,010 | 20.07% | 9 | 0.18% | 25 | 0.50% | 490 | 9.74% | 5,032 |
| Fayette | 4,412 | 40.62% | 3,879 | 35.71% | 2,493 | 22.95% | 10 | 0.09% | 67 | 0.62% | 533 | 4.91% | 10,861 |
| Floyd | 3,688 | 47.59% | 2,404 | 31.02% | 1,611 | 20.79% | 6 | 0.08% | 41 | 0.53% | 1,284 | 16.57% | 7,750 |
| Franklin | 2,049 | 38.91% | 2,137 | 40.58% | 1,045 | 19.84% | 2 | 0.04% | 33 | 0.63% | -88 | -1.67% | 5,266 |
| Fremont | 1,422 | 36.36% | 1,459 | 37.31% | 1,003 | 25.65% | 7 | 0.18% | 20 | 0.51% | -37 | -0.95% | 3,911 |
| Greene | 2,422 | 45.25% | 1,952 | 36.47% | 956 | 17.86% | 1 | 0.02% | 22 | 0.41% | 470 | 8.78% | 5,353 |
| Grundy | 1,895 | 30.78% | 3,160 | 51.33% | 1,069 | 17.37% | 3 | 0.05% | 29 | 0.47% | -1,265 | -20.55% | 6,156 |
| Guthrie | 2,234 | 40.97% | 1,962 | 35.98% | 1,216 | 22.30% | 5 | 0.09% | 36 | 0.66% | 272 | 4.99% | 5,453 |
| Hamilton | 3,262 | 42.47% | 3,031 | 39.46% | 1,348 | 17.55% | 11 | 0.14% | 29 | 0.38% | 231 | 3.01% | 7,681 |
| Hancock | 2,175 | 37.46% | 2,428 | 41.82% | 1,170 | 20.15% | 6 | 0.10% | 27 | 0.47% | -253 | -4.36% | 5,806 |
| Hardin | 3,792 | 42.23% | 3,590 | 39.98% | 1,547 | 17.23% | 7 | 0.08% | 43 | 0.48% | 202 | 2.25% | 8,979 |
| Harrison | 2,349 | 34.20% | 2,763 | 40.23% | 1,691 | 24.62% | 6 | 0.09% | 59 | 0.86% | -414 | -6.03% | 6,868 |
| Henry | 3,544 | 41.08% | 3,435 | 39.81% | 1,522 | 17.64% | 34 | 0.39% | 93 | 1.08% | 109 | 1.26% | 8,628 |
| Howard | 2,099 | 43.17% | 1,516 | 31.18% | 1,193 | 24.54% | 3 | 0.06% | 51 | 1.05% | 583 | 11.99% | 4,862 |
| Humboldt | 1,765 | 34.04% | 2,299 | 44.34% | 1,093 | 21.08% | 3 | 0.06% | 25 | 0.48% | -534 | -10.30% | 5,185 |
| Ida | 1,449 | 34.18% | 1,714 | 40.43% | 1,061 | 25.03% | 1 | 0.02% | 14 | 0.33% | -265 | -6.25% | 4,239 |
| Iowa | 2,560 | 36.76% | 2,656 | 38.13% | 1,709 | 24.54% | 6 | 0.09% | 34 | 0.49% | -96 | -1.38% | 6,965 |
| Jackson | 4,421 | 47.52% | 2,673 | 28.73% | 2,096 | 22.53% | 10 | 0.11% | 103 | 1.11% | 1,748 | 18.79% | 9,303 |
| Jasper | 8,120 | 45.08% | 6,866 | 38.12% | 2,972 | 16.50% | 12 | 0.07% | 42 | 0.23% | 1,254 | 6.96% | 18,012 |
| Jefferson | 2,562 | 30.72% | 2,541 | 30.46% | 1,241 | 14.88% | 1,899 | 22.77% | 98 | 1.17% | 21 | 0.25% | 8,341 |
| Johnson | 28,656 | 55.35% | 14,041 | 27.12% | 8,625 | 16.66% | 69 | 0.13% | 383 | 0.74% | 14,615 | 28.23% | 51,774 |
| Jones | 3,508 | 39.42% | 3,071 | 34.51% | 2,306 | 25.91% | 3 | 0.03% | 12 | 0.13% | 437 | 4.91% | 8,900 |
| Keokuk | 2,329 | 41.76% | 1,981 | 35.52% | 1,238 | 22.20% | 11 | 0.20% | 18 | 0.32% | 348 | 6.24% | 5,577 |
| Kossuth | 3,660 | 40.40% | 3,464 | 38.24% | 1,906 | 21.04% | 6 | 0.07% | 23 | 0.25% | 196 | 2.16% | 9,059 |
| Lee | 9,366 | 54.61% | 4,777 | 27.85% | 2,920 | 17.02% | 11 | 0.06% | 78 | 0.45% | 4,589 | 26.75% | 17,152 |
| Linn | 38,567 | 43.39% | 30,215 | 33.99% | 19,643 | 22.10% | 101 | 0.11% | 359 | 0.40% | 8,352 | 9.40% | 88,885 |
| Louisa | 2,091 | 43.17% | 1,691 | 34.91% | 1,044 | 21.55% | 2 | 0.04% | 16 | 0.33% | 400 | 8.26% | 4,844 |
| Lucas | 2,072 | 44.33% | 1,734 | 37.10% | 848 | 18.14% | 4 | 0.09% | 16 | 0.34% | 338 | 7.23% | 4,674 |
| Lyon | 1,331 | 23.24% | 3,272 | 57.14% | 1,068 | 18.65% | 2 | 0.03% | 53 | 0.93% | -1,941 | -33.90% | 5,726 |
| Madison | 2,525 | 41.06% | 2,421 | 39.37% | 1,168 | 18.99% | 6 | 0.10% | 29 | 0.47% | 104 | 1.69% | 6,149 |
| Mahaska | 3,714 | 36.24% | 4,953 | 48.34% | 1,508 | 14.72% | 8 | 0.08% | 64 | 0.62% | -1,239 | -12.09% | 10,247 |
| Marion | 5,531 | 40.87% | 6,062 | 44.79% | 1,896 | 14.01% | 6 | 0.04% | 38 | 0.28% | -531 | -3.92% | 13,533 |
| Marshall | 8,303 | 45.40% | 6,784 | 37.09% | 3,100 | 16.95% | 17 | 0.09% | 85 | 0.46% | 1,519 | 8.31% | 18,289 |
| Mills | 1,798 | 29.16% | 2,699 | 43.77% | 1,638 | 26.57% | 3 | 0.05% | 28 | 0.45% | -901 | -14.61% | 6,166 |
| Mitchell | 2,177 | 40.71% | 1,933 | 36.15% | 1,199 | 22.42% | 4 | 0.07% | 34 | 0.64% | 244 | 4.56% | 5,347 |
| Monona | 1,939 | 39.99% | 1,660 | 34.23% | 1,231 | 25.39% | 1 | 0.02% | 18 | 0.37% | 279 | 5.75% | 4,849 |
| Monroe | 1,829 | 48.36% | 1,323 | 34.98% | 612 | 16.18% | 4 | 0.11% | 14 | 0.37% | 506 | 13.38% | 3,782 |
| Montgomery | 1,599 | 29.78% | 2,404 | 44.78% | 1,341 | 24.98% | 7 | 0.13% | 18 | 0.34% | -805 | -14.99% | 5,369 |
| Muscatine | 7,089 | 42.04% | 6,087 | 36.09% | 3,583 | 21.25% | 15 | 0.09% | 90 | 0.53% | 1,002 | 5.94% | 16,864 |
| O'Brien | 2,122 | 28.00% | 3,869 | 51.06% | 1,557 | 20.55% | 4 | 0.05% | 26 | 0.34% | -1,747 | -23.05% | 7,578 |
| Osceola | 990 | 27.50% | 1,756 | 48.78% | 813 | 22.58% | 2 | 0.06% | 39 | 1.08% | -766 | -21.28% | 3,600 |
| Page | 1,951 | 26.69% | 3,670 | 50.21% | 1,669 | 22.83% | 7 | 0.10% | 13 | 0.18% | -1,719 | -23.52% | 7,310 |
| Palo Alto | 2,374 | 44.13% | 1,789 | 33.26% | 1,186 | 22.05% | 4 | 0.07% | 26 | 0.48% | 585 | 10.88% | 5,379 |
| Plymouth | 3,171 | 30.25% | 5,196 | 49.56% | 2,039 | 19.45% | 8 | 0.08% | 70 | 0.67% | -2,025 | -19.32% | 10,484 |
| Pocahontas | 1,919 | 41.10% | 1,743 | 37.33% | 942 | 20.18% | 13 | 0.28% | 52 | 1.11% | 176 | 3.77% | 4,669 |
| Polk | 78,585 | 46.98% | 63,708 | 38.09% | 24,155 | 14.44% | 94 | 0.06% | 716 | 0.43% | 14,877 | 8.89% | 167,258 |
| Pottawattamie | 13,228 | 35.64% | 15,671 | 42.22% | 8,035 | 21.65% | 44 | 0.12% | 137 | 0.37% | -2,443 | -6.58% | 37,115 |
| Poweshiek | 4,056 | 44.83% | 3,245 | 35.87% | 1,680 | 18.57% | 10 | 0.11% | 56 | 0.62% | 811 | 8.96% | 9,047 |
| Ringgold | 1,341 | 46.74% | 967 | 33.71% | 551 | 19.21% | 3 | 0.10% | 7 | 0.24% | 374 | 13.04% | 2,869 |
| Sac | 1,896 | 36.36% | 2,138 | 41.00% | 1,157 | 22.19% | 5 | 0.10% | 19 | 0.36% | -242 | -4.64% | 5,215 |
| Scott | 33,765 | 45.22% | 28,844 | 38.63% | 11,423 | 15.30% | 80 | 0.11% | 550 | 0.74% | 4,921 | 6.59% | 74,662 |
| Shelby | 2,094 | 32.00% | 2,809 | 42.92% | 1,614 | 24.66% | 1 | 0.02% | 26 | 0.40% | -715 | -10.93% | 6,544 |
| Sioux | 2,226 | 15.11% | 10,637 | 72.21% | 1,771 | 12.02% | 5 | 0.03% | 91 | 0.62% | -8,411 | -57.10% | 14,730 |
| Story | 17,118 | 47.14% | 12,702 | 34.98% | 6,275 | 17.28% | 24 | 0.07% | 192 | 0.53% | 4,416 | 12.16% | 36,311 |
| Tama | 3,573 | 42.89% | 2,948 | 35.39% | 1,748 | 20.98% | 18 | 0.22% | 43 | 0.52% | 625 | 7.50% | 8,330 |
| Taylor | 1,430 | 40.27% | 1,200 | 33.79% | 910 | 25.63% | 2 | 0.06% | 9 | 0.25% | 230 | 6.48% | 3,551 |
| Union | 2,565 | 42.04% | 2,224 | 36.45% | 1,280 | 20.98% | 7 | 0.11% | 26 | 0.43% | 341 | 5.59% | 6,102 |
| Van Buren | 1,464 | 39.46% | 1,418 | 38.22% | 811 | 21.86% | 6 | 0.16% | 11 | 0.30% | 46 | 1.24% | 3,710 |
| Wapello | 6,870 | 48.10% | 4,852 | 33.97% | 2,513 | 17.59% | 12 | 0.08% | 36 | 0.25% | 2,018 | 14.13% | 14,283 |
| Warren | 8,612 | 44.95% | 7,242 | 37.80% | 3,217 | 16.79% | 12 | 0.06% | 74 | 0.39% | 1,370 | 7.15% | 19,157 |
| Washington | 3,384 | 37.52% | 3,576 | 39.65% | 1,994 | 22.11% | 15 | 0.17% | 49 | 0.54% | -192 | -2.13% | 9,018 |
| Wayne | 1,632 | 45.54% | 1,299 | 36.24% | 642 | 17.91% | 2 | 0.06% | 9 | 0.25% | 333 | 9.29% | 3,584 |
| Webster | 8,562 | 45.25% | 6,992 | 36.95% | 3,272 | 17.29% | 18 | 0.10% | 77 | 0.41% | 1,570 | 8.30% | 18,921 |
| Winnebago | 2,322 | 38.20% | 2,407 | 39.60% | 1,329 | 21.87% | 2 | 0.03% | 18 | 0.30% | -85 | -1.40% | 6,078 |
| Winneshiek | 3,791 | 39.39% | 3,331 | 34.61% | 2,416 | 25.10% | 5 | 0.05% | 81 | 0.84% | 460 | 4.78% | 9,624 |
| Woodbury | 17,398 | 40.59% | 18,148 | 42.34% | 7,182 | 16.76% | 19 | 0.04% | 117 | 0.27% | -750 | -1.75% | 42,864 |
| Worth | 2,009 | 45.17% | 1,382 | 31.07% | 1,044 | 23.47% | 3 | 0.07% | 10 | 0.22% | 627 | 14.10% | 4,448 |
| Wright | 2,776 | 41.65% | 2,708 | 40.63% | 1,151 | 17.27% | 6 | 0.09% | 24 | 0.36% | 68 | 1.02% | 6,665 |
| Totals | 586,353 | 43.29% | 504,891 | 37.27% | 253,468 | 18.71% | 3,079 | 0.23% | 6,816 | 0.50% | 81,462 | 6.01% | 1,354,607 |
Counties that flipped from Democratic to Republican
By congressional district
Clinton won 4 of the 5 congressional districts, including three that elected Republicans.
| District | Bush | Clinton | Representative |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | 34% | 46% | Jim Leach |
| 2nd | 35% | 44% | Jim Nussle |
| 3rd | 36% | 45% | Jim Ross Lightfoot |
| 4th | 39% | 43% | Neal Smith |
| 5th | 42% | 38% | Fred Grandy |
Notes
- The number of pledged national convention delegates is calculated through the number of SDEs won, however, a candidate must get both at least 15% of the total vote to get statewide delegates and at least 15% of the vote in a congressional district to get district delegates from that district. Each precinct has a certain number of SDEs and allocates them based on how many caucus goers there are for each candidate at that precinct.
References
- "1992 Presidential General Election Results - Iowa". U.S. Election Atlas. Retrieved June 8, 2012.
- "1992 Presidential General Election Results". U.S. Election Atlas. Retrieved June 8, 2012.
- Carville, James. "The Comeback Kid". Boston.com.
- Miller, Judith: "Tom Harkin's Old-Time Religion", New York Times Magazine, February 9, 1992
- Wayne, Stephen (2008). Parties and Elections in America: The Electoral Process Fifth Edition. Rowman & Littlefield.
- Dave Leip's US Election Atlas
- "IA US President Race, November 03, 1992". Our Campigns.
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