• has additional meanings in the language of about 258 million native speakers of Russian, Bulgarian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘Algiers’ is shared by R. Алжир, Bg. Алжир.
• The meaning ‘Algeria’ (Algieria) is attested in R. Алжир, Bg. Алжир.

• is a complete false friend for about 250 million native speakers of Russian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘English’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘of angels, angel-like’ (anielski) is attested in R. ангельский. and Cz.

• is a complete false friend for about 45 million native speakers of Belarusian, Ukrainian;
• is a true friend for about 250 million native speakers of Russian;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘watermelon’ is shared by R. арбуз.
• The meaning ‘pumpkin’ (dynia) is attested in Blr. гарбуз, Ukr. гарбуз.

• has additional meanings in the language of about 11.5 million native speakers of Bosnian, Serbian;
• does not have all its Polish meanings in the mother tongue of about 17.5 million speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian;
• is a true friend for about 250 million native speakers of Russian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘pejorative of a woman’ is shared by R. баба.
• The Polish meaning ‘old woman’ is shared by R. баба, Cr. baba, Bo. baba, Sb. баба.
• The meaning ‘grandmother’ (babcia) is attested in Bo. baba, baka, Sb. баба, бака.

• has additional meanings in the language of about 8 million native speakers of Belarusian;
• does not have all its Polish meanings in the mother tongue of about 250 million speakers of Russian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘old woman’ is shared by R. бабка, Blr. бабка, Bg. бабка.
• The Polish meaning ‘a cake’ is shared by Blr. бабка.
• The meaning ‘rough boletus (a mushroom)’ (kozak, koźlarz) is attested in Blr. бабка.

• is a complete false friend for about 269.5 million native speakers of Russian, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘container, can’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘bank, credit bank’ (bank) is attested in Sln. banka, Cr. banka, Bo. banka, Sb. банка.
• The meaning ‘(Br.) tin, (Am.) can’ (puszka) is attested in R. банка.

• is a complete false friend for about 277.5 million native speakers of Russian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian;
• has additional meanings in the language of about 37 million native speakers of Ukrainian;
• is a true friend for about 8 million native speakers of Belarusian;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Czech.

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• The Polish meaning ‘linen, laundry’ is shared by Blr. бялізна, Ukr. білизна.
• The meaning ‘whiteness’ (białość, biel) is attested in R. белизна, Ukr. білизна, Cr. bjelina, Bo. bjelina, Sb. белина, Mk. белина, Bg. белина.

• is a complete false friend for about 260 million native speakers of Bulgarian, Russian, Slovenian;
• is a true friend for about 8 million native speakers of Belarusian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘party, ceremony’ is attested in Blr. бяседа.
• The meaning ‘word’ (słowo) is attested in Sln. beseda.
• The meaning ‘talk’ (rozmowa) is shared by R. беседа, Bg. беседа.

• is a complete false friend for about 19.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian;
• has additional meanings in the language of about 258 million native speakers of Russian, Bulgarian;
• does not have all its Polish meanings in the mother tongue of about 258 million speakers of Russian, Bulgarian;
• is a true friend for about 37 million native speakers of Ukrainian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘defect, flaw’ is shared by R. брак, Ukr. брак.
• The Polish meaning ‘rejects, refuse, waste’ is shared by R. брак, Ukr. брак, Bg. брак.
• The Polish meaning ‘lack, want, shortage’ is shared by Ukr. брак.
• The meaning ‘marriage’ (małżeństwo) is attested in R. брак, Cr. brak, Bo. brak, Sb. брак, Mk. брак, Bg. брак.

• is a complete false friend for about 8 million native speakers of Bulgarian;
• is a true friend for about 295 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘roll, white bread’ is shared by R. булка, Blr. булка, Ukr. булка.
• The meaning ‘bride’ (narzeczona) is attested in Bg. булка.
• The meaning ‘young woman’ (kobieta, niewiasta) is attested in Bg. булка.

• is a complete false friend for about 250 million native speakers of Russian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘narrow’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘private’ (prywatny, osobisty) is attested in R. частный.

• is a complete false friend for about 258 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian;
• is a true friend for about 10 million native speakers of Czech.

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• The Polish meaning ‘peewit, lapwing’ is shared by Cz. čejka.
• The meaning ‘seagull’ (mewa) is attested in R. чайка, Blr. чайка.

Note: Polish "czajka" can be used as a true friend of Russian "чайка" when referring to the play "The Seagull" by Anton Chekhov; in this case, the Polish "czajka" means "seagull" and not "peewit."

• is a complete false friend for about 271.5 million native speakers of Russian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian;
• is a true friend for about 63 million native speakers of Belarusian, Ukrainian, Czech, Slovak, Slovenian;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Croatian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘time’ is shared by Blr. час, Ukr. час, Cz. čas, Slk. čas, Sln. čas.
• The meaning ‘hour’ (godzina) is attested in R. час, Bo. čas, Sb. час, Mk. час, Bg. час.

• has additional meanings in the language of about 250 million native speakers of Russian;
• is a true friend for about 17.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘cheque’ is shared by R. чек, Cr. ček, Bo. ček, Sb. чек.
• The meaning ‘sales slip’ (bon, talon) is attested in R. чек.

• is a complete false friend for about 10 million native speakers of Czech;
• is a true friend for about 45 million native speakers of Belarusian, Ukrainian;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Russian, Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘June’ is shared by Blr. чэрвень, Ukr. червень.
• The meaning ‘July’ (lipiec) is attested in Cz. červenec.

• is a complete false friend for about 43.5 million native speakers of Czech, Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Bulgarian;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘day (24 hours)’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘time, era, period’ (czas, epoka) is attested in Cz. doba, Slk. doba, Sln. doba, Cr. doba, Bo. doba, Sb. доба, Bg. доба.
• The meaning ‘time, duration’ (okres, trwanie) is attested in Cz. doba, Slk. doba.

• is a complete false friend for about 17.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian;
• is a true friend for about 45 million native speakers of Belarusian, Ukrainian;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Russian, Czech, Slovak, Bulgarian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘positive’ is shared by Blr. дадатны, Ukr. додатний.
• The meaning ‘additional’ (dodatkowy) is attested in Cr. dodatni, Bo. dodatni, Sb. додатни.

• has additional meanings in the language of about 287 million native speakers of Russian, Ukrainian;
• does not have all its Polish meanings in the mother tongue of about 287 million speakers of Russian, Ukrainian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘doctor, physician’ is shared by R. доктор, врач, Ukr. доктор.
• The Polish meaning ‘PhD, DSc’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘habilitated doctor’ (doktor habilitowany) is attested in R. доктор наук, Ukr. доктор.

• is a complete false friend for about 303 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Bulgarian;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘pride’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘word’ (słowo) is attested in Bg. дума.
• The meaning ‘thought’ (myśl) is attested in R. дума (arch.), мысль, Blr. думка, дума, Ukr. дума.
• The meaning ‘East Slavonic folk song’ (pieśń ludowa) is attested in R. дума, Blr. дума, Ukr. дума.
• The meaning ‘parliament’ (parlament) is attested in R. дума, Blr. дума, Ukr. дума.

• is a complete false friend for about 2 million native speakers of Slovenian;
• is a true friend for about 293.5 million native speakers of Russian, Czech, Slovak, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘Danube’ is shared by R. Дунай, Cz. Dunaj, Slk. Dunaj, Cr. Dunaj, Bo. Dunaj, Sb. Дунај, Mk. Дунав, Bg. Дунав.
• The meaning ‘Vienna’ (Wiedeń) is attested in Sln. Dunaj.

• is a complete false friend for about 285.5 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian;
• is a true friend for about 37 million native speakers of Ukrainian;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Czech, Slovak.

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• The Polish meaning ‘railway station’ is shared by Ukr. двірець.
• The meaning ‘palace’ (pałac) is attested in R. дворец, Blr. дварэц, Cr. dvorac, Bo. dvorac, Sb. дворац, Mk. дворец, Bg. дворец.

• is a complete false friend for about 316.5 million native speakers of Russian, Ukrainian, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘pumpkin’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘watermelon’ (arbuz) is attested in Bg. диня.
• The meaning ‘sweet melon’ (melon) is attested in R. дыня, Ukr. диня, Sln. dinja, Cr. dinja, Bo. dinja, Sb. диња, Mk. диња.

• is a complete false friend for about 285.5 million native speakers of Russian, Czech, Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian;
• is a true friend for about 8 million native speakers of Belarusian;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Ukrainian, Macedonian, Bulgarian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘carpet’ is shared by Blr. дыван.
• The meaning ‘settee, sofa’ (kanapa) is attested in R. диван, Cz. divan, Slk. diván, Sln. divan, Cr. divan, Bo. divan, Sb. диван.

• is a complete false friend for about 27.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian;
• does not have all its Polish meanings in the mother tongue of about 250 million speakers of Russian;
• is a true friend for about 61 million native speakers of Belarusian, Ukrainian, Czech, Slovak;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Slovenian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘hour’ is shared by Blr. гадзіна, Ukr. година, Cz. hodina, Slk. hodina.
• The Polish meaning ‘time, hour (poet.)’ (godzina, czas) is shared by R. година, Blr. гадзіна, час, Ukr. година, час, Cz. hodina, čas, Slk. hodina, čas.
• The meaning ‘year’ (rok) is attested in Cr. godina, Bo. godina, Sb. година, Mk. година, Bg. година.

• is a complete false friend for about 8 million native speakers of Bulgarian;
• has additional meanings in the language of about 6 million native speakers of Slovak;
• is a true friend for about 324.5 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Czech, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Macedonian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘mountain’ is shared by R. гора, Blr. гара, Ukr. гора, Cz. hora, Slk. hora, Sln. gora, Cr. gora, Bo. gora, Sb. гора.
• The meaning ‘forest’ (las) is attested in Slk. hora, Bg. гора.

• does not have all its Polish meanings in the mother tongue of about ? million speakers of Belarusian, Ukrainian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘to play (a game)’ is shared by R. играть, Ukr. грати, Cz. hrát, Slk. hrať, Sln. igrati, Cr. igrati, Bo. igrati, Sb. играти, Mk. игра, Bg. играя.
• The Polish meaning ‘to play (theatre)’ is shared by R. играть, Blr. іграць, Cz. hrát, Slk. hrať, Sln. igrati, Mk. игра, Bg. играя.
• The Polish meaning ‘to play (music)’ is shared by R. играть, Blr. іграць, Ukr. грати, Cz. hrát, Slk. hrať, Sln. igrati.

• is a complete false friend for about 12 million native speakers of Czech, Slovenian;
• has additional meanings in the language of about 267.5 million native speakers of Russian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘hail’ is shared by R. град, Cr. grad, Bo. grad, Sb. град.
• The meaning ‘fortress’ (twierdza, forteca) is attested in Cz. hrad, Sln. grad.
• The meaning ‘town’ (miasto) is attested in R. град (arch.), город, Cr. grad, Bo. grad, Sb. град.

• is a complete false friend for about 250 million native speakers of Russian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘grave’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘coffin’ (trumna) is attested in R. гроб.

• is a complete false friend for about 320.5 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Bulgarian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘noise’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘dialect’ (gwara) is attested in R. говор, Blr. гаворка, Ukr. говір, Bg. говор.
• The meaning ‘talking’ (gadanie, plotka) is attested in R. говор, Blr. гаворка.
• The meaning ‘speech’ (mowa) is attested in Cr. govor, Bo. govor, Sb. говор, Bg. говор.

• is a complete false friend for about 27.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian;
• has additional meanings in the language of about 18 million native speakers of Czech, Slovak, Slovenian;
• is a true friend for about 250 million native speakers of Russian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘berry’ is shared by R. ягода, Cz. jahoda, Slk. jahoda, Sln. jagoda.
• The meaning ‘strawberry’ (truskawka) is attested in Cz. jahoda, Slk. jahoda, Sln. jagoda, Cr. jagoda, Bo. jagoda, Sb. јагода, Mk. јагода, Bg. ягода.

• is a complete false friend for about 17.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Russian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘eats’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘is’ (jest) is attested in Cr. je, Bo. je, Sb. је.

• is a complete false friend for about 267.5 million native speakers of Russian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘tomorrow’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘morning’ (poranek) is attested in R. утро, Cr. jutro, Bo. jutro, Sb. јутро.

• is a complete false friend for about 287 million native speakers of Russian, Ukrainian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘putty, cement’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘whale’ (waleń, wieloryb) is attested in R. кит.
• The meaning ‘cat’ (kot) is attested in Ukr. кіт.

• has additional meanings in the language of about 17.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian;
• is a true friend for about 250 million native speakers of Russian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘wheels’ is shared by R. колёса, Cr. kola, Bo. kola, Sb. кола.
• The meaning ‘car, cart’ (wóz) is attested in Cr. kola, Bo. kola, Sb. кола.
• The meaning ‘motorcar’ (samochód) is attested in Cr. kola, Bo. kola, Sb. кола.

• is a complete false friend for about 2.0 million native speakers of Kashubian, Slovenian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘circle’ is unique.
• The Polish meaning ‘nearby’ is (?).
• The meaning ‘bicycle’ (rower) is attested in Ka. kòło, Sln. kolo,Cz. kolo

• does not have all its Polish meanings in the mother tongue of about 267.5 million speakers of Russian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘Cologne’ (Kolonia) is unique.
• The Polish meaning ‘colony’ (kolonia) is shared by R. колония, Cr. kolonija, Bo. kolonija, Sb. колонија.

• is a complete false friend for about 303.5 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Czech, Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian;
• has additional meanings in the language of about 37 million native speakers of Ukrainian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘country’ is shared by Ukr. край.
• The meaning ‘edge’ (brzeg, skraj) is attested in R. край, Blr. край, Ukr. край, Cz. kraj, Slk. kraj, Sln. kraj, Cr. kraj, Bo. kraj, Sb. крај, Bg. край.
• The meaning ‘end’ (koniec) is attested in Ukr. край, Sln. kraj, Cr. kraj, Bo. kraj, Sb. крај, Mk. крај, Bg. край.
• The meaning ‘region’ (okolica) is attested in R. край, Blr. край, Ukr. край, Cz. kraj, Slk. kraj, Sln. kraj, Cr. kraj, Bo. kraj, Sb. крај, Mk. крај, Bg. край.

• is a complete false friend for about 250 million native speakers of Russian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘criminal’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘criminologist’ (specjalista w dziedzinie kryminologii, kryminolog) is attested in R. криминалист.

• is a complete false friend for about 311 million native speakers of Russian, Ukrainian, Czech, Slovak, Bulgarian;
• has additional meanings in the language of about 8 million native speakers of Belarusian;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘chair’ is shared by Blr. крэсла.
• The meaning ‘armchair’ (fotel) is attested in R. кресло, Blr. крэсла, Ukr. крісло, Cz. křeslo, Slk. kreslo, Bg. кресло.

• is a complete false friend for about 312.5 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian;
• is a true friend for about 10 million native speakers of Czech.

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• The Polish meaning ‘priest’ is shared by Cz. kněz.
• The meaning ‘prince, duke’ (książę (kniaź)) is attested in R. князь, Blr. князь, Ukr. князь, Cr. knez, Bo. knez, Sb. кнез.

• is a complete false friend for about 260 million native speakers of Russian, Czech;
• is a true friend for about 37 million native speakers of Ukrainian;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Belarusian, Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘April’ is shared by Ukr. квітень.
• The meaning ‘pollen’ (pyłek kwiatowy) is attested in R. цветень.
• The meaning ‘May’ (maj) is attested in Cz. květen.

• has additional meanings in the language of about 2 million native speakers of Slovenian;
• does not have all its Polish meanings in the mother tongue of about 74.5 million speakers of Belarusian, Ukrainian, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian;
• is a true friend for about 266 million native speakers of Russian, Czech, Slovak.

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• The Polish meaning ‘summer’ is shared by R. лето, Blr. лета, Ukr. літо, Cz. léto, Slk. leto, Cr. ljeto, Bo. ljeto, Sb. лето, Mk. лето, Bg. лято.
• The Polish meaning ‘year (in the plural), e.g. 30 years’ (lato (30 lat)) is shared by R. лето (30 лет), Cz. léto (30 lét), Slk. leto (30 let), Sln. leto (30 let).
• The meaning ‘year (in the sg.)’ (rok) is attested in Sln. leto.

• is a complete false friend for about 267.5 million native speakers of Russian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘idler, do-nothing’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘laziness’ (lenistwo) is attested in R. лень.
• The meaning ‘lazy’ (leniwy) is attested in Cr. lijen, Bo. lijen, Sb. лен.

• is a complete false friend for about 17.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Russian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘better’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘more beautiful’ (ładniej) is attested in Cr. ljepše, Bo. ljepše, Sb. лепше.

• has additional meanings in the language of about 261.5 million native speakers of Russian, Bosnian, Serbian;
• does not have all its Polish meanings in the mother tongue of about 267.5 million speakers of Russian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian;
• is a true friend for about 2 million native speakers of Slovenian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘face’ is shared by R. лицо, Sln. lice, Cr. lice, Bo. lice, Sb. лице.
• The Polish meaning ‘cheek’ is shared by Sln. lice.
• The meaning ‘person’ (osoba) is attested in R. лицо, Bo. lice, osoba, Sb. лице, особа.

• is a complete false friend for about 6 million native speakers of Croatian;
• is a true friend for about 45 million native speakers of Belarusian, Ukrainian;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Russian, Czech, Slovak, Slovenian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘July’ is shared by Blr. ліпень, Ukr. липень.
• The meaning ‘June’ (czerwiec) is attested in Cr. lipanj.

• is a complete false friend for about 289.5 million native speakers of Russian, Czech, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian;
• has additional meanings in the language of about 51.0 million native speakers of Belarusian, Ukrainian, Kashubian, Slovak.

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• The Polish meaning ‘letter’ is shared by Blr. ліст, пісьмо, Ukr. лист, Ka. lëst, Slk. list.
• The meaning ‘sheet of paper’ (arkusz) is attested in R. лист, Blr. ліст, аркуш, Ukr. лист, Cz. list, Slk. list, Sln. list, Cr. list, Bo. list, Sb. лист, Mk. лист, Bg. лист.
• The meaning ‘leaf’ (liść) is attested in R. лист, Blr. ліст, Ukr. лист, Ka. lëst, Cz. list, Slk. list, Sln. list, Cr. list, Bo. list, Sb. лист, Mk. лист, Bg. лист.

• has additional meanings in the language of about 6 million native speakers of Croatian;
• does not have all its Polish meanings in the mother tongue of about 283.5 million speakers of Russian, Upper Sorbian, Slovak, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian;
• is a true friend for about 57 million native speakers of Belarusian, Ukrainian, Czech, Slovenian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘November’ is shared by Blr. лістапад, Ukr. листопад, USo. listopad, Cz. listopad, Sln. listopad.
• The Polish meaning ‘falling of leaves’ is shared by R. листопад, Blr. лістапад, Ukr. листопад, Cz. listopad, Slk. listopad, Sln. listopad, Cr. listopad, Bo. listopad, Sb. листопад, Mk. листопад, Bg. листопад.
• The meaning ‘October’ (październik) is attested in Cr. listopad.

• does not have all its Polish meanings in the mother tongue of about 10 million speakers of Czech.

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• The Polish meaning ‘hospital bed; berth (on a train)’ is shared by Cz. lůžko.
• The Polish meaning ‘bed’ is unique.

• has additional meanings in the language of about 267.5 million native speakers of Russian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian;
• is a true friend for about 37 million native speakers of Ukrainian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘to like’ is shared by R. любить, Ukr. любити, Cr. ljubiti, Bo. ljubiti, Sb. љубити.
• The meaning ‘to love’ (kochać) is attested in R. любить, Cr. ljubiti, Bo. ljubiti, Sb. љубити.
• The meaning ‘to kiss’ (całować) is attested in Cr. ljubiti, Bo. ljubiti, Sb. љубити.

• is a complete false friend for about 250 million native speakers of Russian;
• is a true friend for about 17.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘lye’ is shared by Cr. lug, Bo. lug, Sb. луг.
• The meaning ‘meadow’ (łąka) is attested in R. луг.

• has additional meanings in the language of about 267.5 million native speakers of Russian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘bow (weapon)’ is shared by R. лук, Cr. luk, Bo. luk, Sb. лук.
• The meaning ‘onion’ (cebula) is attested in R. лук, Cr. luk, Bo. luk, Sb. лук.

• is a complete false friend for about 17.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘hatch’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘port’ (port) is attested in Cr. luka, Bo. luka, Sb. лука.

• is a complete false friend for about 250 million native speakers of Russian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘skates’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘skis’ (narty) is attested in R. лыжи.

• has additional meanings in the language of about 10 million native speakers of Macedonian, Bulgarian;
• is a true friend for about 330.5 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Czech, Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘mass’ is shared by R. масса, Blr. маса, Ukr. маса, Cz. masa, Slk. masa, Sln. masa, Cr. masa, Bo. masa, Sb. маса, Mk. маса, Bg. маса.
• The meaning ‘table’ (stół) is attested in Mk. маса, Bg. маса.

• has additional meanings in the language of about 267.5 million native speakers of Russian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘machine’ is shared by R. машина, мотор, Cr. mašina, Bo. mašina, Sb. машина.
• The meaning ‘car’ (samochód) is attested in R. машина, автомобиль.
• The meaning ‘locomotion’ (parowóz, lokomotywa) is attested in Cr. mašina, Bo. mašina, Sb. машина.

• is a complete false friend for about 47 million native speakers of Ukrainian, Macedonian, Bulgarian;
• has additional meanings in the language of about 268 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Czech;
• does not have all its Polish meanings in the mother tongue of about 266 million speakers of Russian, Czech, Slovak;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘mother’ is shared by Blr. матка, Cz. matka, Slk. matka.
• The Polish meaning ‘dam, female animal’ is shared by R. матка, Blr. матка.
• The meaning ‘womb, uterus’ (macica) is attested in R. матка, Blr. матка, Ukr. матка, Mk. матка, Bg. матка.
• The meaning ‘nut (to screw on a bolt)’ (nakrętka) is attested in Cz. matka.

• has additional meanings in the language of about 65 million native speakers of Ukrainian, Czech, Slovak, Slovenian, Macedonian, Bulgarian;
• is a true friend for about 275.5 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘husband’ is shared by R. муж, Blr. муж, Ukr. муж, чоловік, Cz. muž, Slk. muž, Sln. mož, Cr. muž, Bo. muž, Sb. муж, Mk. маж, Bg. мъж.
• The meaning ‘man’ (mężczyzna) is attested in Ukr. муж, Cz. muž, Slk. muž, Sln. mož, moški, Mk. маж, Bg. мъж.

• is a complete false friend for about 313 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Czech, Bulgarian;
• has additional meanings in the language of about 2 million native speakers of Macedonian;
• is a true friend for about 17.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘match, game’ is shared by Cr. meč, Bo. meč, Sb. меч, Mk. меч.
• The meaning ‘sword’ (miecz) is attested in R. меч, Blr. меч, Ukr. меч, Cz. meč, Mk. меч, Bg. меч.

• does not have all its Polish meanings in the mother tongue of about 250 million speakers of Russian;
• is a true friend for about 8 million native speakers of Bulgarian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘Mexico City’ is shared by Bg. Мексико.
• The Polish meaning ‘Mexico (country)’ is shared by R. Мексика, Bg. Мексико.

• is a complete false friend for about 250 million native speakers of Russian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘inhabitant, townsman’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘petty bourgeois’ (drobnomieszczanin) is attested in R. мещанин.
• The meaning ‘Philistine’ (mieszczuch, filister) is attested in R. мещанин.

• has additional meanings in the language of about 260 million native speakers of Russian, Czech;
• does not have all its Polish meanings in the mother tongue of about 277.5 million speakers of Russian, Kashubian, Czech, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘peace’ (mir (arch.), pokój, zgoda ) is shared by R. мир, Ka. mir, Cz. mír, Cr. mir, Bo. mir, Sb. мир.
• The Polish meaning ‘quiet, stillness’ (mir (arch.), spokój ) is shared by R. мир, покой, Ka. mir, Cz. mír, Cr. mir, Bo. mir, Sb. мир.
• The Polish meaning ‘authority, prestige’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘world’ (świat) is attested in R. мир, свет.
• The meaning ‘hist. municipality, parish, commune’ (gromada, gmina) is attested in R. мир, Cz. mír, občina.

• does not have all its Polish meanings in the mother tongue of about 250 million speakers of Russian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘motor’ is shared by R. мотор.
• The Polish meaning ‘motorbike’ is unique.
• The Polish meaning ‘contriver’ is unique.

• is a complete false friend for about 27.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian;
• is a true friend for about 311.0 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Kashubian, Czech, Slovak;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Slovenian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘to the right’ is shared by R. направо, Blr. направа, Ukr. направо, Ka. w prawo, w prawą, Cz. napravo, Slk. napravo.
• The meaning ‘straight on’ (prosto) is attested in Cr. pravo, Bo. pravo, Sb. право, Mk. (на)право, Bg. (на) право.

• is a complete false friend for about 260 million native speakers of Russian, Macedonian, Bulgarian;
• has additional meanings in the language of about 62.5 million native speakers of Ukrainian, Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian;
• is a true friend for about 18 million native speakers of Belarusian, Czech.

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• The Polish meaning ‘sudden’ is shared by Blr. наглы (reg.), раптоўны, Ukr. наглий, Cz. náhlý, Slk. náhly, Sln. nagel, Cr. nagao, Bo. nagao, Sb. нагао.
• The meaning ‘naughty’ (bezchelny, bezwstydny) is attested in R. наглый, Ukr. нахабний, наглий, Bg. нагъл.
• The meaning ‘fast, quick’ (szybki) is attested in Sln. nagel.
• The meaning ‘vehement, hasty’ (porywczy) is attested in Slk. náhly, Sln. nagel, Cr. nagao, Bo. nagao, Sb. нагао, Mk. нагло.

• is a complete false friend for about 250 million native speakers of Russian;
• has additional meanings in the language of about 23.5 million native speakers of Czech, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian;
• is a true friend for about 67 million native speakers of Belarusian, Ukrainian, Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian, Bulgarian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘Sunday’ is shared by Blr. нядзеля, Ukr. неділя, Cz. neděle, Slk. nedeľa, Sln. nedelja, Cr. nedjelja, Bo. nedjelja, Sb. недеља, Mk. недела, Bg. неделя.
• The meaning ‘week’ (tydzień) is attested in R. неделя, Cz. týden, neděle, Bo. nedjelja, sed-mica, Sb. недеља, седмица, Mk. недела.

• is a complete false friend for about 10 million native speakers of Czech;
• does not have all its Polish meanings in the mother tongue of about 250 million speakers of Russian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘round, circuit’ is shared by R. обход.
• The Polish meaning ‘party’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘shop’ (sklep) is attested in Cz. obchod.

• is a complete false friend for about 19.5 million native speakers of Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian;
• has additional meanings in the language of about 258 million native speakers of Russian, Bulgarian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘picture, painting’ is shared by R. образ, Bg. образ.
• The meaning ‘manner’ (sposób) is attested in R. образ.
• The meaning ‘cheek’ (policzek, lico) is attested in Cr. obraz, Bo. obraz, Sb. образ, Bg. образ.
• The meaning ‘face’ (lico) is attested in Sln. obraz, Cr. obraz, Bo. obraz, Sb. образ, Bg. образ.

• is a complete false friend for about 250 million native speakers of Russian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘inhabitant’ (

) is unique.

• The Polish meaning ‘citizen’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘petty bourgeois’ (drobnomieszczanin) is attested in R. обыватель.
• The meaning ‘Philistine’ (kołtun, filister) is attested in R. обыватель.

• has additional meanings in the language of about 287 million native speakers of Russian, Ukrainian;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Belarusian, Macedonian, Bulgarian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘volunteer’ is shared by R. охотник (редко), доброволец, Ukr. охочий.
• The meaning ‘hunter’ (myśliwy) is attested in R. охотник.
• The meaning ‘amateur’ (amator) is attested in Ukr. охочий.

• is a complete false friend for about 287 million native speakers of Russian, Ukrainian;
• is a true friend for about 33.5 million native speakers of Czech, Slovak, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Belarusian, Slovenian, Macedonian, Bulgarian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘fruits’ is shared by Cz. ovoce, Slk. ovocie, Cr. voće, Bo. voće, Sb. воће.
• The meaning ‘vegetables’ (jarzyna) is attested in R. овощи, Ukr. овочі.

• is a complete false friend for about 301 million native speakers of Russian, Ukrainian, Slovak, Bulgarian;
• has additional meanings in the language of about 50,000 native speakers of Kashubian;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Belarusian, Czech, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘diary’ is shared by Ka. dniewnik, wspomnik, pamiãtnik.
• The meaning ‘monument’ (pomnik) is attested in R. памятник, Ukr. пам’ятник, Ka. pamiãtnik, pomnik, Slk. pamätník, Bg. паметник.

• has additional meanings in the language of about 267.5 million native speakers of Russian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian;
• does not have all its Polish meanings in the mother tongue of about 304.5 million speakers of Russian, Ukrainian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘dad’ is shared by R. папа.
• The Polish meaning ‘cardboard, pasteboard’ is unique.
• The Polish meaning ‘bye-bye!’ (papa!) is shared by Ukr. папа!, Cr. papa!, Bo. papa!, Sb. папа!.
• The meaning ‘the Pope’ (papież) is attested in R. папа римский, Cr. papa, Bo. papa, Sb. папа.

• does not have all its Polish meanings in the mother tongue of about 295.5 million speakers of Russian, Czech, Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian;
• is a true friend for about 45 million native speakers of Belarusian, Ukrainian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘pair’ is shared by R. пара, Blr. пара, Ukr. пара.
• The Polish meaning ‘a couple of, some’ (parę) is shared by R. пара, Blr. пара, Ukr. пара.
• The Polish meaning ‘steam’ is shared by Blr. пара, Ukr. пара, Cz. pára, Slk. para, Sln. para, Cr. para, Bo. para, Sb. пара, Mk. пара, Bg. пара.

• has additional meanings in the language of about 250 million native speakers of Russian;
• does not have all its Polish meanings in the mother tongue of about 250 million speakers of Russian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘male dog’ is shared by R. пёс.
• The Polish meaning ‘dog’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘cur, tyke’ (kundel) is attested in R. пёс.

• is a complete false friend for about 250 million native speakers of Russian;
• is a true friend for about 17.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘to write’ is shared by Cr. pisati, Bo. pisati, Sb. писати.
• The meaning ‘to påå’ (szczać) is attested in R. писать.

• is a complete false friend for about 7.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘pencil, crayon’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘mouthpiece’ (ustnik, munsztuk) is attested in Cr. pisak, Bo. pisak.

• does not have all its Polish meanings in the mother tongue of about 267.5 million speakers of Russian, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Bulgarian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘writer’ is unique.
• The Polish meaning ‘scribe’ is shared by R. писарь, Sln. pisar, Cr. pisar, Bo. pisar, Bg. писар.

• is a complete false friend for about 250 million native speakers of Russian;
• has additional meanings in the language of about 17.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian;
• does not have all its Polish meanings in the mother tongue of about 27.5 million speakers of Czech, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘font, handwriting’ is shared by Cz. písmo, Cr. pismo, Bo. pismo, Sb. писмо.
• The Polish meaning ‘document’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘letter’ (list) is attested in R. письмо, Cr. pismo, Bo. pismo, Sb. писмо.

• is a complete false friend for about 27.5 million native speakers of Czech, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Russian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘cellar’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘pub’ (piwiareń) is attested in Cz. pivnice, Cr. pivnica, Bo. pivnica, Sb. пивница.

• is a complete false friend for about 258 million native speakers of Russian, Bulgarian;
• has additional meanings in the language of about 2 million native speakers of Macedonian;
• is a true friend for about 29.5 million native speakers of Czech, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘fence’ is shared by Cz. plot, Sln. plot, Cr. plot, Bo. plot, Sb. плот, Mk. плот.
• The meaning ‘body, flesh’ (ciało) is attested in R. плоть, Mk. плот, Bg. плът.

• is a complete false friend for about 22 million native speakers of Slovenian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian;
• has additional meanings in the language of about 266.0 million native speakers of Russian, Kashubian, Czech, Slovak;
• does not have all its Polish meanings in the mother tongue of about 274.0 million speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Kashubian, Czech, Slovak;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Ukrainian, Croatian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘room’ is shared by R. покой (arch.), комната, Blr. пакой, Cz. pokoj.
• The Polish meaning ‘peace’ is shared by Ka. pòkùj, Slk. pokoj.
• The meaning ‘quiet’ (spokój) is attested in R. покой, Ka. pòkùj, Cz. pokoj, Slk. pokoj, Sln. pokoj, Sb. покој, Mk. покој, Bg. покой.

• does not have all its Polish meanings in the mother tongue of about 295.5 million speakers of Russian, Czech, Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian;
• is a true friend for about 45 million native speakers of Belarusian, Ukrainian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘north’ is shared by Blr. поўнач, Ukr. північ.
• The Polish meaning ‘midnight’ is shared by R. полночь, Blr. поўнач, Ukr. північ, Cz. půlnoc, Slk. polnoc, Sln. polnoč, Cr. ponoć, Bo. ponoć, Sb. поноћ, Mk. полноќ, Bg. полунощ.

• does not have all its Polish meanings in the mother tongue of about 332.5 million speakers of Russian, Ukrainian, Czech, Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian;
• is a true friend for about 8.0 million native speakers of Belarusian, Kashubian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘south’ is shared by Blr. поўдзень, Ukr. південь, Ka. pôłnié.
• The Polish meaning ‘noon’ is shared by R. полдень, Blr. поўдзень, Ka. pôłnié, Cz. poledne, Slk. poludnie, Sln. poldan, Cr. podne, Bo. podne, Sb. подне, Mk. пладне, Bg. пладне.

• is a complete false friend for about 8 million native speakers of Slovenian, Croatian;
• is a true friend for about 266 million native speakers of Russian, Czech, Slovak;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Bosnian, Serbian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘ash-tray’ is shared by R. пепельница, Cz. popelník, Slk. popolník.
• The meaning ‘Ash Wednesday’ (popielec, środa popielcowa) is attested in Sln. Pepelnica, Cr. Pepelnica.

• is a complete false friend for about 10 million native speakers of Czech;
• has additional meanings in the language of about 250 million native speakers of Russian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘bed linen, bed sheets’ is shared by R. постель.
• The meaning ‘bed’ (łóżko) is attested in R. постель, Cz. postel.

• is a complete false friend for about 250 million native speakers of Russian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘royal messenger’ (

) is unique.

• The Polish meaning ‘member of parliament’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘ambassador’ (ambasador) is attested in R. посол.

• is a complete false friend for about 293.5 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Czech, Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Macedonian, Bulgarian;
• is a true friend for about 37 million native speakers of Ukrainian;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Serbian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘novel’ is shared by Ukr. повість.
• The meaning ‘novelette’ (krótka powieść) is attested in R. повесть, Blr. аповесць, Mk. повест, Bg. повест.
• The meaning ‘history’ (historia) is attested in Cr. povijest, Bo. povijest.
• The meaning ‘fame, reputation’ (opinia, reputacja) is attested in Cz. pověst, Slk. povesť.
• The meaning ‘legend’ (podanie, legenda) is attested in Cz. pověst, Slk. povesť, Sln. povest.

• does not have all its Polish meanings in the mother tongue of about 295.5 million speakers of Russian, Kashubian, Czech, Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian;
• is a true friend for about 45 million native speakers of Belarusian, Ukrainian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘simple, simply’ is shared by R. просто, Blr. проста, Ukr. просто, Ka. prosto, Cz. prostě, Slk. proste, Sln. prosto, Cr. prosto, Bo. prosto, Sb. просто, Mk. просто, Bg. просто.
• The Polish meaning ‘straight on’ is shared by Blr. проста, прамо, наўпрост, Ukr. просто.

• is a complete false friend for about 50,000 native speakers of Kashubian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘bottom, buttocks’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘doll’ (lalka) is attested in Ka. pùpa.

• is a complete false friend for about 269.5 million native speakers of Russian, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘(Br.) tin, (Am.) can’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘rifle’ (karabin, broń) is attested in Sln. puška, Cr. puška, Bo. puška, Sb. пушка.
• The meaning ‘canon’ (armata, działo) is attested in R. пушка.

• is a complete false friend for about 267.5 million native speakers of Russian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘in the morning’ is unique.
• The Polish meaning ‘morning’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘early’ (wcześnie) is attested in R. рано, Cr. rano, Bo. rano, Sb. рано.

• does not have all its Polish meanings in the mother tongue of about 250 million speakers of Russian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘report, account (military)’ is shared by R. реляция.
• The Polish meaning ‘report, account’ is unique.
• The Polish meaning ‘relation(ship)’ is unique.

• is a complete false friend for about 287.5 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian;
• is a true friend for about 53 million native speakers of Ukrainian, Czech, Slovak.

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• The Polish meaning ‘family’ is shared by Ukr. родина, Cz. rodina, Slk. rodina.
• The meaning ‘motherland, home region’ (ojczyzna) is attested in R. родина, Blr. радзіна, Bg. родина.
• The meaning ‘relations’ (pokrewieństwo) is attested in Sln. rodbina, Cr. rodbina, Bo. rodbina, Sb. родбина, Mk. родбина.

• is a complete false friend for about 271.5 million native speakers of Russian, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian;
• is a true friend for about 10 million native speakers of Czech;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Bulgarian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘year’ is shared by Cz. rok.
• The meaning ‘destiny, fate’ (los) is attested in R. рок.
• The meaning ‘fixed time, set term, deadline’ (termin, okres) is attested in Sln. rok, Cr. rok, Bo. rok, Sb. рок, Mk. рок.

• does not have all its Polish meanings in the mother tongue of about 250 million speakers of Russian;
• is a true friend for about 45 million native speakers of Belarusian, Ukrainian;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Czech, Croatian, Bosnian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘Russian (of the people or the language)’ is shared by Blr. расейскі, рускі, Ukr. російський.
• The Polish meaning ‘Russian (of the country or the state)’ is shared by R. российский, Blr. расейскі, рускі, Ukr. російський.

• is a complete false friend for about 250 million native speakers of Russian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘command’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘story’ (opowieść) is attested in R. рассказ.

• is a complete false friend for about 267.5 million native speakers of Russian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian;
• has additional meanings in the language of about 8 million native speakers of Belarusian;
• is a true friend for about 37 million native speakers of Ukrainian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘Ruthenian, East Slavic’ is shared by Blr. рускі, усходнеславянскі, Ukr. руський.
• The meaning ‘Russian’ (rosyjski) is attested in R. русский, Blr. рускі, расейскі, Cr. ruski, Bo. ruski, Sb. руски.

• is a complete false friend for about 293.5 million native speakers of Russian, Czech, Slovak, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian;
• is a true friend for about 47 million native speakers of Belarusian, Ukrainian, Slovenian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘matter’ is shared by Blr. рэч, Ukr. річ, Sln. reč.
• The meaning ‘word’ (słowo) is attested in Cr. riječ, Bo. riječ, Sb. реч.
• The meaning ‘speech’ (mowa) is attested in R. речь, Cz. řeč, Slk. reč, Mk. реч, Bg. реч.

• is a complete false friend for about 285.5 million native speakers of Russian, Czech, Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Bulgarian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘orchard’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘garden’ (ogród) is attested in R. сад, Cz. sad, Slk. sad.
• The meaning ‘fruit’ (owoc) is attested in Sln. sad.
• The meaning ‘now’ (teraz) is attested in Cr. sad, Bo. sad, Sb. сад.

• is a complete false friend for about 6 million native speakers of Croatian;
• has additional meanings in the language of about 2 million native speakers of Slovenian;
• is a true friend for about 47 million native speakers of Ukrainian, Czech;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Russian, Belarusian, Slovak, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘August’ is shared by Ukr. серпень, Cz. srpen, Sln. veliki srpen.
• The meaning ‘July’ (lipiec) is attested in Sln. mali srpen, Cr. srpanj.

• is a complete false friend for about 17.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian;
• has additional meanings in the language of about 287 million native speakers of Russian, Ukrainian;
• does not have all its Polish meanings in the mother tongue of about 287 million speakers of Russian, Ukrainian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘storehouse’ is shared by R. склад, Ukr. склад.
• The Polish meaning ‘shop, store’ is unique.
• The Polish meaning ‘composition’ is shared by Ukr. склад.
• The meaning ‘harmony’ (zgodność, harmonia) is attested in Cr. sklad, Bo. sklad, Sb. склад.
• The meaning ‘turn, habit, mentality’ (rodzaj, zwyczaj, mentalność) is attested in R. склад, Ukr. склад.
• The meaning ‘body, constitution’ (konstytucja ciała, budowa ciała) is attested in R. склад, Ukr. склад.
• The meaning ‘syllable’ (sylaba) is attested in R. склад (устар.), слог, Ukr. склад.

• is a complete false friend for about 299.0 million native speakers of Russian, Ukrainian, Kashubian, Czech, Slovenian;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Bulgarian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘shop’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘decision’ (postanowienie, decyzja) is attested in Sln. sklep.
• The meaning ‘cellar’ (piwnica, suterena) is attested in Ukr. склеп, Ka. sklep, Cz. sklep.
• The meaning ‘tomb, vault’ (krypta, grobowiec) is attested in R. склеп, Ukr. склеп, Ka. sklep.

• is a complete false friend for about 250 million native speakers of Russian;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘plums’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘cream’ (śmietanka) is attested in R. сливки.

• is a complete false friend for about 28 million native speakers of Czech, Slovak, Serbian, Macedonian;
• is a true friend for about 312.6 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Kashubian, Lower Sorbian, Upper Sorbian, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Bulgarian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘Slovenian’ is shared by R. словенский, Blr. славенскі, Ukr. словінський, Ka. słowensczi, LSo. słowjeński, USo. słowjenski, Sln. slovenski, Cr. slovenski, Bo. slovenski, Bg. словенски.
• The meaning ‘Slovak’ (słowacki) is attested in Cz. slovenský, Slk. slovenský.
• The meaning ‘Slavonic’ (słowiański) is attested in Sb. словенски, Mk. словенски.

• is a complete false friend for about 19.5 million native speakers of Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian;
• is a true friend for about 319 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Czech, Slovak, Bulgarian;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Macedonian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘word’ is shared by R. слово, Blr. слова, Ukr. слово, Cz. slovo, Slk. slovo, Bg. слово.
• The meaning ‘letter (of the alphabet)’ (litera) is attested in Cr. slovo, Bo. slovo, Sb. слово.
• The meaning ‘leave-taking, farewell’ (pożegnanie) is attested in Sln. slovo.

• has additional meanings in the language of about 250 million native speakers of Russian;
• is a true friend for about 10 million native speakers of Czech.

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• The Polish meaning ‘to hear’ is shared by R. слышать, Cz. slyšet.
• The meaning ‘to smell, to feel a smell’ (wąchać) is attested in R. слышать (носом).

• is a complete false friend for about 287 million native speakers of Russian, Ukrainian;
• is a true friend for about 2 million native speakers of Slovenian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘cream’ is shared by Sln. smetana.
• The meaning ‘sour cream’ (śmietanka, kożuszek na mleku) is attested in R. сметана, Ukr. сметана.

• has additional meanings in the language of about 17.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian;
• is a true friend for about 323 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Czech, Slovak, Slovenian, Macedonian, Bulgarian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘a hundred’ is shared by R. сто, Blr. сто, Ukr. сто, Cz. sto, Slk. sto, Sln. sto, Cr. sto, Bo. sto, Sb. сто, Mk. сто, Bg. сто.
• The meaning ‘table’ (stół) is attested in Cr. sto, Bo. sto, Sb. сто.

• is a complete false friend for about 12 million native speakers of Slovenian, Macedonian, Bulgarian;
• is a true friend for about 328.5 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Czech, Slovak, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘table’ is shared by R. стол, Blr. стол, Ukr. стіл, Cz. stůl, Slk. stôl, Cr. stol, Bo. sto, Sb. сто.
• The meaning ‘chair’ (krzesło) is attested in Sln. stol, Mk. стол, Bg. стол.
• The meaning ‘canteen’ (stołówka) is attested in Bg. стол.

• is a complete false friend for about 250 million native speakers of Russian;
• is a true friend for about 10 million native speakers of Czech;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Belarusian, Ukrainian, Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘table’ is shared by Cz. stůl.
• The meaning ‘chair’ (krzesło) is attested in R. стул.

• is a complete false friend for about 37.5 million native speakers of Czech, Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian;
• is a true friend for about 303.0 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Kashubian, Bulgarian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘capital’ is shared by R. столица, Blr. сталіца, Ukr. столиця, Ka. stolëca, Bg. столица.
• The meaning ‘chair’ (krzesło) is attested in Cz. stolice, Slk. stolica, Cr. stolica, Bo. stolica, Sb. столица, Mk. столица.
• The meaning ‘professorship’ (katedra) is attested in Sln. stolica.

• is a complete false friend for about 250 million native speakers of Russian;
• has additional meanings in the language of about 45.5 million native speakers of Czech, Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian;
• is a true friend for about 37.0 million native speakers of Ukrainian, Kashubian;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Belarusian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘side’ is shared by Ukr. сторона, Ka. strona, Cz. strana, Slk. strana, Sln. stran, Cr. strana, Bo. strana, Sb. страна, Mk. страна, Bg. страна.
• The meaning ‘page’ (stronica) is shared in Cz. strana, Slk. strana, Sln. stran, Cr. strana, Bo. strana, Sb. страна, Mk. страна.
• The meaning ‘country’ (kraj) is attested in R. страна, Bg. страна.
• The meaning ‘cheek’ (policzek) is attested in Bg. страна.
• The meaning ‘political party’ (partia, stronnictwo) is attested in Cz. strana, Slk. strana.

• is a complete false friend for about 7.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian;
• has additional meanings in the language of about 260 million native speakers of Russian, Serbian;
• does not have all its Polish meanings in the mother tongue of about 270 million speakers of Russian, Czech, Serbian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘world’ is shared by R. свет, мир, Cz. svět, Sb. свет.
• The Polish meaning ‘very far/long’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘council’ (rada) is attested in Cr. svjet, savjet, Bo. svjet, savjet, Sb. свет.
• The meaning ‘light’ (światło) is attested in R. свет.

• is a complete false friend for about 35.5 million native speakers of Czech, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Bulgarian;
• does not have all its Polish meanings in the mother tongue of about 250 million speakers of Russian;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Slovenian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘piece’ is shared by R. штука.
• The Polish meaning ‘art’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘pike’ (szczupak) is attested in Cr. štuka, Bo. štuka, Sb. штука, Bg. щука.
• The meaning ‘stucco’ (tynkowanie) is attested in Cz. štuka.

• is a complete false friend for about 266 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Bulgarian;
• has additional meanings in the language of about 37 million native speakers of Ukrainian;
• is a true friend for about 19.5 million native speakers of Kashubian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Czech, Slovak, Slovenian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘rail’ is shared by Ukr. шина, Ka. szina, Cr. šina, Bo. šina, Sb. шина, Mk. шина.
• The meaning ‘tyre’ (opona) is attested in R. шина, Blr. шына, Ukr. шина, Bg. шина.

• is a complete false friend for about 259.5 million native speakers of Russian, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘rainbow’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘rainy cloud’ (chmura) is attested in R. туча.
• The meaning ‘hail’ (grad) is attested in Sln. toča, Cr. tuča, Bo. tuča.

• is a complete false friend for about 19.5 million native speakers of Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian;
• has additional meanings in the language of about 8 million native speakers of Bulgarian;
• is a true friend for about 250 million native speakers of Russian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘hard’ is shared by R. трудный, Bg. труден.
• The meaning ‘tired’ (zmęczony) is attested in Sln. truden, Cr. trudan (arch.), umoran, Bo. trudan (arch.), umoran, Sb. трудан (arch.), уморан.
• The meaning ‘pregnant’ (w ciąży, brzemienna) is attested in Cr. trudna, Bo. trudna, Sb. трудна, Bg. трудна (arch.), бременна.

• is a complete false friend for about 17.5 million native speakers of Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian;
• has additional meanings in the language of about 250 million native speakers of Russian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘dead body’ is shared by R. труп.
• The meaning ‘trunk, body’ (tułów) is attested in Cr. trup, Bo. trup, Sb. труп.
• The meaning ‘trunk (of a tree)’ (pień (drzewa)) is attested in Cr. trup, Bo. trup, Sb. труп.
• The meaning ‘carcass (of an animal)’ (padlina, ścierwo) is attested in R. труп, Cr. trup, Bo. trup, Sb. труп.

• is a complete false friend for about 250 million native speakers of Russian;
• is a true friend for about 37 million native speakers of Ukrainian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘crop’ (

) is shared by Ukr.  .

• The Polish meaning ‘beauty’ is shared by Ukr. врода.
• The meaning ‘malformed person’ (dziwoląg) is attested in R. урод.
• The meaning ‘monster’ (potwór) is attested in R. урод.

• is a complete false friend for about 293.5 million native speakers of Russian, Czech, Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Bulgarian;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Belarusian, Ukrainian, Macedonian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘assembly’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘matter, thing’ (rzecz) is attested in R. вещь, Cz. věc, Slk. vec, Bg. вещ.
• The meaning ‘already’ (już) is attested in Cr. već, Bo. već, Sb. већ.
• The meaning ‘more’ (więcej) is attested in Sln. več.

• does not have all its Polish meanings in the mother tongue of about 279.5 million speakers of Russian, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian;
• is a true friend for about 10 million native speakers of Czech.

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• The Polish meaning ‘age (of a person)’ is shared by Cz. věk.
• The Polish meaning ‘age, epoch’ is shared by R. век, Cz. věk, Sln. vek, Mk. век, Bg. век.
• The Polish meaning ‘century’ is shared by R. век, столетие, Cz. věk, Sln. vek, Cr. vijek, Bo. vijek, Sb. век, Mk. век, Bg. век.

• is a complete false friend for about 295.5 million native speakers of Russian, Czech, Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Belarusian, Ukrainian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘message’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘matter’ (rzecz) is attested in R. вещь, Cz. věc, Slk. vec, Bg. вещ.
• The meaning ‘clever’ (zręczny) is attested in Sln. vešč, Cr. vješt, Bo. vješt, Sb. вешт, Mk. вешт.

• is a complete false friend for about 250 million native speakers of Russian;
• is a true friend for about 10 million native speakers of Czech.

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• The Polish meaning ‘scent, fragrance’ is shared by Cz. vůně.
• The meaning ‘stench, stink’ (smród) is attested in R. вонь.

• is a complete false friend for about 279.5 million native speakers of Russian, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Belarusian, Ukrainian, Czech, Slovak.

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• The Polish meaning ‘nasty, repulsive’ is unique.
• The Polish meaning ‘insidious, deceitful’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘harmful’ (szkodliwy) is attested in R. вредный, Bg. вреден.
• The meaning ‘precious’ (cenny, wartościowy) is attested in Sln. vreden, Cr. vrijedan, Bo. vrijedan, Sb. вредан.
• The meaning ‘able, clever’ (dzielny, zdolny, zręczny) is attested in Mk. вреден, Bg. вреден.

• is a complete false friend for about 35.5 million native speakers of Czech, Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian;
• has additional meanings in the language of about 2 million native speakers of Macedonian;
• is a true friend for about 303 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Bulgarian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘enemy’ is shared by R. враг, Blr. вораг, Ukr. ворог, Mk. враг, Bg. враг.
• The meaning ‘devil, demon’ (czart) is attested in Sln. vrag, Cr. vrag, Bo. vrag, Sb. враг, Mk. враг.
• The meaning ‘murderer’ (morderca) is attested in Cz. vrah, Slk. vrah.
• The meaning ‘slyboots, smartie’ (sprzyciarz, chytrus) is attested in Mk. враг.

• is a complete false friend for about 250 million native speakers of Russian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘in, after (a time span)’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘in, during (a time span)’ (przez) is attested in R. за.

• is a complete false friend for about 33.5 million native speakers of Czech, Slovak, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian;
• does not have all its Polish meanings in the mother tongue of about 254 million speakers of Russian, Slovenian, Macedonian;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Bulgarian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘west’ is shared by Sln. zahod.
• The Polish meaning ‘sunset’ is shared by R. заход, Sln. zahod, Mk. заод.
• The Polish meaning ‘trouble, effort’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘toilet’ (toaleta) is attested in Cz. záchod, Slk. záchod, Cr. zahod, Bo. zahod, Sb. заход.

• is a complete false friend for about 250 million native speakers of Russian;
• is a true friend for about 10 million native speakers of Czech.

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• The Polish meaning ‘prohibition’ is shared by Cz. zákaz.
• The meaning ‘order’ (zamówienie) is attested in R. заказ.

• is a complete false friend for about 10 million native speakers of Czech;
• is a true friend for about 250 million native speakers of Russian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘smell (neutral)’ is shared by R. запах.
• The meaning ‘bad smell, stench’ (smród) is attested in Cz. zápach.

• is a complete false friend for about 270 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian, Slovenian, Macedonian, Bulgarian;
• is a true friend for about 10 million native speakers of Czech;
• does not have any formally similar counterparts in Ukrainian, Slovak, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘to forget’ is shared by Cz. zapomenout.
• The meaning ‘to memorize’ (zapamiętać) is attested in R. запомнить, Blr. запомніць, Sln. zapomniti, Mk. запомни, Bg. запомня.

• is a complete false friend for about 289.5 million native speakers of Russian, Czech, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘occupation, profession, trade’ is unique.
• The Polish meaning ‘disappointment’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘contest’ (zawody) is attested in Cz. závod.
• The meaning ‘factory, works’ (fabryka, zakład) is attested in R. завод, Cz. závod, Mk. завод, Bg. завод.
• The meaning ‘institute’ (instytut) is attested in Sln. zavod, Cr. zavod, Bo. zavod, Sb. завод, Mk. завод.

• is a complete false friend for about 50,000 native speakers of Kashubian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘rotten’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘lazy’ (leniwy) is attested in Ka. zgniełi.

• is a complete false friend for about 10 million native speakers of Czech.

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• The Polish meaning ‘tired’ is unique.
• The meaning ‘diminished, made smaller, reduced’ (zmniejszony) is attested in Cz. zmenšený.

• is a complete false friend for about 37 million native speakers of Ukrainian;
• has additional meanings in the language of about 45.5 million native speakers of Czech, Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian;
• is a true friend for about 258 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘wife’ is shared by R. жена, Blr. жонка, Cz. žena, Slk. žena, Sln. žena, Cr. žena, Bo. žena, Sb. жена, Mk. жена, Bg. жена.
• The meaning ‘woman’ (kobieta) is attested in Ukr. жінка, Cz. žena, Slk. žena, Sln. žena, ženska, Cr. žena, Bo. žena, Sb. жена, Mk. жена, Bg. жена.

• is a complete false friend for about 250 million native speakers of Russian;
• is a true friend for about 10 million native speakers of Czech.

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• The Polish meaning ‘Jew (ethnically)’ (Żyd) is shared by Cz. Žid.
• The Polish meaning ‘Jew (religiously)’ (żyd) is shared by Cz. žid.
• The meaning ‘Jew (pejoratively)’ (Iwrej) is attested in R. жид.

• is a complete false friend for about 277.5 million native speakers of Russian, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Bulgarian;
• has additional meanings in the language of about 6 million native speakers of Slovak;
• is a true friend for about 47 million native speakers of Ukrainian, Czech.

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• The Polish meaning ‘rye’ is shared by Ukr. жито, Cz. žito, Slk. žito, raž.
• The meaning ‘grain, cereals, (Br.) corn’ (zboże) is attested in R. жито, Sln. žito, Cr. žito, Bo. žito, Sb. жито.
• The meaning ‘wheat’ (pszenica) is attested in Slk. pšenica, žito, Bg. жито.

• does not have all its Polish meanings in the mother tongue of about 82.5 million speakers of Ukrainian, Kashubian, Czech, Slovak, Slovenian, Croatian, Bosnian, Serbian, Macedonian, Bulgarian;
• is a true friend for about 258 million native speakers of Russian, Belarusian.

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• The Polish meaning ‘belly, body’ (brzuch, żywot) is shared by R. живот, Blr. жывот, Ukr. живіт, Sln. život.
• The Polish meaning ‘life’ (żywot, życie) is shared by R. живот (arch.), жизнь, Blr. жывот (arch.), жыццё, Ka. żëwot, żëcé, Cz. život, Slk. život, Cr. život, Bo. život, Sb. живот, Mk. живот, Bg. живот.

There is no Polish word like Blr. зрок, Cz. zrak, Slk. zrak, Sln. zrak, Cr. zrak, Bo. zrak, Sb. зрак, Mk. зрак.

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There is no Polish word like Cr. šuma, Bo. šuma, Sb. шума, Mk. шума, Bg. шума.