• does not have all its Russian meanings in the mother tongue of about 37 million speakers of Ukrainian.
• is a true friend for about 38 million native speakers of Polish.

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• The Russian meaning ‘address’ is shared by Pol. аdres.
• The Russian meaning ‘congratulatory letter’ (адрес, поздравительное послание) is shared by Ukr. адрес, Pol. аdres.

• does not have all its Russian meanings in the mother tongue of about 38 million speakers of Polish;
• is a true friend for about 8 million native speakers of Bulgarian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘Algiers’ is shared by Pol. Algier, Bg. Алжир.
• The Russian meaning ‘Algeria’ is shared by Bg. Алжир.

• is a complete false friend for about 38 million native speakers of Polish.

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• The Russian meaning ‘of angels, angel-like’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘English’ (английский) is attested in Pol. angielski.

• is a complete false friend for about 45 million native speakers of Belarusian, Ukrainian;
• is a true friend for about 38 million native speakers of Polish;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘watermelon’ is shared by Pol. arbuz.
• The meaning ‘pumpkin’ (тыква) is attested in Blr. гарбуз, Ukr. гарбуз.

• has additional meanings in the language of about 11.5 million native speakers of Bosnian, Serbian;
• does not have all its Russian meanings in the mother tongue of about 17.5 million speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian;
• is a true friend for about 38 million native speakers of Polish.

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• The Russian meaning ‘pejorative of a woman’ is shared by Pol. baba.
• The Russian meaning ‘old woman’ is shared by Pol. baba, Cr. baba, Bo. baba, Sb. баба.
• The meaning ‘grandmother’ (бабушка) is attested in Bo. baba, baka, Sb. баба, бака.

• has additional meanings in the language of about 46 million native speakers of Belarusian, Polish.

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• The Russian meaning ‘old woman’ is shared by Blr. бабка, Pol. babka, Bg. бабка.
• The meaning ‘a cake’ (кулич) is attested in Blr. бабка, Pol. babka.
• The meaning ‘rough boletus (a mushroom)’ (подберёзовик) is attested in Blr. бабка.

• is a complete false friend for about 57.5 million native speakers of Polish, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘(Br.) tin, (Am.) can’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘bank, credit bank’ (банк) is attested in Sln. banka, Cr. banka, Bo. banka, Sb. банка.
• The meaning ‘container, can’ (кувшин) is attested in Pol. bańka.

• is a complete false friend for about 46 million native speakers of Belarusian, Polish;
• has additional meanings in the language of about 37 million native speakers of Ukrainian;
• is a true friend for about 27.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedo-nian, Bulgarian;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Czech.

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• The Russian meaning ‘whiteness’ is shared by Ukr. білизна, Cr. bjelina, Bo. bjelina, Sb. белина, Mk. белина, Bg. белина.
• The meaning ‘linen, laundry’ (бельё) is attested in Blr. бялізна, Ukr. білизна, Pol. bielizna.

• is a complete false friend for about 8 million native speakers of Belarusian;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Bulgarian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘rough boletus (a mushroom)’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘birch-juice’ (берёзовый сок) is attested in Blr. бярозавік.

• is a complete false friend for about 10 million native speakers of Belarusian, Slovenian;
• is a true friend for about 46 million native speakers of Polish, Bulgarian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘talk’ is shared by Pol. biesiada, Bg. беседа.
• The meaning ‘word’ (слово) is attested in Sln. beseda.
• The meaning ‘party, ceremony’ (пир, пирушка) is attested in Blr. бяседа.

• is a complete false friend for about 8 million native speakers of Belarusian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘good’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘bad’ (плохой) is attested in Blr. благі.

• is a complete false friend for about 8 million native speakers of Belarusian.
• has additional meanings in the language of about 37 million native speakers of Ukrainian;

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• The Russian meaning ‘muscled hero’ is attested in Ukr. богатир.
• The meaning ‘rich man’ (богач) is attested in Blr. багатыр and Ukr. багатир.

• is a complete false friend for about 19.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian;
• has additional meanings in Slovenian
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Polish.

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• The Russian meaning ‘more’ is also found in Sln. bolj.
• The meaning ‘better’ (лучше) is attested in Sln. bolje, Cr. bolje, Bo. bolje, Sb. боље.

• has additional meanings in the language of about 10 million native speakers of Slovenian, Bulgarian, Polish;
• does not have all its Russian meanings in the mother tongue of about 48 million speakers of Slovenian, Bulgarian, Polish.

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• The Russian meaning ‘a wood of pine-trees’ is unique.
• The Russian meaning ‘boron’ is shared by Sln. bor, Bg. бор, Pol. bor.
• The meaning ‘pine-tree’ (сосна) is attested in Sln. bor, Bg. бор.
• The meaning ‘a wood of old coniferous trees’ is attested in Pol. bór.

• has additional meanings in the language of about 75 million native speakers of Ukrainian, Polish;
• does not have all its Russian meanings in the mother tongue of about 102.5 million speakers of Ukrainian, Polish, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘marriage’ is shared by Cr. brak, Bo. brak, Sb. брак, Mk. брак, Bg. брак.
• The Russian meaning ‘defect, flaw’ is shared by Ukr. брак, Pol. brak.
• The Russian meaning ‘rejects, refuse, waste’ is shared by Ukr. брак, Pol. brak, Bg. брак.
• The meaning ‘lack, want, shortage’ (недостаток, нехватка) is attested in Ukr. брак, Pol. brak.

• is a complete false friend for about 2 million native speakers of Slovenian.
• is a true friend for about 38 million native speakers of Polish.

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• The Russian meaning ‘take’ is shared by Pol. brać.
• The meaning ‘read’ (читать) is attested in Sln. brati.
• The meaning ‘collect’ (собирать) is attested in Sln. brati.

• is a complete false friend for about 8 million native speakers of Bulgarian;
• is a true friend for about 83 million native speakers of Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘roll, white bread’ is shared by Blr. булка, Ukr. булка, Pol. bułka.
• The meaning ‘bride’ (невеста) is attested in Bg. булка.
• The meaning ‘young woman’ (девушка) is attested in Bg. булка.

• is a complete false friend for about 2 million native speakers of Slovenian;
• is a true friend for about 38 million native speakers of Polish.

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• The Russian meaning ‘fast, quick’ is shared by Pol. bystry.
• The meaning ‘clear’ (ясный, чистый) is attested in Sln. bister.
• The meaning ‘lively, awake’ (живой, бодрый) is attested in Sln. bister.
• The meaning ‘clever, astute’ is attested in Pol. bystry.

• is a complete false friend for about 46 million native speakers of Belarusian, Polish.

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• The Russian meaning ‘profit’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘comfort’ (удобство, уют) is attested in Blr. выгода, Pol. wygoda.

• has additional meanings in the language of about 48 million native speakers of Polish, Czech;
• does not have all its Russian meanings in the mother tongue of about 17.5 million speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian;
• is a true friend for about 12 million native speakers of Slovenian, Macedonian, Bulgarian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘age, epoch’ is shared by Pol. wiek, Cz. věk, Sln. vek, Mk. век, Bg. век.
• The Russian meaning ‘century’ (век, столетие) is shared by Pol. wiek, Cz. věk, Sln. vek, Cr. vijek, Bo. vijek, Sb. век, Mk. век, Bg. век.
• The meaning ‘age (of a person)’ (возраст) is attested in Pol. wiek, Cz. věk.

• is a complete false friend for about 83 million native speakers of Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish;

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• The Russian meaning ‘fun, joy’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘wedding’ (свадьба) is attested in Blr. вясельле, Ukr. весілля, Pol. wesele.

• is a complete false friend for about 59.5 million native speakers of Polish, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian;
• is a true friend for about 24 million native speakers of Czech, Slovak, Bulgarian;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Belarusian, Ukrainian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘matter’ is shared by Cz. věc, Slk. vec, Bg. вещ.
• The meaning ‘clever’ (ловкий) is attested in Sln. vešč, Cr. vješt, Bo. vješt, Sb. вешт, Mk. вешт.
• The meaning ‘message’ (весть) is attested in Pol. wieść.

• is a complete false friend for about 57.5 million native speakers of Polish, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian;
• is a true friend for about 24 million native speakers of Czech, Slovak, Bulgarian;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Belarusian, Ukrainian, Macedonian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘matter, thing’ is shared by Cz. věc, Slk. vec, Bg. вещ.
• The meaning ‘assembly’ (собрание) is attested in Pol. wiec.
• The meaning ‘already’ (уже) is attested in Cr. već, Bo. već, Sb. већ.
• The meaning ‘more’ (больше) is attested in Sln. več.

• has additional meanings in the language of about 17.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian;
• is a true friend for about 38 million native speakers of Polish.

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• The Russian meaning ‘to see impf.’ is shared by Cr. vidjeti, Bo. vidjeti, Sb. видети, Pol. widzieć.
• The meaning ‘to see, to behold pf.’ (увидеть) is attested in Cr. vidjeti, Bo. vidjeti, Sb. видети.
• The meaning ‘to watch pf.’ (посмотреть) is attested in Cr. vidjeti, Bo. vidjeti, Sb. видети.

• is a complete false friend for about 10 million native speakers of Czech.

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• The Russian meaning ‘power’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘home country’ (родина) is attested in Cz. vlast.

• is a complete false friend for about 48 million native speakers of Polish, Czech.

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• The Russian meaning ‘stench, stink’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘scent, fragrance’ (аромат) is attested in Pol. woń, Cz. vůně.

• is a complete false friend for about 35.5 million native speakers of Czech, Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian;
• has additional meanings in the language of about 2 million native speakers of Macedonian;
• is a true friend for about 91 million native speakers of Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish, Bulgarian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘enemy’ is shared by Blr. вораг, Ukr. ворог, Pol. wróg, Mk. враг, Bg. враг.
• The meaning ‘devil, demon’ (чёрт) is attested in Sln. vrag, Cr. vrag, Bo. vrag, Sb. враг, Mk. враг.
• The meaning ‘murderer’ (убийца) is attested in Cz. vrah, Slk. vrah.
• The meaning ‘slyboots, smartie’ (хитрец) is attested in Mk. враг.

• is a complete false friend for about 59.5 million native speakers of Polish, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian;
• has additional meanings in the language of about 8 million native speakers of Bulgarian;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Belarusian, Ukrainian, Czech, Slovak.

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• The Russian meaning ‘harmful’ is shared by Bg. вреден.
• The meaning ‘precious’ (ценный) is attested in Sln. vreden, Cr. vrijedan, Bo. vrijedan, Sb. вредан.
• The meaning ‘able, clever’ (ловкий, умелый) is attested in Mk. вреден, Bg. вреден.
• The meaning ‘nasty, repulsive’ (гадкий, отвратительный) is attested in Pol. wredny.
• The meaning ‘insidious, deceitful’ (фальшивый, коварный) is attested in Pol. wredny.

• is a complete false friend for about 2 million native speakers of Slovenian;
• has additional meanings in the language of about 17.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Polish.

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• The Russian meaning ‘time’ is shared by Cr. vrijeme, Bo. vrijeme, Sb. време.
• The meaning ‘weather’ (погода) is attested in Sln. vreme, Cr. vrijeme, Bo. vrijeme, Sb. време.

• has additional meanings in the language of about 16 million native speakers of Czech, Slovak;
• is a true friend for about 45 million native speakers of Belarusian, Ukrainian;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Polish, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘exit’ is shared by Blr. выхад, Ukr. вихід, Cz. východ, Slk. východ.
• The meaning ‘east’ (восток) is attested in Cz. východ, Slk. východ.

• does not have all its Russian meanings in the mother tongue of about 50 million speakers of Czech, Slovenian, Polish.

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• The Russian meaning ‘head’ (глава (arch.), голова) is shared by Cz. hlava, Sln. glava, Pol. głowa.
• The Russian meaning ‘chapter’ (глава (в книге)) is unique.
• The Russian meaning ‘chief, boss’ (глава (начальник)) is shared by Sln. glava, šef.
• The Russian meaning ‘dome, vault’ (глава (купол)) is unique.

• is a complete false friend for about 55.5 million native speakers of Polish, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian;
• has additional meanings in the language of about 8 million native speakers of Bulgarian;
• does not have all its Russian meanings in the mother tongue of about 45 million speakers of Ukrainian, Bulgarian;
• is a true friend for about 8 million native speakers of Belarusian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘dialect’ is shared by Blr. гаворка, Ukr. говір, Bg. говор.
• The Russian meaning ‘talking’ is shared by Blr. гаворка.
• The meaning ‘speech’ (речь) is attested in Cr. govor, Bo. govor, Sb. говор, Bg. говор.
• The meaning ‘noise’ (шум) is attested in Pol. gwar.

• is a complete false friend for about 27.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian;
• has additional meanings in the language of about 99 million native speakers of Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish, Czech, Slovak;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Slovenian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘time, hour (poet.)’ is shared by Blr. гадзіна, час, Ukr. година, час, Pol. godzina, czas, Cz. hodina, čas, Slk. hodina, čas.
• The meaning ‘hour’ (час) is attested in Blr. гадзіна, Ukr. година, Pol. godzina, Cz. hodina, Slk. hodina.
• The meaning ‘year’ (год) is attested in Cr. godina, Bo. godina, Sb. година, Mk. година, Bg. година.

• is a complete false friend for about 8 million native speakers of Bulgarian;
• has additional meanings in the language of about 6 million native speakers of Slovak;
• is a true friend for about 112.5 million native speakers of Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish, Czech, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Macedonian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘mountain’ is shared by Blr. гара, Ukr. гора, Pol. góra, Cz. hora, Slk. hora, Sln. gora, Cr. gora, Bo. gora, Sb. гора.
• The meaning ‘forest’ (лес) is attested in Slk. hora, Bg. гора.

• is a complete false friend for about 37 million native speakers of Ukrainian;
• is a true friend for about 8 million native speakers of Belarusian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘town’ is shared by Blr. горад.
• The meaning ‘vegetable garden’ (огород) is attested in Ukr. город.

• is a complete false friend for about 12 million native speakers of Czech, Slovenian;
• does not have all its Russian meanings in the mother tongue of about 38 million speakers of Polish;
• is a true friend for about 17.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘town’ (град (arch.), город) is shared by Cr. grad, Bo. grad, Sb. град.
• The Russian meaning ‘hail’ is shared by Pol. grad, Cr. grad, Bo. grad, Sb. град.
• The meaning ‘fortress’ (крепость) is attested in Cz. hrad, Sln. grad.

• is a complete false friend for about 38 million native speakers of Polish.

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• The Russian meaning ‘coffin’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘grave’ (могила) is attested in Pol. grób.

• is a complete false friend for about 17.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘big-breasted’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘granular’ (зернистый, гранулёзный) is attested in Cr. grudast, Bo. grudast, Sb. грудаст.

• is a complete false friend for about 75 million native speakers of Ukrainian, Polish;
• is a true friend for about 35.5 million native speakers of Belarusian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Belarusian Cr. палац, Czech, Slovak.

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• The Russian meaning ‘palace’ is shared by Cr. dvorac, Bo. dvorac, Sb. дворац, Mk. дворец, Bg. дворец.
• The meaning ‘railway station’ (вокзал) is attested in Ukr. двірець, Pol. dworzec.

• is a complete false friend for about 7.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian;
• has additional meanings in the language of about 10 million native speakers of Serbian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘maiden’ is shared by Sb. дева.
• The meaning ‘camel’ (верблюд) is attested in Cr. deva, Bo. deva, Sb. дева.

• is a complete false friend for about 48 million native speakers of Czech, Polish.

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• The Russian meaning ‘matter, affair’ is unique.
• The Russian meaning ‘act, deed’ is unique.
• The Russian meaning ‘battle’ is unique.
• The Russian meaning ‘case, lawsuit’ is unique.
• The Russian meaning ‘file, document’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘canon’ (пушка) is attested in Cz. dělo.
• The meaning ‘composition, work of art’ is attested in Pol. dzieło.

• is a complete false friend for about 46 million native speakers of Belarusian, Polish;
• is a true friend for about 35.5 million native speakers of Czech, Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Ukrainian, Macedonian, Bulgarian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘settee, sofa’ is shared by Cz. divan, Slk. diván, Sln. divan, Cr. divan, Bo. divan, Sb. диван.
• The meaning ‘carpet’ (ковёр) is attested in Blr. дыван, Pol. dywan.

• is a complete false friend for about 17.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian;
• is a true friend for about 38 million native speakers of Polish.

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• The Russian meaning ‘to milk’ is shared by Pol. doić.
• The meaning ‘to breast-feed’ (кормить грудью) is attested in Cr. dojiti, Bo. dojiti, Sb. дојити.
• The meaning ‘to suckle’ (кормить грудью) is attested in Cr. dojiti, Bo. dojiti, Sb. дојити.

• has additional meanings in the language of about 38 million native speakers of Polish;
• does not have all its Russian meanings in the mother tongue of about 38 million speakers of Polish;
• is a true friend for about 37 million native speakers of Ukrainian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘doctor, physician’ (доктор, врач) is shared by Ukr. доктор, Pol. doktor.
• The Russian meaning ‘habilitated doctor’ (доктор наук) is shared by Ukr. доктор.
• The meaning ‘PhD, DSc’ (кандидат наук) is attested in Pol. doktor.

• is a complete false friend for about 46 million native speakers of Polish, Bulgarian;
• is a true friend for about 45 million native speakers of Belarusian, Ukrainian;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘thought’ (дума (arch.), мысль) is shared by Blr. думка, дума, Ukr. дума.
• The Russian meaning ‘East Slavonic folk song’ is shared by Blr. дума, Ukr. дума.
• The Russian meaning ‘parliament’ is shared by Blr. дума, Ukr. дума.
• The meaning ‘word’ (слово) is attested in Bg. дума.
• The meaning ‘pride’ (гордость) is attested in Pol. duma.

• is a complete false friend for about 2 million native speakers of Slovenian;
• is a true friend for about 81.5 million native speakers of Polish, Czech, Slovak, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘Danube’ is shared by Pol. Dunaj, Cz. Dunaj, Slk. Dunaj, Cr. Dunaj, Bo. Dunaj, Sb. Дунај, Mk. Дунав, Bg. Дунав.
• The meaning ‘Vienna’ (Вена) is attested in Sln. Dunaj.

• is a complete false friend for about 46 million native speakers of Polish, Bulgarian;
• is a true friend for about 58.5 million native speakers of Ukrainian, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘sweet melon’ is shared by Ukr. диня, Sln. dinja, Cr. dinja, Bo. dinja, Sb. диња, Mk. диња.
• The meaning ‘watermelon’ (арбуз) is attested in Bg. диня.
• The meaning ‘pumpkin’ (тыква) is attested in Pol. dynia.

• is a complete false friend for about 10 million native speakers of Czech.

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• The Russian meaning ‘ate/eaten’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘drove/driven, rode/ridden, went/gone’ (ехал) is attested in Cz. jel.

• is a complete false friend for about 10 million native speakers of Czech.

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• The Russian meaning ‘to fuck’ (ети, еть, ебать) is unique.
• The meaning ‘to drive, to ride, to go’ (ехать) is attested in Cz. jeti.

• is a complete false friend for about 37 million native speakers of Ukrainian;
• has additional meanings in the language of about 45.5 million native speakers of Czech, Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian;
• is a true friend for about 46 million native speakers of Belarusian, Polish.

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• The Russian meaning ‘wife’ is shared by Blr. жонка, Pol. żona, Cz. žena, Slk. žena, Sln. žena, Cr. žena, Bo. žena, Sb. жена, Mk. жена, Bg. жена.
• The meaning ‘woman’ (женщина) is attested in Ukr. жінка, Cz. žena, Slk. žena, Sln. žena, ženska, Cr. žena, Bo. žena, Sb. жена, Mk. жена, Bg. жена.

• does not have all its Russian meanings in the mother tongue of about 82.5 million speakers of Ukrainian, Kashubian, Czech, Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian;
• is a true friend for about 46 million native speakers of Belarusian, Polish.

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• The Russian meaning ‘belly, body’ is shared by Blr. жывот, Ukr. живіт, Pol. brzuch, żywot, Sln. život.
• The Russian meaning ‘life’ (живот (arch.), жизнь) is shared by Blr. жывот (arch.), жыццё, Pol. żywot, życie, Ka. żëwot, żëcé, Cz. život, Slk. život, Cr. život, Bo. život, Sb. живот, Mk. живот, Bg. живот.

• is a complete false friend for about 48 million native speakers of Polish, Czech.

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• The Russian meaning ‘Jew (pejoratively)’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘Jew (ethnically)’ (еврей) is attested in Pol. Żyd, Cz. Žid.
• The meaning ‘Jew (religiously)’ (иудей) is attested in Pol. żyd, Cz. žid.

• is a complete false friend for about 10 million native speakers of Czech.

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• The Russian meaning ‘life’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘thirst’ (жажда) is attested in Cz. žízeň.

• is a complete false friend for about 99 million native speakers of Ukrainian, Polish, Czech, Slovak, Bulgarian;
• is a true friend for about 19.5 million native speakers of Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘grain, cereals, (Br.) corn’ is shared by Sln. žito, Cr. žito, Bo. žito, Sb. жито.
• The meaning ‘rye’ (рожь) is attested in Ukr. жито, Pol. żyto, Cz. žito, Slk. žito, raž.
• The meaning ‘wheat’ (пшеница) is attested in Slk. pšenica, žito, Bg. жито.

• is a complete false friend for about 38 million native speakers of Polish.

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• The Russian meaning ‘in, during (a time span)’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘in, after (a time span)’ (через) is attested in Pol. za.

• is a complete false friend for about 37 million native speakers of Ukrainian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘to forget’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘to hit into’ (забить) is attested in Ukr. забити.

• is a complete false friend for about 57.5 million native speakers of Polish, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian;
• has additional meanings in the language of about 12 million native speakers of Czech, Macedonian;
• is a true friend for about 8 million native speakers of Bulgarian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘factory, works’ is shared by Cz. závod, Mk. завод, Bg. завод.
• The meaning ‘contest’ (состязание) is attested in Cz. závod.
• The meaning ‘occupation, profession, trade’ (профессия) is attested in Pol. zawód.
• The meaning ‘institute’ (заведение) is attested in Sln. zavod, Cr. zavod, Bo. zavod, Sb. завод, Mk. завод.
• The meaning ‘disappointment’ (разочарование) is attested in Pol. zawód.

• is a complete false friend for about 48 million native speakers of Polish, Czech.

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• The Russian meaning ‘order’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘prohibition’ (запрет) is attested in Pol. zakaz, Cz. zákaz.

• is a complete false friend for about 10 million native speakers of Czech;
• is a true friend for about 38 million native speakers of Polish.

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• The Russian meaning ‘smell (neutral)’ is shared by Pol. zapach.
• The meaning ‘bad smell, stench’ (вонь, дурной запах) is attested in Cz. zápach.

• is a complete false friend for about 48 million native speakers of Polish, Czech(?Belarusian?);
• is a true friend for about 20 million native speakers of (?Belarusian?), Slovenian, Macedonian, Bulgarian;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Ukrainian, Slovak, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘to memorize’ is shared by Blr. запомніць, Sln. zapomniti, Mk. запомни, Bg. запомня.
• The meaning ‘to forget’ (забыть) is attested in Pol. zapomnieć, Cz. zapomenoutBlr. запамятаць.

• is a complete false friend for about 37 million native speakers of Ukrainian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘conquest, capture’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘delight’ (восторг) is attested in Ukr. захват.

• is a complete false friend for about 33.5 million native speakers of Czech, Slovak, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian;
• has additional meanings in the language of about 40 million native speakers of Polish, Slovenian;
• is a true friend for about 2 million native speakers of Macedonian;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Bulgarian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘sunset’ is shared by Pol. zachód, Sln. zahod, Mk. заод.
• The meaning ‘west’ (запад) is attested in Pol. zachód, Sln. zahod.
• The meaning ‘toilet’ (туалет) is attested in Cz. záchod, Slk. záchod, Cr. zahod, Bo. zahod, Sb. заход.
• The meaning ‘trouble, effort’ (труд, усилия) is attested in Pol. zachód.

• has additional meanings in the language of about 8 million native speakers of Bulgarian;
• is a true friend for about 40 million native speakers of Slovenian, Polish.

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• The Russian meaning ‘corn, kernel’ is shared by Sln. zrno, Bg. зърно, Pol. ziarno.
• The meaning ‘berry’ (ягода) is attested in Bg. зърно.

• is a complete false friend for about 48 million native speakers of Czech, Polish.

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• The Russian meaning ‘criminal’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘thief’ (вор) is attested in Cz. zloděj, Pol. złodziej.

• has additional meanings in the language of about 67.5 million native speakers of Belarusian, Polish, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian;
• does not have all its Russian meanings in the mother tongue of about 72.5 million speakers of Belarusian, Ukrainian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian;
• is a true friend for about 18 million native speakers of Czech, Slovak, Slovenian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘to play (a game)’ is shared by Ukr. грати, Pol. grać, Cz. hrát, Slk. hrať, Sln. igrati, Cr. igrati, Bo. igrati, Sb. играти, Mk. игра, Bg. играя.
• The Russian meaning ‘to play (theatre)’ is shared by Blr. іграць, Pol. grać, Cz. hrát, Slk. hrať, Sln. igrati, Mk. игра, Bg. играя.
• The Russian meaning ‘to play (music)’ is shared by Blr. іграць, Ukr. грати, Pol. grać, Cz. hrát, Slk. hrať, Sln. igrati.
• The meaning ‘to dance’ (танцевать, плясать) is attested in Blr. іграць, Pol. grać, Bo. igrati, Sb. играти, Mk. игра, Bg. играя.

• is a complete false friend for about 17.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian;
• does not have all its Russian meanings in the mother tongue of about 8 million speakers of Bulgarian;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Polish.

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• The Russian meaning ‘art’ is shared by Bg. изкуство.
• The Russian meaning ‘skill’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘experience’ (опыт) is attested in Cr. iskustvo, Bo. iskustvo, Sb. искуство.

• has additional meanings in the language of about 8 million native speakers of Bulgarian;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Polish.

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• The Russian meaning ‘result’ is shared by Bg. изход.
• The Russian meaning ‘resort, way out’ is shared by Bg. изход.
• The meaning ‘exit’ (выход) is attested in Bg. изход.

• is a complete false friend for about 17.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian;
• is a true friend for about 38 million native speakers of Polish.

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• The Russian meaning ‘faeces, excrement’ is shared by Pol. kał.
• The meaning ‘dirt, mud’ (грязь) is attested in Cr. kal, Bo. kal, Sb. кал.

• is a complete false friend for about 75 million native speakers of Ukrainian, Polish.

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• The Russian meaning ‘whale’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘putty, cement’ (замазка) is attested in Pol. kit.
• The meaning ‘cat’ (кот) is attested in Ukr. кіт.

• is a complete false friend for about 48 million native speakers of Polish, Czech;
• is a true friend for about 62.5 million native speakers of Belarusian, Ukrainian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘prince, duke’ is shared by Blr. князь, Ukr. князь, Cr. knez, Bo. knez, Sb. кнез.
• The meaning ‘priest’ (священник (ксёндз)) is attested in Pol. ksiądz, Cz. kněz.

• is a complete false friend for about 19.5 million native speakers of Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian;
• has additional meanings in the language of about 8 million native speakers of Bulgarian;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Polish, Czech, Slovak.

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• The Russian meaning ‘(Noah’s) Arch’ is shared by Bg. ковчег.
• The meaning ‘coffin’ (гроб) is attested in Bo. kovčeg, Sb. ковчег, Bg. ковчег.
• The meaning ‘suitcase’ (чемодан) is attested in Sln. kovček, Cr. kovčeg, Bo. kovčeg.
• The meaning ‘trunk, box, chest’ (сундук, ларь) is attested in Cr. kovčeg, Bo. kovčeg, Sb. ковчег, Bg. ковчег.

• has additional meanings in the language of about 17.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian;
• is a true friend for about 38 million native speakers of Polish.

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• The Russian meaning ‘wheels’ is shared by Pol. koła, Cr. kola, Bo. kola, Sb. кола.
• The meaning ‘car, cart’ (телега) is attested in Cr. kola, Bo. kola, Sb. кола.
• The meaning ‘motorcar’ (автомобиль) is attested in Cr. kola, Bo. kola, Sb. кола.

• has additional meanings in the language of about 38 million native speakers of Polish;
• is a true friend for about 17.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘colony’'‘correctional facility’' is shared by Pol. kolonia, Cr. kolonija, Bo. kolonija, Sb. колонија.
• The meaning ‘Cologne’ (Кёльн) is attested in Pol. Kolonia.

• is a complete false friend for about 17.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘cinnamon’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘crust’ (корка) is attested in Cr. korica, Bo. korica, Sb. корица.

• is a complete false friend for about 38 million native speakers of Polish;
• has additional meanings in the language of about 66.5 million native speakers of Ukrainian, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian;
• does not have all its Russian meanings in the mother tongue of about 2 million speakers of Macedonian;
• is a true friend for about 24 million native speakers of Belarusian, Czech, Slovak.

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• The Russian meaning ‘edge’ is shared by Blr. край, Ukr. край, Cz. kraj, Slk. kraj, Sln. kraj, Cr. kraj, Bo. kraj, Sb. крај, Bg. край.
• The Russian meaning ‘region’ is shared by Blr. край, Ukr. край, Cz. kraj, Slk. kraj, Sln. kraj, Cr. kraj, Bo. kraj, Sb. крај, Mk. крај, Bg. край.
• The meaning ‘country’ (страна) is attested in Ukr. край, Pol. kraj.
• The meaning ‘end’ (конец) is attested in Ukr. край, Sln. kraj, Cr. kraj, Bo. kraj, Sb. крај, Mk. крај, Bg. край.

• is a complete false friend for about 8 million native speakers of Belarusian;
• is a true friend for about 8 million native speakers of Bulgarian;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Polish, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedo-nian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘paint’ is shared by Bg. краска.
• The meaning ‘flower’ (цветок) is attested in Blr. краска (colloq.), кветка.

• is a complete false friend for about 16 million native speakers of Czech, Slovak;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Polish.

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• The Russian meaning ‘red’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘beautiful’ (красивый) is attested in Cz. krásný, Slk. krásny.

• is a complete false friend for about 38 million native speakers of Polish;
• is a true friend for about 61 million native speakers of Ukrainian, Czech, Slovak, Bulgarian;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘armchair’ is shared by Ukr. крісло, Cz. křeslo, Slk. kreslo, Bg. кресло.
• The meaning ‘chair’ (стул) is attested in Blr. крэсла, Pol. krzesło.

• is a complete false friend for about 8 million native speakers of Bulgarian;
• is a true friend for about 38 million native speakers of Polish.

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• The Russian meaning ‘cry, shout’ is shared by Pol. krzyk.
• The meaning ‘jack’ (домкрат) is attested in Bg. крик.

• is a complete false friend for about 38 million native speakers of Polish.

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• The Russian meaning ‘criminologist’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘criminal’ (уголовный преступник) is attested in Pol. kryminalista.

• is a complete false friend for about 9.5 million native speakers of Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Polish.

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• The Russian meaning ‘heap’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘hut’ (хижина, избушка, шалаш) is attested in Sln. koča.
• The meaning ‘house’ (дом) is attested in Cr. kuća, Bo. kuća.

• is a complete false friend for about 17.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian;
• is a true friend for about 38 million native speakers of Polish.

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• The Russian meaning ‘medicament’ is shared by Pol. lekarstwo.
• The meaning ‘medical science’ (медицина) is attested in Cr. ljekarstvo, Bo. ljekarstvo, Sb. лекарство.

• is a complete false friend for about 55.5 million native speakers of Polish, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘laziness’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘idler, do-nothing’ (лентяй) is attested in Pol. leń.
• The meaning ‘lazy’ (ленивый) is attested in Cr. lijen, Bo. lijen, Sb. лен.

• has additional meanings in the language of about 2 million native speakers of Slovenian;
• does not have all its Russian meanings in the mother tongue of about 74.5 million speakers of Belarusian, Ukrainian, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian;
• is a true friend for about 54 million native speakers of Polish, Czech, Slovak.

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• The Russian meaning ‘summer’ is shared by Blr. лета, Ukr. літо, Pol. lato, Cz. léto, Slk. leto, Cr. ljeto, Bo. ljeto, Sb. лето, Mk. лето, Bg. лято.
• The Russian meaning ‘year (in the plural), e.g. 30 years’ (лето (30 лет)) is shared by Pol. lato (30 lat), Cz. léto (30 lét), Slk. leto (30 let), Sln. leto (30 let).
• The meaning ‘year (in the sg.)’ (год) is attested in Sln. leto.

• is a complete false friend for about 38 million native speakers of Polish;
• has additional meanings in the language of about 51.0 million native speakers of Belarusian, Ukrainian, Kashubian, Slovak;
• does not have all its Russian meanings in the mother tongue of about 50,000 speakers of Kashubian;
• is a true friend for about 39.5 million native speakers of Czech, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘sheet of paper’ is shared by Ukr. лист, Cz. list, Slk. list, Sln. list, Cr. list, Bo. list, Sb. лист, Mk. лист, Bg. лист.
• The Russian meaning ‘leaf’ is shared by Blr. ліст, Ukr. лист, Ka. lëst, Cz. list, Slk. list, Sln. list, Cr. list, Bo. list, Sb. лист, Mk. лист, Bg. лист.
• The meaning ‘letter’ (письмо) is attested in Blr. ліст, пісьмо, Ukr. лист, Pol. list, Ka. lëst, Slk. list.

• is a complete false friend for about 55,000 native speakers of Upper Sorbian;
• has additional meanings in the language of about 101 million native speakers of Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish, Czech, Slovenian, Croatian;
• is a true friend for about 27.5 million native speakers of Slovak, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘falling of leaves’ is shared by Blr. лістапад, Ukr. листопад, Pol. listopad, Cz. listopad, Slk. listopad, Sln. listopad, Cr. listopad, Bo. listopad, Sb. листопад, Mk. листопад, Bg. листопад.
• The meaning ‘October’ (октябрь) is attested in Cr. listopad.
• The meaning ‘November’ (ноябрь) is attested in Blr. лістапад, Ukr. листопад, Pol. listopad, USo. listopad, Cz. listopad, Sln. listopad.

• has additional meanings in the language of about 40 million native speakers of Polish, Slovenian;
• does not have all its Russian meanings in the mother tongue of about 46 million speakers of Polish, Slovenian, Croatian;
• is a true friend for about 11.5 million native speakers of Bosnian, Serbian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘face’ is shared by Pol. lico, Sln. lice, Cr. lice, Bo. lice, Sb. лице.
• The Russian meaning ‘person’ is shared by Bo. lice, osoba, Sb. лице, особа.
• The meaning ‘cheek’ (щека) is attested in Pol. lico, Sln. lice.

• is a complete false friend for about 40 million native speakers of Slovenian, Polish.

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• The Russian meaning ‘personal’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘beautiful’ (миловидный, симпатичный) is attested in Sln. ličen.
• The meaning ‘numerous’ is attested in Pol. liczny.

• is a complete false friend for about 55.5 million native speakers of Polish, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘meadow’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘lye’ (щёлок, щёлочь) is attested in Pol. ług, Cr. lug, Bo. lug, Sb. луг.

• does not have all its Russian meanings in the mother tongue of about 38 million speakers of Polish;
• is a true friend for about 17.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘onion’ is shared by Cr. luk, Bo. luk, Sb. лук.
• The Russian meaning ‘bow (weapon)’ is shared by Pol. łuk, Cr. luk, Bo. luk, Sb. лук.

• is a complete false friend for about 38 million native speakers of Polish.

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• The Russian meaning ‘skis’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘skates’ (коньки) is attested in Pol. łyżwy.

• has additional meanings in the language of about 17.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian;
• does not have all its Russian meanings in the mother tongue of about 75 million speakers of Ukrainian, Polish.

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• The Russian meaning ‘to love’ is shared by Cr. ljubiti, Bo. ljubiti, Sb. љубити.
• The Russian meaning ‘to like’ is shared by Ukr. любити, Pol. lubić, Cr. ljubiti, Bo. ljubiti, Sb. љубити.
• The meaning ‘to kiss’ (целовать) is attested in Cr. ljubiti, Bo. ljubiti, Sb. љубити.

• does not have all its Russian meanings in the mother tongue of about 35.5 million speakers of Belarusian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Polish.

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• The Russian meaning ‘tobacco pipe’ (люлька (редко), трубка) is shared by Blr. люлька, Cr. lula, Bo. lula, Sb. лула, Mk. луле, Bg. лула.
• The Russian meaning ‘cradle’ is unique.

• is a complete false friend for about 65.5 million native speakers of Polish, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian;
• is a true friend for about 8 million native speakers of Belarusian;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Ukrainian, Slovenian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘gym shirt’ is shared by Blr. майка.
• The meaning ‘mother’ (мать) is attested in Cr. majka, Bo. majka, Sb. мајка, Mk. мајка, Bg. майка.
• The meaning ‘dam, female animal’ (матка) is attested in Mk. мајка, Bg. майка.
• The meaning ‘nut (to screw on a bolt)’ (гайка) is attested in Bg. майка.
• The meaning ‘underpants’ (majtki) is attested in Pl. majtki

• has additional meanings in the language of about 10 million native speakers of Macedonian, Bulgarian;
• is a true friend for about 118.5 million native speakers of Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish, Czech, Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘mass’ is shared by Blr. маса, Ukr. маса, Pol. masa, Cz. masa, Slk. masa, Sln. masa, Cr. masa, Bo. masa, Sb. маса, Mk. маса, Bg. маса.
• The meaning ‘table’ (стол) is attested in Mk. маса, Bg. маса.

• is a complete false friend for about 16 million native speakers of Czech, Slovak;
• has additional meanings in the language of about 46 million native speakers of Belarusian, Polish;
• does not have all its Russian meanings in the mother tongue of about 85 million speakers of Ukrainian, Polish, Macedonian, Bulgarian;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘womb, uterus’ is shared by Blr. матка, Ukr. матка, Mk. матка, Bg. матка.
• The Russian meaning ‘dam, female animal’ is shared by Blr. матка, Pol. matka.
• The meaning ‘mother’ (мать) is attested in Blr. матка, Pol. matka, Cz. matka, Slk. matka.
• The Russian meaning ‘queen bee’ is shared by Ukr. матка
• The meaning ‘nut (to screw on a bolt)’ (гайка) is attested in Cz. matka.

• has additional meanings in the language of about 17.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian;
• does not have all its Russian meanings in the mother tongue of about 55.5 million speakers of Polish, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘machine’ (машина, мотор) is shared by Pol. maszyna, Cr. mašina, Bo. mašina, Sb. машина.
• The Russian meaning ‘car’ (машина, автомобиль) is unique.
• The meaning ‘locomotion’ (паровоз) is attested in Cr. mašina, Bo. mašina, Sb. машина.

• has additional meanings in the language of about 8 million native speakers of Bulgarian;
• is a true friend for about 75 million native speakers of Ukrainian, Polish.

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• The Russian meaning ‘copper’ is shared by Ukr. мед, Bg. мед, Pol. miedź.
• The meaning ‘honey’ (мёд) is attested in Bg. мед.

• has additional meanings in the language of about 46 million native speakers of Polish, Bulgarian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘Mexico (country)’ is shared by Pol. Meksyk, Bg. Мексико.
• The meaning ‘Mexico City’ (Мехико) is attested in Pol. Meksyk, Bg. Мексико.

• has additional meanings in the language of about 17.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘local’ is shared by Cr. mesni, Bo. mesni, Sb. месни.
• The meaning ‘of meat’ (мясной) is attested in Cr. mesni, Bo. mesni, Sb. месни.

• is a complete false friend for about 55.5 million native speakers of Polish, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian;
• has additional meanings in the language of about 2 million native speakers of Macedonian;
• is a true friend for about 63 million native speakers of Belarusian, Ukrainian, Czech, Bulgarian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘sword’ is shared by Blr. меч, Ukr. меч, Cz. meč, Mk. меч, Bg. меч.
• The meaning ‘match, game’ (матч) is attested in Pol. mecz, Cr. meč, Bo. meč, Sb. меч, Mk. меч.

• is a complete false friend for about 38 million native speakers of Polish.

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• The Russian meaning ‘petty bourgeois’ is unique.
• The Russian meaning ‘Philistine’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘inhabitant, townsman’ (горожанин) is attested in Pol. mieszczanin.

• has additional meanings in the language of about 38 million native speakers of Polish;
• does not have all its Russian meanings in the mother tongue of about 65.5 million speakers of Polish, Kashubian, Czech, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘world’ (мир, свет) is unique.
• The Russian meaning ‘hist. municipality, parish, commune’ is shared by Cz. mír, občina.
• The Russian meaning ‘peace’ is shared by Pol. mir (arch.), pokój, zgoda, Ka. mir, Cz. mír, Cr. mir, Bo. mir, Sb. мир.
• The Russian meaning ‘quiet, stillness’ (мир, покой) is shared by Pol. mir (arch.), spokój, Ka. mir, Cz. mír, Cr. mir, Bo. mir, Sb. мир.
• The meaning ‘authority, prestige’ (авторитет, уважение) is attested in Pol. mir.

• has additional meanings in the language of about 38 million native speakers of Polish.

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• The Russian meaning ‘motor’ is shared by Pol. motor.
• The meaning ‘motorbike’ (мотоцикл) is attested in Pol. motor.
• The meaning ‘contriver’ (инициатор) is attested in Pol. motor.

• is a complete false friend for about 17.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘

’ is unique.

• The Russian meaning ‘

’ is unique.

• The meaning ‘

’ (мороз) is attested in Cr. mraz, Bo. mraz, Sb. мраз.

• The meaning ‘

’ (измороз) is attested in Cr. mraz, Bo. mraz, Sb. мраз.

• is a complete false friend for about 16 million native speakers of Czech, Slovak;
• is a true friend for about 17.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish, Macedonian, Bulgarian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘darkness’ is shared by Cr. mrak, Bo. mrak, Sb. мрак.
• The meaning ‘cloud’ (облако) is attested in Cz. mrak, Slk. mrak.

• has additional meanings in the language of about 65 million native speakers of Ukrainian, Czech, Slovak, Slovenian, Macedonian, Bulgarian;
• is a true friend for about 63.5 million native speakers of Belarusian, Polish, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘husband’ is shared by Blr. муж, Ukr. муж, чоловік, Pol. mąż, Cz. muž, Slk. muž, Sln. mož, Cr. muž, Bo. muž, Sb. муж, Mk. маж, Bg. мъж.
• The meaning ‘man’ (мужчина) is attested in Ukr. муж, Cz. muž, Slk. muž, Sln. mož, moški, Mk. маж, Bg. мъж.

• is a complete false friend for about 83.5 million native speakers of Belarusian, Polish, Czech, Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian;
• has additional meanings in the language of about 37 million native speakers of Ukrainian;
• is a true friend for about 8 million native speakers of Bulgarian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘naughty’ is shared by Ukr. нахабний, наглий, Bg. нагъл.
• The meaning ‘sudden’ (внезапный) is attested in Blr. наглы (reg.), раптоўны, Ukr. наглий, Pol. nagły, Cz. náhlý, Slk. náhly, Sln. nagel, Cr. nagao, Bo. nagao, Sb. нагао.
• The meaning ‘fast, quick’ (быстрый) is attested in Sln. nagel.
• The meaning ‘vehement, hasty’ (резкий, поспешный) is attested in Slk. náhly, Sln. nagel, Cr. nagao, Bo. nagao, Sb. нагао, Mk. нагло.

• is a complete false friend for about 27.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian;
• is a true friend for about 99.0 million native speakers of Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish, Kashu-bian, Czech, Slovak;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Slovenian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘to the right’ is shared by Blr. направа, Ukr. направо, Pol. na prawo, Ka. w prawo, w prawą, Cz. napravo, Slk. napravo.
• The meaning ‘straight on’ (прямо) is attested in Cr. pravo, Bo. pravo, Sb. право, Mk. (на)право, Bg. (на) право.

• is a complete false friend for about 105 million native speakers of Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish, Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian, Bulgarian;
• has additional meanings in the language of about 23.5 million native speakers of Czech, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘week’ is shared by Cz. týden, neděle, Bo. nedjelja, sedmica, Sb. недеља, седмица, Mk. недела.
• The meaning ‘Sunday’ (воскресенье) is attested in Blr. нядзеля, Ukr. неділя, Pol. niedziela, Cz. neděle, Slk. nedeľa, Sln. nedelja, Cr. nedjelja, Bo. nedjelja, Sb. недеља, Mk. недела, Bg. неделя.

• is a complete false friend for about 19.5 million native speakers of Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian;
• has additional meanings in the language of about 8 million native speakers of Bulgarian;
• does not have all its Russian meanings in the mother tongue of about 46 million speakers of Polish, Bulgarian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘picture, painting’ is shared by Pol. obraz, Bg. образ.
• The Russian meaning ‘manner’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘cheek’ (щека) is attested in Cr. obraz, Bo. obraz, Sb. образ, Bg. образ.
• The meaning ‘face’ (лицо) is attested in Sln. obraz, Cr. obraz, Bo. obraz, Sb. образ, Bg. образ.

• is a complete false friend for about 10 million native speakers of Czech;
• has additional meanings in the language of about 38 million native speakers of Polish.

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• The Russian meaning ‘round, circuit’ is shared by Pol. obchód.
• The meaning ‘shop’ (магазин) is attested in Cz. obchod.
• The meaning ‘party’ (праздник, торжество) is attested in Pol. obchód.

• is a complete false friend for about 38 million native speakers of Polish.

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• The Russian meaning ‘petty bourgeois’ is unique.
• The Russian meaning ‘Philistine’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘inhabitant’ (

) is attested in Pol.  .

• The meaning ‘citizen’ (гражданин) is attested in Pol. obywatel.

• is a complete false friend for about 71.5 million native speakers of Polish, Czech, Slovak, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian;
• is a true friend for about 37 million native speakers of Ukrainian;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Belarusian, Slovenian, Macedonian, Bulgarian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘vegetables’ is shared by Ukr. овочі.
• The meaning ‘fruits’ (фрукты) is attested in Pol. owoce, Cz. ovoce, Slk. ovocie, Cr. voće, Bo. voće, Sb. воће.

• is a complete false friend for about 48 million native speakers of Czech, Polish.

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• The Russian meaning ‘tin, pewter’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘lead’ (свинец) is attested in Cz. olovo, Pol. ołów.

• is a complete false friend for about 8 million native speakers of Bulgarian;
• is a true friend for about 38 million native speakers of Polish.

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• The Russian meaning ‘alder’ is shared by Pol. olcha.
• The meaning ‘fir-tree’ (пихта, ель) is attested in Bg. елха.

• is a complete false friend for about 46 million native speakers of Belarusian, Polish.

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• The Russian meaning ‘to scream’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘to plough’ (пахать) is attested in Blr. араць, Pol. orać.

• has additional meanings in the language of about 46 million native speakers of Bulgarian, Polish.

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• The Russian meaning ‘organ (e.g. in the body)’ is shared by Bg. орган, Pol. organ.
• The meaning ‘organ (musical instrument)’ (орган) is attested in Bg. орган, Pol. organy.

• is a true friend for about 38 million native speakers of Polish;
• does not have all its Russian meanings in the mother tongue of about 8 million speakers of Belarusian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘father’ (отец (в семье)) is shared by Pol. ojciec.
• The Russian meaning ‘Father (addressing a priest)’ (отец (служитель культа)) is shared by Blr. айцец, Pol. ojciec.

• is a complete false friend for about 8 million native speakers of Belarusian;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Polish.

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• The Russian meaning ‘denial’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘answer’ (ответ) is attested in Blr. адказ.

• has additional meanings in the language of about 37 million native speakers of Ukrainian;
• does not have all its Russian meanings in the mother tongue of about 75 million speakers of Ukrainian, Polish;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Belarusian, Macedonian, Bulgarian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘volunteer’ (охотник (редко), доброволец) is shared by Ukr. охочий, Pol. ochotnik.
• The Russian meaning ‘hunter’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘amateur’ (любитель; охотник до...) is attested in Ukr. охочий.

• is a true friend for about 38 million native speakers of Polish;
• is a complete false friend for about 18 million native speakers of Czech, Bulgarian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘finger’ is shared by Pol. palec.
• The meaning ‘thumb’ (большой палец) is attested in Cz. palec, Bg. палец.

• is a complete false friend for about 38 million native speakers of Polish;
• has additional meanings in the language of about 50,000 native speakers of Kashubian;
• is a true friend for about 51 million native speakers of Ukrainian, Slovak, Bulgarian;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Belarusian, Czech, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘monument’ is shared by Ukr. пам’ятник, Ka. pamiãtnik, pomnik, Slk. pamätník, Bg. паметник.
• The meaning ‘diary’ (дневник) is attested in Pol. pamiętnik, Ka. dniewnik, wspomnik, pamiãtnik.

• is a complete false friend for about 17.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian;
• is a true friend for about 56 million native speakers of Czech, Bulgarian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘memory’ is shared by Cz. paměť, Bg. памет, Pol. pamięć.
• The Russian meaning ‘computer memory’ is shared by Cz. paměť, Bg. памет, Pol. pamięć.
• The meaning ‘reason, intellect’ (разум) is attested in Cr. pamet, Bo. pamet, Sb. памет.

• is a complete false friend for about 37 million native speakers of Ukrainian;
• has additional meanings in the language of about 55.5 million native speakers of Polish, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian;
• does not have all its Russian meanings in the mother tongue of about 55.5 million speakers of Polish, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘dad’ is shared by Pol. papa.
• The Russian meaning ‘the Pope’ (папа римский) is shared by Cr. papa, Bo. papa, Sb. папа.
• The meaning ‘cardboard, pasteboard’ (папка, картон) is attested in Pol. papa.
• The meaning ‘bye-bye!’ (пока!) is attested in Ukr. папа!, Pol. papa!, Cr. papa!, Bo. papa!, Sb. папа!.

• is a complete false friend for about 45.5 million native speakers of Czech, Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian;
• has additional meanings in the language of about 83 million native speakers of Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish.

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• The Russian meaning ‘pair’ is shared by Blr. пара, Ukr. пара, Pol. para.
• The Russian meaning ‘a couple of, some’ is shared by Blr. пара, Ukr. пара, Pol. parę.
• The meaning ‘steam’ (пар) is attested in Blr. пара, Ukr. пара, Pol. para, Cz. pára, Slk. para, Sln. para, Cr. para, Bo. para, Sb. пара, Mk. пара, Bg. пара.

• is a complete false friend for about 8 million native speakers of Slovenian, Croatian;
• is a true friend for about 54 million native speakers of Polish, Czech, Slovak;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Bosnian, Serbian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘ash-tray’ is shared by Pol. popielniczka, Cz. popelník, Slk. popolník.
• The meaning ‘Ash Wednesday’ (среда на первой неделе великого поста) is attested in Sln. Pepelnica, Cr. Pepelnica.

• has additional meanings in the language of about 38 million native speakers of Polish;
• does not have all its Russian meanings in the mother tongue of about 38 million speakers of Polish.

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• The Russian meaning ‘cur, tyke’ is unique.
• The Russian meaning ‘male dog’ is shared by Pol. pies.
• The meaning ‘dog’ (собака) is attested in Pol. pies.

• has additional meanings in the language of about 27.5 million native speakers of Czech, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian;
• is a true friend for about 38 million native speakers of Polish.

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• The Russian meaning ‘Petrograd (1914-1924)’ is shared by Cz. Petrohrad, Cr. Petrograd, Bo. Petrograd, Sb. Петроград, Pol. Piotrogród.
• The meaning ‘St. Petersburg (until 1914 and since 1991)’ (Санкт-Петербург) is attested in Cz. Petrohrad, Cr. Petrograd, Bo. Petrograd, Sb. Петроград.

• has additional meanings in the language of about 38 million native speakers of Polish;
• is a true friend for about 17.5 million native speakers of Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Bulgar-ian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘scribe’ is shared by Pol. pisarz, Sln. pisar, Cr. pisar, Bo. pisar, Bg. писар.
• The meaning ‘writer’ (писатель) is attested in Pol. pisarz.

• is a complete false friend for about 55.5 million native speakers of Polish, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘to pee’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘to write’ (писать) is attested in Pol. pisać, Cr. pisati, Bo. pisati, Sb. писати.

• is a complete false friend for about 45.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Polish;
• is a true friend for about 2 million native speakers of Slovenian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘scribe’ is shared by Sln. pisec.
• The meaning ‘writer’ (писатель) is attested in Cr. pisac, Bo. pisac, Polish pisarz.

• is a complete false friend for about 48 million native speakers of Polish, Czech;
• has additional meanings in the language of about 17.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘letter’ is shared by Cr. pismo, Bo. pismo, Sb. писмо.
• The meaning ‘font, handwriting’ (шрифт, почерк) is attested in Pol. pismo, Cz. písmo, Cr. pismo, Bo. pismo, Sb. писмо.
• The meaning ‘document’ (документ) is attested in Pol. pismo.

• is a complete false friend for about 67.5 million native speakers of Polish, Czech, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian;
• has additional meanings in the language of about 2 million native speakers of Macedonian;
• is a true friend for about 8 million native speakers of Bulgarian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘body, flesh’ is shared by Mk. плот, Bg. плът.
• The meaning ‘fence’ (забор) is attested in Pol. płot, Cz. plot, Sln. plot, Cr. plot, Bo. plot, Sb. плот, Mk. плот.

• is a complete false friend for about 100.5 million native speakers of Ukrainian, Polish, Czech, Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian;
• is a true friend for about 18 million native speakers of Belarusian, Macedonian, Bulgarian;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Serbian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘novelette’ is shared by Blr. аповесць, Mk. повест, Bg. повест.
• The meaning ‘novel’ (роман) is attested in Ukr. повість, Pol. powieść.
• The meaning ‘history’ (история) is attested in Cr. povijest, Bo. povijest.
• The meaning ‘fame, reputation’ (звание) is attested in Cz. pověst, Slk. povesť.
• The meaning ‘legend’ (сказание, былина) is attested in Cz. pověst, Slk. povesť, Sln. povest.

• is a complete false friend for about 53.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Polish.

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• The Russian meaning ‘rabble, riff-raff’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘faeces, excrement’ (кал, помёт) is attested in Cr. pogan, Bo. pogan, Sb. поган.
• The meaning ‘dirt, mud’ (грязь) is attested in Cr. pogan, Bo. pogan, Sb. поган.
• The meaning ‘chase, pursuit’ is attested in Pol. pogoń.

• has additional meanings in the language of about 53.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Polish.

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• The Russian meaning ‘under’ is shared by Cr. pod, Bo. pod, Sb. под, Pol. pod.
• The meaning ‘floor, ground’ (пол) is attested in Cr. pod, Bo. pod, Sb. под.

• has additional meanings in the language of about 44.0 million native speakers of Polish, Kashubian, Slovak;
• does not have all its Russian meanings in the mother tongue of about 74.0 million speakers of Belarusian, Polish, Kashubian, Slovak, Slovenian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian;
• is a true friend for about 10 million native speakers of Czech;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Ukrainian, Croatian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘quiet’ is shared by Ka. pòkùj, Cz. pokoj, Slk. pokoj, Sln. pokoj, Sb. покој, Mk. покој, Bg. покой.
• The Russian meaning ‘room’ (покой (arch.), комната) is shared by Blr. пакой, Pol. pokój, Cz. pokoj.
• The meaning ‘peace’ (мир) is attested in Pol. pokój, Ka. pòkùj, Slk. pokoj.

• is a complete false friend for about 37 million native speakers of Ukrainian;
• has additional meanings in the language of about 46.0 million native speakers of Belarusian, Polish, Kashubian;
• is a true friend for about 45.5 million native speakers of Czech, Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘noon’ is shared by Blr. поўдзень, Pol. południe, Ka. pôłnié, Cz. poledne, Slk. poludnie, Sln. poldan, Cr. podne, Bo. podne, Sb. подне, Mk. пладне, Bg. пладне.
• The meaning ‘south’ (юг) is attested in Blr. поўдзень, Ukr. південь, Pol. południe, Ka. pôłnié.

• has additional meanings in the language of about 83 million native speakers of Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish;
• is a true friend for about 45.5 million native speakers of Czech, Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘midnight’ is shared by Blr. поўнач, Ukr. північ, Pol. północ, Cz. půlnoc, Slk. polnoc, Sln. polnoč, Cr. ponoć, Bo. ponoć, Sb. поноћ, Mk. полноќ, Bg. полунощ.
• The meaning ‘north’ (север) is attested in Blr. поўнач, Ukr. північ, Pol. północ.

• is a complete false friend for about 19.5 million native speakers of Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Polish.

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• The Russian meaning ‘diarrhoea’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘pride’ (гордость) is attested in Sln. ponos, Cr. ponos, Bo. ponos, Sb. понос.

• is a complete false friend for about 38 million native speakers of Polish.

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• The Russian meaning ‘ambassador’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘member of parliament’ (депутат) is attested in Pol. poseł.

• does not have all its Russian meanings in the mother tongue of about 48 million speakers of Polish, Czech.

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• The Russian meaning ‘bed linen, bed sheets’ is shared by Pol. pościel.
• The Russian meaning ‘bed’ is shared by Cz. postel.

• has additional meanings in the language of about 2 million native speakers of Macedonian;
• is a true friend for about 8 million native speakers of Bulgarian;

is a complete false friend for about 38 million native speakers of Polish.

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• The Russian meaning ‘probe’ is shared by Mk. проба, Bg. проба.
• The meaning ‘to test’ (пробовать) is attested in Mk. проба, Pol. próba.

• is a complete false friend for about 37 million native speakers of Ukrainian;
• is a true friend for about 46 million native speakers of Bulgarian, Polish;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Macedonian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘nickname’ is shared by Bg. прозвище, Pol. przezwisko.
• The meaning ‘surname’ (фамилия) is attested in Ukr. прізвище.

• is a complete false friend for about 55.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘fool, stupid’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘lout, ruffian’ (грубиян, невежа) is attested in Cr. prostak, Bo. prostak, Sb. простак, Pol. prostak.

• has additional meanings in the language of about 83 million native speakers of Belarusian, Ukrainian, Polish;
• is a true friend for about 45.5 million native speakers of Kashubian, Czech, Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘simple, simply’ is shared by Blr. проста, Ukr. просто, Pol. prosto, Ka. prosto, Cz. prostě, Slk. proste, Sln. prosto, Cr. prosto, Bo. prosto, Sb. просто, Mk. просто, Bg. просто.
• The meaning ‘straight on’ (прямо) is attested in Blr. проста, прамо, наўпрост, Ukr. просто, Pol. prosto.

• has additional meanings in the language of about 17.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian;
• is a true friend for about 75 million native speakers of Ukrainian, Polish.

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• The Russian meaning ‘professor’ is shared by Ukr. професор, Cr. profesor, Bo. profesor, Sb. професор, Pol. profesor.
• The meaning ‘university teacher’ (преподаватель) is attested in Cr. profesor, Bo. profesor, Sb. професор, Pol. profesor.
• The meaning ‘secondary school teacher ’ (преподаватель) is attested in Cr. profesor, Bo. profesor, Sb. професор, Pol. profesor.

• is a complete false friend for about 57.5 million native speakers of Polish, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian.

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• The Russian meaning ‘cannon’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘rifle’ (ружьё, винтовка) is attested in Sln. puška, Cr. puška, Bo. puška, Sb. пушка.
• The meaning ‘(Br.) tin, (Am.) can’ (банка) is attested in Pol. puszka.

• is a complete false friend for about 8 million native speakers of Bulgarian;
• is a true friend for about 38 million native speakers of Polish.

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• The Russian meaning ‘robbery’ is shared by Pol. rozbój.
• The meaning ‘weaver’s loom’ (ткацкий стан) is attested in Bg. разбой.

• is a complete false friend for about 38 million native speakers of Polish;
• is a true friend for about 17.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian.

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