Danish exonyms

 Finland

English name	Danish name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Helsinki	Helsingfors	Helsinki	Finnish
Tampere	Tammerfors	Tampere	Finnish
Turku	Åbo	Turku	Finnish

In general Swedish names are used for more well-known places. Less well-known places (to Danes, at any rate) will tend to retain their Finnish-language names (Lappeenranta instead of Villmanstrand, Iisalmi instead of Idensalmi).

Danish has a very large number of exonyms for locations in modern Germany. Almost all of these are originally Danish names in the region of Southern Schleswig, a Danish territory until 1864 and still home to a Danish minority. Some of these exonyms are not commonly known in Denmark proper, but remain in use among the Danish minority in Germany and its newspaper, Flensborg Avis, and among the few remaining speakers of the South Jutlandic dialect south of the border. The names are also traditionally used by Danish historians, although some modern academics dismiss the usage of Danish exonyms outside present Denmark, at least in writing. Larger and well-known locations are more likely to be referred to by means of a Danish exonym, e.g. Flensborg and Slesvig [By], but also Hamborg which is not in the Schleswig region. The historical Dannevirke fortification and Hedeby are always referred to by its Danish name.

While almost all placenames in Schleswig north of the medieval language border (a line between Husum and Eckernförde, excluding the North Frisian area) are of genuine Danish (North Germanic) origin, there have also been limited attempts to construct Danish alternatives for placenames in the extreme southern part of Schleswig, which is originally German (Low Saxon) speaking (similar to the genuine Danish place names in North Slesvig, that have German constructed counterparts dating from the period under Prussian rule 1864–1920). The latter names, as well as Danicised placenames in the Frisian area, are less commonly used. Before 1864, when the Danish monarchy comprised the Duchy of Holstein, there was also sporadic usage of Danicised spellings of placenames in Holstein, such as Plø(e)n (Plön) and Vandsbæk (Wandsbek). The latter name is still seen in the Danish phrase "ad Vandsbæk til" (see: Wandsbek (quarter)#History).

 Germany

English name	Danish name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Angeln	Angel
Arnis	Arnæs
Ascheffel	Askfelt
Aschau	Askov
Bargum	Bjerrum
Bergenhusen	Bjerringhus
Brocken	Bloksbjerg
Böklund	Bøglund
Bredstedt	Bredsted
Büdelsdorf	Bydelstorp
Dagebüll	Dagebøl
Dänischer Wohld	Jernved, Dänischwohld
Dannewerk	Dannevirke
Dithmarschen	Ditmarsken
Drelsdorf	Trelstrup
Eckernförde	Egernfjord, Egernførde, Ekernførde
Eggebek	Eggebæk
Eider	Ejderen
Eiderstedt	Ejdersted
Elbe	Elben
Eschelsmark	Eskilsmark
Fehmarn	Femern
Flensburg	Flensborg
Friedrichsberg	Friedriksberg
Fræzlæt	Fræslet
Föhr	Før
Gettorf	Gettorp
Gottorf	Gottorp
Glücksburg	Lyksborg, Glücksborg
Glückstadt	Lykstad			Rare
Grundhof	Grumtoft
Hamburg	Hamborg
Haithabu	Hedeby
Handewitt	Hanved
Harrislee	Harreslev
Harz	Harzen
Herzogtum Sachsen-Lauenburg	Hertugdømmet Lauenborg
Hesterberg	Hestebjerg
Hollehitt	Holdhid
Holstein	Holsten
Holtenau	Holtenå
Hüllerup	Hylderup
Hüttener Berge	Hytten Bjerge
Idstedt	Isted
Jarplund-Weding	Jaruplund-Vedding
Jellenbek in Schwedeneck	Jellenbæk
Jerrishoe	Jerrishøj
Joldelund	Hjoldelund
Jübeck	Jy(d)bæk
Jürgensby	Jørgensby
Kappeln	Kappel
Karlsburg in Schwansen	Gereby
Klanxbüll	Klangsbøl
Klixbüll	Klægsbøl
Krusendorf in Schwedeneck	Krusentorp
Kupfermühle	Kobbermølle
Langballig	Langballe
Lauenburg	Lauenborg
Leck	Læk
Lindewitt	Lindved
Lindau	Lindå
Lollfuß in Schleswig	Lolfod
Löwenstedt	Lyngsted, Løvensted
Lübeck	Lybæk
Ludwigsburg in Schwansen	Ludvigsborg, Kohøved
Lüneburg	Lyneborg
Lüngerau	Lyngvrå
Lürschauer Heide	Lyrskov Hede
Lutzhöft	Lyshøj
Maasbüll	Masbøl
Maasleben	Maslev, Måslev
Mecklenburg	Meklenborg
Missunde	Mysunde
Mohrkirch	Mårkær
Mürwik	Mørvig
Niebüll	Nybøl ved Slesvig by
Oeversee	Oversø
Oldenburg	Oldenborg
Ostenfeld	Øster Fjolde
Owschlag	Okslev
Pellworm	Pelvorm
Quern	Kvæarn
Rendsburg	Rendsborg
Riesby	Risby
Roikier	Rojkær
Rundhof	Rundtoft
Rüllschau	Rylskov
Schafflund	Skovlund
Scheggerott	Skægerød
Schlei	Slien
Schleimünde	Slieminde
Schleswig	Slesvig (By)
Schrepperie	Skræpperi
Schuby	Skovby
Schwansen	Svans(ø), Svansen
Schwesing	Svesing
Steinbergkirche	Stenbjergkirke
Streichmühle	Strygmølle
Struxdorf	Strukstrup
Sylt	Sild
Taarstedt	Torsted
Treene	Trene(n)
Treia	Treja
Twedt	Tved
Uelsby	Ølsby
Ulsnis	Ulsnæs
Unewatt	Undevad
Unaften	Ondaften
Vollerwiek	Follervig
Wallsbüll	Valsbøl
Wassersleben	Sosti			German name also used in Danish
Wees	Ves
Westerholz	Vesterskov
Westermühlen	Vestermølle
Winderatt	Venerød
Wyk auf Föhr	Vyk på Før

From the 16th until the late 19th century, Danish was officially used, replacing the Norwegian written language, but then spelling reforms gradually replaced it with Dano-Norwegian and the two present-day forms of Norwegian: Bokmål and Nynorsk. Until then, a lot of Norwegian placenames were written in Danish. Almost all of them are now obsolete and not even used in Danish historical contexts. They may, however, still be used in the names of Norwegian newspapers, companies, institutions and associations. In present-day Norway, they will often be perceived more as "ancient" names than as Danish ones.

 Norway

English name	Danish name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Bear Island	Bjørneøen	Bjørnøya	Norwegian	"Øya" means "island". Several more islands in Norway ending in øya might be translated to øen in Danish, although less common now.
Oslo	Christiania	Oslo	Norwegian	archaic; official name of Oslo until 1925 (although spelled Kristiania from 1877 onwards). Today mostly associated with the Copenhagen free town by the same name.
Finnmark	Finmark(en)	Finnmark	Norwegian	archaic
Larvik	Laurvig(en)	Larvik	Norwegian	archaic
Trondheim	Trondhjem	Trondheim	Norwegian	occasionally seen in Danish, and very often used in spoken language even in Norway

 Sweden

English name	Danish name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
Älvsborg	Elfsborg	Älvsborg	Swedish	Also pre-1906 Swedish spelling
Ängelholm	Engelholm	Ängelholm	Swedish
Barsebäck	Barsebæk	Barsebäck	Swedish
Båstad	Baadsted	Båstad	Swedish	Archaic
Blekinge	Bleging	Blekinge	Swedish	Archaic
Brömsebäck	Brømsebæk	Brömsebäck	Swedish
Falkenberg	Falkenbjerg	Falkenberg	Swedish	Archaic
Gotland	Gulland	Gotland	Swedish	Archaic
Göinge	Gønge (Herred)	Göinge	Swedish
Gothenburg	Gøteborg	Göteborg	Swedish
Halmstad	Halmsted	Halmstad	Swedish	Archaic
Hässleholm	Hesselholm	Hässleholm	Swedish	Archaic. In Swedish until 1906 Hessleholm.
Höganäs	Høj(e)næs	Höganäs	Swedish	Archaic
Knäred	Knærød	Knäred	Swedish	Archaic
Kristianstad	Christiansstad	Kristianstad	Swedish	Earlier spelling Christianstad is sometimes used in the town itself, and was official until the Swedish spelling reform of 1906
Kristianopel	Christianopel	Kristianopel	Swedish
Kungsbacka	Kongsbak(ke)	Kungsbacka	Swedish	Archaic
Landskrona	Landskrone	Landskrona	Swedish	Archaic
Limhamn	Limhavn	Limhamn	Swedish
Malmö	Malmø	Malmö	Swedish
Östergötland	Øster Gylland	Östergötland	Swedish	Archaic
Simrishamn	Simmershavn	Simrishamn	Swedish	Archaic
Stockholm	Stokholm	Stockholm	Swedish	Archaic, never gained widespread use
Varberg	Varbjerg	Varberg	Swedish	Archaic
Vä	Væ	Vä	Swedish
Västergötland	Vester Gylland	Västergötland	Swedish	Archaic
Ven	Hven	Ven	Swedish	Danish form also preferred by islanders, outlived Swedish spelling reform of 1906 and was official until 1958
Ystad	Ysted	Ystad	Swedish	Archaic

Some of these forms are archaic, based on names used in the 17th century prior to the surrender of the Eastern Danish lands Skåne, Halland and Blekinge to Sweden. Modern usage is primarily confined to history books and Scanian activists. These forms were also used in a number of texts in the first decades of the 20th century. The only example consistently used in modern Danish is Hven, maybe because this form hinders confusion with the Danish word ven ("friend"). Since the opening of the Øresund Bridge, the form Malmø has again gained widespread use above Malmö.[2] Engelholm and Øland (Öland) are occasionally seen. Knærød and Elfsborg are relatively common in historical works, due to their connection to historical events; the 1613 Peace of Knäred (Freden i Knærød) and the Ransom of Älvsborg (Elfsborgs løsen). The forms Gønge and Gønge Herred are also quite common given their connection to Svend Poulsen Gønge, known from the historical novel and TV series, Gøngehøvdingen.

Some forms are just replacement of ä/ö with æ/ø based on computer keyboards used by the press. This can be used for further places, any with ä and ö, .e.g. Växjö or Östersund,[3] but are often considered misspellings. This is in contrast to Swedish exonyms for places in Denmark where æ and ø are usually converted by the press.

 United States

English name	Danish name	Endonym		Notes
		Name	Language
California	Californien, Kalifornien	California	English
Pennsylvania	Pennsylvanien	Pennsylvania	English
Saint Croix	Sankt Croix	Saint Croix	English	Pronounced /saŋd krɔjˀs/ in Danish
Saint John	Sankt Jan	Saint John	English
Saint Thomas	Sankt Thomas	Saint Thomas	English

The U.S. Virgin Islands were formerly a colony of Denmark, often referred to simply as Sankt Thomas, Sankt Jan og Sankt Croix.

• List of European exonyms