Guan County, Shandong
Guan County (simplified Chinese: 冠县; traditional Chinese: 冠縣; pinyin: Guàn Xiàn) is a county of western Shandong province, People's Republic of China, bordered by Hebei province to the west. It is administered by Liaocheng City.
Guanxian
冠县 | |
|---|---|
  Guanxian Location of the seat in Shandong | |
| Coordinates: 36.484°N 115.443°E | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Shandong |
| Prefecture-level city | Liaocheng |
| Area | |
| • Total | 1,161 km2 (448 sq mi) |
| Population (2019)[2] | |
| • Total | 793,100 |
| • Density | 680/km2 (1,800/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal Code | 252500 |
| Guanxian | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Traditional Chinese | 冠縣 | ||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 冠县 | ||||||||
| Postal | Kwanhsien | ||||||||
| |||||||||
The population was 730,300 in 1999.[4]
History
As an isolated county, with relatively low education levels and a weak orthodox gentry,[5] Guan long served as center for secret societies and heterodox sects. For example Guan was one of the earliest places where Yi-he boxing was practised, namely in 1779. This material arts style later served as base for the prominent Yìhéquán (Boxer) movement. In 1861–63, the county was also the center of a rebellion against the Qing dynasty, led by Song Jing-shi and supported by the White Lotus.[6] In the last decades of the Qing Empire and the early Republic, Guan County was home to the Red as well as Green Gangs, the Yellow Sand Society, and the "Way of the Sages".[5]
Administrative divisions
As 2012, this County is divided to 3 subdistricts, 7 towns and 8 townships.[7]
- Subdistricts
- Qingquan Subdistrict (清泉街道)
- Chongwen Subdistrict (崇文街道)
- Yanzhuang Subdistrict (烟庄街道)
- Towns
|
- Townships
|
|
Climate
| Climate data for Guanxian (1991–2020 normals) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 4.0 (39.2) |
8.3 (46.9) |
14.9 (58.8) |
21.4 (70.5) |
27.0 (80.6) |
31.9 (89.4) |
32.0 (89.6) |
30.5 (86.9) |
27.1 (80.8) |
21.3 (70.3) |
12.7 (54.9) |
5.7 (42.3) |
19.7 (67.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −1.5 (29.3) |
2.2 (36.0) |
8.6 (47.5) |
15.1 (59.2) |
20.8 (69.4) |
25.7 (78.3) |
27.1 (80.8) |
25.6 (78.1) |
20.9 (69.6) |
14.5 (58.1) |
6.6 (43.9) |
0.2 (32.4) |
13.8 (56.9) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −5.6 (21.9) |
−2.3 (27.9) |
3.3 (37.9) |
9.5 (49.1) |
15.0 (59.0) |
20.1 (68.2) |
23.0 (73.4) |
21.8 (71.2) |
16.2 (61.2) |
9.4 (48.9) |
1.9 (35.4) |
−3.8 (25.2) |
9.0 (48.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 3.7 (0.15) |
8.6 (0.34) |
10.1 (0.40) |
28.4 (1.12) |
38.7 (1.52) |
68.4 (2.69) |
154.6 (6.09) |
117.6 (4.63) |
47.9 (1.89) |
31.0 (1.22) |
19.1 (0.75) |
5.0 (0.20) |
533.1 (21) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 2.1 | 3.3 | 2.8 | 5.0 | 6.4 | 7.7 | 10.9 | 9.9 | 6.7 | 5.2 | 4.3 | 2.6 | 66.9 |
| Average snowy days | 2.7 | 2.8 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.0 | 2.1 | 9.6 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 62 | 57 | 53 | 59 | 64 | 62 | 78 | 82 | 76 | 71 | 69 | 66 | 67 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 132.0 | 145.0 | 196.8 | 219.6 | 246.9 | 218.8 | 179.6 | 184.3 | 180.1 | 175.1 | 145.0 | 135.0 | 2,158.2 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 43 | 47 | 53 | 56 | 56 | 50 | 41 | 44 | 49 | 51 | 48 | 45 | 49 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration[8][9] | |||||||||||||
References
- 最新人口信息 www.hongheiku.com (in Chinese). hongheiku. Retrieved 2021-01-12.
- 最新人口信息 www.hongheiku.com (in Chinese). hongheiku. Retrieved 2021-01-12.
- 現代漢語詞典(第七版) [Contemporary Chinese Dictionary] (7 ed.). Beijing: The Commercial Press. 1 September 2016. p. 483. ISBN 978-7-100-12450-8.
【冠县】 Guàn Xiàn
- National Population Statistics Materials by County and City - 1999 Period, in China County & City Population 1999, Harvard China Historical GIS
- Esherick (1987), p. 142.
- Esherick (1987), p. 141.
- 临沂市-行政区划网 www.xzqh.org (in Chinese). XZQH. Retrieved 2012-05-24.
- 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
- 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
Bibliography
- Esherick, Joseph W. (1987). The Origins of the Boxer Uprising. Berkeley, California; Los Angeles; London: University of California Press.