Gau Westmark

The Gau Westmark (English: Western March) was an administrative division of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945. From 1925 to 1933, it was a regional subdivision of the Nazi Party.

Gau Westmark
Gau of Nazi Germany
1925–1945
Flag of Gau Westmark
Flag
Coat of arms of Gau Westmark
Coat of arms

Map of Nazi Germany showing its administrative
subdivisions (Gaue and Reichsgaue).
CapitalNeustadt an der Weinstraße (1926–1935)
Saarbrücken (1935–1945)
History
Government
Gauleiter 
• 1925–1926
Friedrich Wambsganss
• 1926–1944
Josef Bürckel
• 1944–1945
Willi Stöhr
History 
February 1925
8 May 1945
Preceded by		Succeeded by
Bavaria
Free State of Oldenburg
Territory of the Saar Basin
Moselle (department)
Rheinland-Pfalz
Saar Protectorate
Moselle (department)
Today part ofFrance
Germany

History

The Nazi Gau (plural Gaue) system was established at a party conference on 22 May 1926 to improve administration of the party structure. From 1933 onwards, after the Nazi seizure of power, the Gaue increasingly replaced the states as administrative subdivisions in Germany.[1]

The Gau had its origin in 1925 in Gau Rheinpfalz (English: 'Rhenish Palatinate'), comprising the Bavarian/Rhenish Palatinate – the exclave of Bavaria left (west) of the river Rhine, which is now part of the modern state of Rhineland-Palatinate (see also: Palatinate region). The territory of Oldenburg Birkenfeld was also annexed to the Gau in 1934. With the return of the Saar Basin to Germany on 1 March 1935, the two regions were merged and formed the new Gau Pfalz-Saar. This Gau was renamed Gau Saarpfalz (English: 'Saar-Palatinate') on 13 January 1936.

After the outbreak of the Second World War and the defeat of France in 1940, the French département of Moselle, renamed "CdZ-Gebiet Lothringen", was added to the Gau on 30 November 1940.[2] On 7 December 1940, it was again renamed Gau Westmark (English: 'Western March'). Gauleiter Bürckel hoped that Westmark would be extended as far as Germany's future western border, especially keeping in mind the ore region of Briey-Longwy in the département of Meurthe-et-Moselle.[3] Bürckel further laid claims to parts of Alsace and even Baden. The Gau, however, remained as it was until the defeat of Germany in 1945.[3]

At the head of each Gau stood a Gauleiter, a position which became increasingly more powerful, especially after the outbreak of the Second World War. Local Gauleiters were in charge of propaganda and surveillance and, from September 1944 onwards, the Volkssturm and the defence of the Gau.[1][4]

The position of Gauleiter was held by Friedrich Wambsganss from February 1925 to 13 March 1926 and Josef Bürckel from 13 March 1926 until his death on 28 September 1944, when Willi Stöhr took over and served for the duration of the existence of the Gau.[5][6][7]

References
  1. "Die NS-Gaue" [The Nazi Gaue]. dhm.de (in German). Deutsches Historisches Museum. Retrieved 24 March 2016.
  2. Jacques Lorraine (Edmond Huntzbuchler): Les Allemands en France. Origines, Bretagne, Zone interdite Est, Bourgogne, Alsace et Lorraine, editions du Désert, Alger-Oran, 1945, p. 121-124.
  3. Kroener, Bernhard R.; Müller, Rolf-Dieter; Umbreit, Hans (2000). Germany and the Second World War: Organization and mobilization of the German sphere of power. Wartime administration, economy, and manpower resources 1939–1941. Oxford University Press. p. 169. ISBN 0-19-822887-2.
  4. "The Organization of the Nazi Party & State". nizkor.org. The Nizkor Project. Retrieved 24 March 2016.
  5. Michael D. Miller and Andreas Schulz (2012). Gauleiter: The Regional Leaders of the Nazi Party and Their Deputies, 1925–1945, Vol. 1. R. James Bender Publishing. pp. 38–39, 48. ISBN 978-1932970210.
  6. "Übersicht der NSDAP-Gaue, der Gauleiter und der Stellvertretenden Gauleiter zwischen 1933 und 1945" [Overview of Nazi Gaue, the Gauleiter and assistant Gauleiter from 1933 to 1945]. zukunft-braucht-erinnerung.de (in German). Zukunft braucht Erinnerung. 24 February 2007. Retrieved 24 March 2016.
  7. "Gau Westmark". verwaltungsgeschichte.de (in German). Retrieved 24 March 2016.

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