2016 United States presidential election in Illinois

The 2016 United States presidential election in Illinois was held on Tuesday, November 8, 2016, as part of the 2016 United States presidential election in which all 50 states plus the District of Columbia participated. Illinois voters chose electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote, pitting the Republican Party's nominee, businessman Donald Trump, and running mate Indiana Governor Mike Pence against Democratic Party nominee, former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, and her running mate Virginia Senator Tim Kaine. Illinois had 20 votes in the Electoral College.[1]

Main article: 2016 United States presidential election
2016 United States presidential election in Illinois
November 8, 2016
Turnout68.95%
 
Nominee Hillary Clinton Donald Trump
Party Democratic Republican
Home state New York New York
Running mate Tim Kaine Mike Pence
Electoral vote 20 0
Popular vote 3,090,729 2,146,015
Percentage 55.83% 38.76%
President before election

Barack Obama
Democratic

 Elected President

Donald Trump
Republican

Elections in Illinois
Federal government
U.S. Presidential elections
U.S. Senate elections
U.S. House elections
State government
General elections
Gubernatorial elections
Lieutenant Gubernatorial elections
Attorney General elections
Secretary of State elections
Comptroller elections
Senate elections
House of Representatives elections
Judicial elections
Ballot measures and referendums
Chicago
General elections
Mayoral elections
Aldermanic elections
Chicago Board of Education elections
Cicero
Municipal elections
Cook County
County elections
Treemap of the popular vote by county.

Illinois was won by Clinton, who garnered 55.83% of the votes cast against Trump's 38.76%, thus winning the state by a margin of 17.07%. Prior to the election, news organizations accurately predicted that the state would be carried by Clinton, who was born in Illinois. Clinton won by a slightly wider margin than Barack Obama in 2012, making it one of eleven states (and the District of Columbia) in which she outperformed Obama's 2012 margin; however, due to an increase in third-party voting, her overall percentage of the vote was lower than Obama's in both his runs.[2] Trump flipped eleven counties red, although all of them have small populations; the most populous of them, Whiteside County, has under 60,000 residents. He also became the first Republican ever to win the White House without carrying DeKalb, DuPage, Kane, Lake, Will, or Winnebago Counties.

Primaries

Presidential primary elections for three parties were held in Illinois. From January 25 to February 17, 2016, the Green Party of the United States held primaries and caucuses, as part of the Green Party presidential primaries, to elect delegates representing a candidate at the 2016 Green National Convention. Physician and activist Jill Stein won a landslide of the popular vote, taking almost all of the state's 23 delegates. On March 15, 2016, both the Democratic and Republican parties held primaries in Illinois as part of a five-state contest being held on the day in both the Democratic and Republican presidential primaries. In the Democratic primaries, 156 pledged delegates to the 2016 Democratic National Convention were elected and awarded to candidates proportionally, according to countywide and statewide vote. In the Republican primaries, 69 delegates to the 2016 Republican National Convention were elected and awarded to the first place candidate, according to statewide vote.

Democratic
Main article: 2016 Illinois Democratic presidential primary

The 2016 Illinois Democratic presidential primary was held on March 15, 2016 in the U.S. state of Illinois as one of the Democratic Party's state primaries ahead of the 2016 presidential election.

Forum

March 14, 2016 – Columbus, Ohio, and Springfield, Illinois: The tenth forum was held at 6:00 pm EDT on March 14, 2016, at the campus of Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio, and at the Old State Capitol State Historic Site (Illinois) in Springfield, Illinois. It aired on MSNBC. The first section of the town hall with Bernie Sanders was moderated by Chuck Todd; the second section of the town hall with Hillary Clinton was moderated by Chris Matthews.

Results

Six candidates appeared on the Democratic presidential primary ballot:[3]

Illinois Democratic primary, March 15, 2016
Candidate Popular vote Estimated delegates
Count Percentage Pledged Unpledged Total
Hillary Clinton 1,039,555 50.56% 79 24 103
Bernie Sanders 999,494 48.61% 77 1 78
Willie Wilson 6,565 0.32%
Martin O'Malley (withdrawn) 6,197 0.30% 0 1 1
Lawrence "Larry Joe" Cohen 2,407 0.12%
Rocky De La Fuente 1,802 0.09%
Others 27 0.00%
Uncommitted — 0 1 1
Total 2,056,047 100% 156 27 183
Source: The Green Papers, Illinois Board of Elections and
Illinois Democratic Party - Official Pledged Delegates Allocation

Republican
2016 Illinois Republican presidential primary
March 15, 2016 (2016-03-15)
 
Candidate Donald Trump Ted Cruz
Home state New York Texas
Delegate count 54 9
Popular vote 562,464 438,235
Percentage 38.80% 30.23%
 
Candidate John Kasich Marco Rubio
Home state Ohio Florida
Delegate count 6 0
Popular vote 286,118 126,681
Percentage 19.74% 8.74%
Illinois results by county
  Donald Trump
  Ted Cruz

The 2016 Illinois Republican presidential primary was held on March 15, 2016 in the U.S. state of Illinois as one of the Republican Party's state primaries ahead of the 2016 presidential election.

Ten candidates appeared on the Republican presidential primary ballot:[3]

Illinois Republican primary, March 15, 2016
Candidate Votes Percentage Actual delegate count
Bound Unbound Total
Donald Trump 562,464 38.80% 54 0 54
Ted Cruz 438,235 30.23% 9 0 9
John Kasich 286,118 19.74% 6 0 6
Marco Rubio 126,681 8.74% 0 0 0
Ben Carson (withdrawn) 11,469 0.79% 0 0 0
Jeb Bush (withdrawn) 11,188 0.77% 0 0 0
Rand Paul (withdrawn) 4,718 0.33% 0 0 0
Chris Christie (withdrawn) 3,428 0.24% 0 0 0
Mike Huckabee (withdrawn) 2,737 0.19% 0 0 0
Carly Fiorina (withdrawn) 1,540 0.11% 0 0 0
Rick Santorum (withdrawn) 1,154 0.08% 0 0 0
Unprojected delegates: 0 0 0
Total: 1,449,748 100.00% 69 0 69
Source: The Green Papers

Green
2016 Illinois Green Party presidential primary
January 25–February 17, 2016
23 Green National Convention delegates
 
Candidate Jill Stein William Kreml
Party Green Green
Home state Massachusetts South Carolina
Delegate count 20 1
Popular vote 119 5
Percentage 88.81% 3.73%

The 2016 Illinois Green Party presidential primary was held from January 25 through February 17 in the U.S. state of Illinois as one of the Green Party's state primaries ahead of the 2016 presidential election. It was run by the Green Party of Illinois. Illinois' primary was the first to be held of the series of presidential primaries held by the Green Party of the United States. Registered Green party voters could participate in the primary through an online ballot or at select caucus sites in the state on various dates. 23 delegates to the 2016 Green National Convention were up for election in this primary.

Five candidates stood for election, including a sixth "uncommitted" option for the ballot. The candidates included activist and Green nominee in the 2012 presidential election, Jill Stein, singer-songwriter Darryl Cherney, businesswoman Sedinam Moyowasifza-Curry, perennial candidate Kent Mesplay, and professor William "Bill" Kreml. By the end of the primary, 134 votes were cast, with Stein winning a landslide 89% of the vote. 20 delegates from Illinois to the convention were allocated to Stein following the primary, with 1 being allocated to William Kreml and 2 being sent as uncommitted delegates.[4][5]

Illinois Green Party presidential primary, January 25 - February 17, 2016
Candidate Votes Percentage National delegates
Jill Stein 119 88.81% 20
William Kreml 5 3.73% 1
Kent Mesplay 2 1.49% 0
Sedinam Moyowasifza-Curry 2 1.49% 0
Darryl Cherney 0 0.00% 0
Uncommitted 10 7.46% 2
Total 134 100.00% 23

General election
Results by county showing number of votes by size and candidates by color
Treemap of the popular vote by county

Predictions
Source Ranking As of
Los Angeles Times[6] Safe D November 6, 2016
CNN[7] Safe D November 4, 2016
Cook Political Report[8] Safe D November 7, 2016
Electoral-vote.com[9] Safe D November 8, 2016
Rothenberg Political Report[10] Safe D November 7, 2016
Sabato's Crystal Ball[11] Safe D November 7, 2016
RealClearPolitics[12] Likely D November 8, 2016
Fox News[13] Safe D November 7, 2016

Polling
See also: Statewide opinion polling for the 2016 United States presidential election § Illinois

Results
2016 United States presidential election in Illinois[14]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Hillary Clinton
Tim Kaine 		3,090,729 55.83%
Republican Donald Trump
Mike Pence		 2,146,015 38.76%
Libertarian Gary Johnson
William Weld		 209,596 3.79%
Green Jill Stein
Ajamu Baraka		 76,802 1.39%
Write-in 13,282 0.24%
Total votes 5,536,424 100.00
Democratic hold

Turnout
See also: 2016 Illinois elections § Turnout

For the state-run primaries (Democratic and Republican), turnout was 45.73%, with 3,505,795 votes cast.[15][16] For the general election, turnout was 68.95%, with 5,536,424 votes cast.[17][16]

By county
County Hillary Clinton
Democratic		 Donald Trump
Republican		 Various candidates
Other parties		 Margin Total votes cast
#  % #  % #  % #  %
Adams 7,676 24.08% 22,790 71.48% 1,481 4.64% −15,114 −47.40% 31,947
Alexander 1,262 44.75% 1,496 53.05% 62 2.20% −234 −8.30% 2,820
Bond 2,068 27.68% 4,888 65.43% 554 7.38% −2,820 −37.75% 7,510
Boone 8,986 39.65% 12,282 54.19% 1,461 6.43% −3,296 −14.54% 22,729
Brown 476 20.18% 1,796 76.13% 87 3.69% −1,320 −55.95% 2,359
Bureau 6,029 36.86% 9,281 56.75% 1,079 6.58% −3,252 −19.89% 16,389
Calhoun 739 28.89% 1,721 67.28% 101 3.94% −982 −38.39% 2,561
Carroll 2,447 33.18% 4,434 60.13% 512 6.93% −1,987 −26.95% 7,393
Cass 1,621 32.04% 3,216 63.56% 238 4.69% −1,595 −31.52% 5,075
Champaign 50,137 55.77% 33,368 37.12% 7,061 7.80% 16,769 18.65% 90,566
Christian 3,992 26.01% 10,543 68.70% 829 5.40% −6,551 −42.69% 15,364
Clark 1,877 23.99% 5,622 71.85% 342 4.36% −3,745 −47.86% 7,841
Clay 1,020 16.20% 5,021 79.72% 272 4.31% −4,001 −63.52% 6,313
Clinton 3,945 22.81% 12,412 71.77% 970 5.60% −8,467 −48.96% 17,327
Coles 7,309 33.80% 13,003 60.13% 1,367 6.31% −5,694 −26.33% 21,679
Cook 1,611,946 74.75% 453,287 21.02% 93,343 4.32% 1,158,659 53.73% 2,158,576
Crawford 1,992 23.00% 6,277 72.47% 402 4.64% −4,285 −49.47% 8,671
Cumberland 1,031 18.67% 4,206 76.17% 289 5.23% −3,175 −57.50% 5,526
DeKalb 20,466 47.82% 19,091 44.61% 3,445 8.01% 1,375 3.21% 43,002
DeWitt 1,910 25.53% 5,077 67.87% 505 6.74% −3,167 −42.34% 7,492
Douglas 1,949 24.05% 5,698 70.32% 478 5.88% −3,749 −46.27% 8,125
DuPage 228,622 54.20% 166,415 39.45% 28,610 6.75% 62,207 14.75% 423,647
Edgar 1,793 22.94% 5,645 72.21% 402 5.13% −3,852 −49.27% 7,840
Edwards 434 13.09% 2,778 83.80% 112 3.37% −2,344 −70.71% 3,324
Effingham 3,083 17.65% 13,635 78.08% 795 4.54% −10,552 −60.43% 17,513
Fayette 1,819 19.08% 7,372 77.31% 358 3.75% −5,553 −58.23% 9,549
Ford 1,414 22.43% 4,480 71.07% 444 7.01% −3,066 −48.64% 6,338
Franklin 4,727 25.46% 13,116 70.64% 724 3.90% −8,389 −45.18% 18,567
Fulton 6,133 39.20% 8,492 54.28% 1,026 6.56% −2,359 −15.08% 15,651
Gallatin 657 24.38% 1,942 72.06% 100 3.71% −1,285 −47.68% 2,699
Greene 1,205 21.70% 4,145 74.64% 209 3.76% −2,940 −52.94% 5,559
Grundy 8,065 35.09% 13,454 58.54% 1,503 6.53% −5,389 −23.45% 23,022
Hamilton 802 19.34% 3,206 77.33% 148 3.56% −2,404 −57.99% 4,156
Hancock 2,139 23.82% 6,430 71.60% 480 5.30% −4,291 −47.78% 9,049
Hardin 420 19.65% 1,653 77.35% 64 2.99% −1,233 −57.70% 2,137
Henderson 1,155 33.12% 2,155 61.80% 179 5.13% −1,000 −28.68% 3,489
Henry 8,871 36.51% 13,985 57.55% 1,508 6.19% −5,114 −21.04% 24,364
Iroquois 2,504 19.32% 9,750 75.24% 742 5.71% −7,246 −55.92% 12,996
Jackson 11,634 48.06% 10,843 44.79% 1,791 7.38% 791 3.27% 24,268
Jasper 924 18.10% 3,975 77.85% 213 4.17% −3,051 −59.75% 5,112
Jefferson 4,425 26.26% 11,695 69.40% 756 4.48% −7,270 −43.14% 16,876
Jersey 2,679 24.51% 7,748 70.88% 511 4.67% −5,069 −46.37% 10,938
Jo Daviess 4,462 39.84% 6,121 54.66% 642 5.72% −1,659 −14.82% 11,225
Johnson 1,142 18.94% 4,649 77.09% 251 4.15% −3,507 −58.15% 6,042
Kane 103,665 52.20% 82,734 41.66% 12,912 6.48% 20,931 10.54% 199,311
Kankakee 18,971 40.64% 25,129 53.83% 2,681 5.73% −6,158 −13.19% 46,781
Kendall 24,884 46.71% 24,961 46.86% 3,602 6.74% −77 −0.15% 53,447
Knox 10,083 45.40% 10,737 48.35% 1,423 6.40% −654 −2.95% 22,243
Lake 171,095 57.41% 109,767 36.83% 18,148 6.07% 61,328 20.58% 299,010
LaSalle 19,543 39.73% 26,689 54.26% 3,012 6.12% −7,146 −14.53% 49,244
Lawrence 1,290 21.34% 4,521 74.78% 247 4.08% −3,231 −53.44% 6,058
Lee 5,528 36.22% 8,612 56.42% 1,162 7.59% −3,084 −20.20% 15,302
Livingston 4,023 26.58% 10,208 67.43% 974 6.41% −6,185 −40.85% 15,205
Logan 3,313 27.24% 8,181 67.26% 761 6.21% −4,868 −40.02% 12,255
Macon 18,343 38.60% 26,866 56.54% 2,398 5.04% −8,523 −17.94% 47,607
Macoupin 6,689 30.14% 14,322 64.54% 1,212 5.45% −7,633 −34.40% 22,223
Madison 50,587 39.40% 70,490 54.90% 7,680 5.96% −19,903 −15.50% 128,757
Marion 4,369 25.79% 11,859 70.00% 736 4.34% −7,490 −44.21% 16,964
Marshall 1,789 30.23% 3,785 63.96% 365 6.15% −1,996 −33.73% 5,939
Mason 2,014 31.24% 4,058 62.94% 382 5.92% −2,044 −31.70% 6,454
Massac 1,558 23.46% 4,846 72.98% 250 3.76% −3,288 −49.52% 6,654
McDonough 5,288 40.90% 6,795 52.55% 897 6.91% −1,507 −11.65% 12,980
McHenry 60,803 42.89% 71,612 50.52% 9,868 6.94% −10,809 −7.63% 142,283
McLean 36,196 45.53% 37,237 46.84% 6,402 8.02% −1,041 −1.31% 79,835
Menard 1,817 28.22% 4,231 65.71% 416 6.44% −2,414 −37.49% 6,464
Mercer 3,071 36.41% 4,807 56.99% 569 6.74% −1,736 −20.58% 8,447
Monroe 5,535 28.97% 12,629 66.10% 942 4.93% −7,094 −37.13% 19,106
Montgomery 3,504 27.25% 8,630 67.10% 744 5.78% −5,126 −39.85% 12,878
Morgan 4,696 32.10% 9,076 62.03% 873 5.96% −4,380 −29.93% 14,645
Moultrie 1,481 23.82% 4,455 71.65% 295 4.73% −2,974 −47.83% 6,231
Ogle 8,050 33.77% 14,352 60.21% 1,467 6.15% −6,302 −26.44% 23,869
Peoria 38,060 48.47% 35,633 45.38% 5,408 6.84% 2,427 3.09% 79,101
Perry 2,462 25.18% 6,855 70.11% 481 4.91% −4,393 −44.93% 9,798
Piatt 2,645 29.65% 5,634 63.16% 693 7.72% −2,989 −33.51% 8,972
Pike 1,413 18.93% 5,754 77.08% 313 4.18% −4,341 −58.15% 7,480
Pope 375 17.58% 1,678 78.67% 83 3.89% −1,303 −61.09% 2,136
Pulaski 962 35.47% 1,675 61.76% 75 2.77% −713 −26.29% 2,712
Putnam 1,147 37.18% 1,767 57.28% 172 5.57% −620 −20.10% 3,086
Randolph 3,439 24.41% 10,023 71.15% 637 4.52% −6,584 −46.74% 14,099
Richland 1,584 20.74% 5,739 75.13% 326 4.26% −4,155 −54.39% 7,649
Rock Island 32,298 51.23% 26,998 42.82% 3,874 6.13% 5,300 8.41% 63,170
Saline 2,572 22.59% 8,276 72.70% 536 4.71% −5,704 −50.11% 11,384
Sangamon 40,907 41.58% 49,944 50.77% 7,522 7.65% −9,037 −9.19% 98,373
Schuyler 1,075 28.04% 2,524 65.83% 235 6.13% −1,449 −37.79% 3,834
Scott 535 20.51% 1,966 75.38% 107 4.10% −1,431 −54.87% 2,608
Shelby 2,288 20.71% 8,229 74.48% 532 4.81% −5,941 −53.77% 11,049
St. Clair 60,756 50.03% 53,857 44.35% 6,823 5.62% 6,899 5.68% 121,436
Stark 751 27.64% 1,778 65.44% 188 6.92% −1,027 −37.80% 2,717
Stephenson 7,768 38.76% 11,083 55.31% 1,235 6.15% −3,315 −16.55% 20,086
Tazewell 20,685 32.53% 38,707 60.87% 4,539 7.10% −18,022 −28.34% 63,931
Union 2,402 28.13% 5,790 67.81% 358 4.19% −3,388 −39.68% 8,550
Vermilion 10,039 32.89% 19,087 62.54% 1,443 4.72% −9,048 −29.65% 30,569
Wabash 1,151 21.26% 4,047 74.74% 230 4.24% −2,896 −53.48% 5,428
Warren 2,987 38.73% 4,275 55.43% 468 6.05% −1,288 −16.70% 7,730
Washington 1,448 19.61% 5,571 75.45% 375 5.07% −4,123 −55.84% 7,394
Wayne 1,048 12.69% 6,967 84.34% 250 3.02% −5,919 −71.65% 8,265
White 1,412 19.37% 5,640 77.36% 244 3.34% −4,228 −57.99% 7,296
Whiteside 11,035 43.68% 12,615 49.93% 1,629 6.44% −1,580 −6.25% 25,279
Will 151,927 50.58% 132,720 44.18% 16,251 5.40% 19,207 6.40% 300,898
Williamson 8,581 27.20% 21,570 68.38% 1,472 4.65% −12,989 −41.18% 31,623
Winnebago 55,713 47.17% 55,624 47.10% 7,038 5.95% 89 0.07% 118,375
Woodford 5,092 26.17% 13,207 67.86% 1,333 6.79% −8,115 −41.69% 19,632
Totals3,090,72955.83%2,146,01538.76%299,6805.41%944,71417.07%5,536,424

Counties that flipped from Democratic to Republican

[18]

By congressional district

Clinton won 11 of 18 congressional districts, both candidates won a district held by the other party.[19]

District Clinton Trump Representative
1st 75% 22% Bobby Rush
2nd 79% 19% Robin Kelly
3rd 55% 39% Dan Lipinski
4th 81% 13% Luis Gutierrez
5th 70% 24% Mike Quigley
6th 50% 43% Peter Roskam
7th 87% 9% Danny K. Davis
8th 58% 36% Tammy Duckworth
Raja Krishnamoorthi
9th 69% 25% Jan Schakowsky
10th 61% 32% Robert Dold
Brad Schneider
11th 58% 35% Bill Foster
12th 40% 55% Mike Bost
13th 44% 50% Rodney Davis
14th 45% 48% Randy Hultgren
15th 24% 71% John Shimkus
16th 38% 55% Adam Kinzinger
17th 47% 47% Cheri Bustos
18th 33% 60% Darin LaHood

Analysis

Clinton's win in Illinois was largely the result of a lopsided victory in Cook County, the state's most populous county and home of Chicago, the city where Clinton was born and raised. Trump meanwhile won most of the downstate rural counties by large margins. Many of these counties had voted for Clinton's husband in both his 1992 and 1996 presidential runs. This is also the first presidential election in history where a Republican managed to win the White House nationally without carrying any of Chicago's collar counties aside from McHenry County, which is more Republican-leaning than the other four collar counties. Illinois, along with Minnesota, was one of the only two Midwestern states not won by Donald Trump. The election marked the first time since 1988 in which Illinois did not vote the same as neighboring Wisconsin, and the first time since 1960 when the Democratic candidate won Illinois, while losing Wisconsin.

Cook County, the collar counties, and the downstate counties of Champaign and McLean were the only ones to swing towards Clinton. Knowing these statistics, if one were to subtract Cook County's total votes from the rest of Illinois, Trump would have won the state with 1,692,728 votes to Clinton's 1,478,783 votes.[20] This is the first time the Republicans have won Alexander County since Richard Nixon's 1972 landslide, as well as the first time they have won Fulton, Henderson, Knox, Mercer, and Putnam Counties since Ronald Reagan's 1984 landslide. Whiteside County voted Republican for the first time since 1988.[21] Peoria County matched the national popular vote this year, as it did in the 2012 election.[22]

Had Clinton won the election, she would have become the second president born in Illinois after Ronald Reagan. But like Reagan, both politicians jump-started their political careers in elected office elsewhere. Reagan served as Governor of California while Clinton served as a United States Senator from New York.

See also

References
  1. "Distribution of Electoral Votes". National Archives and Records Administration. September 19, 2019. Retrieved November 25, 2020.
  2. "2016 National Popular Vote Tracker". Cook Political Report. Archived from the original on November 15, 2016. Retrieved October 28, 2018.
  3. "Board of Election Commissioners for the City of Chicago". Archived from the original on January 26, 2016. Retrieved February 3, 2016.
  4. Mastrangelo, Vito (February 19, 2016). "Dr. Jill Stein Wins ILGP Presidential Preference Vote!". Illinois Green Party. Green Party of the United States. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved March 8, 2016.
  5. Lesiak, Krzysztof (February 21, 2016). "Jill Stein easily wins Illinois Green Party presidential preference vote". American Third Party Report. Independent Political Report. Archived from the original on March 9, 2016. Retrieved March 8, 2016.
  6. "Our final map has Clinton winning with 352 electoral votes. Compare your picks with ours". Los Angeles Times. November 6, 2016. Retrieved November 13, 2016.
  7. Chalian, David (November 4, 2016). "Road to 270: CNN's new election map". CNN. Retrieved March 3, 2019.
  8. "2016 Electoral Scorecard". The Cook Political Report. November 7, 2016. Retrieved March 3, 2019.
  9. "2016 Electoral Map Prediction". Electoral-vote.com. November 8, 2016. Retrieved March 3, 2019.
  10. "Presidential Ratings". The Rothenberg Political Report. Retrieved August 16, 2021.
  11. Sabato, Larry J. (November 7, 2016). "2016 President". University of Virginia Center for Politics. Retrieved March 3, 2019.
  12. "2016 Election Maps - Battle for White House". RealClearPolitics. Retrieved November 13, 2016.
  13. "Electoral Scorecard: Map shifts again in Trump's favor, as Clinton holds edge". Fox News. November 7, 2016. Retrieved November 13, 2016.
  14. "2016 Presidential General Election Results - Illinois". David Leip's Atlas of U.S. Elections. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
  15. "Voter Turnout". www.elections.il.gov. Illinois State Board of Elections. Retrieved March 22, 2020.
  16. "Election Results". www.elections.il.gov. Illinois State Board of Elections. Archived from the original on February 22, 2020. Retrieved March 23, 2020.
  17. "Voter Turnout". www.elections.il.gov. Illinois State Board of Elections. Retrieved March 22, 2020.
  18. Bump, Philip. "The counties that flipped parties to swing the 2016 election". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved September 1, 2020.
  19. "Presidential Results by Congressional District, 2000-2008 – Swing State Project". www.swingstateproject.com.
  20. "2016 Presidential General Election Data - National". US Election Atlas.
  21. Sullivan, Robert David; ‘How the Red and Blue Map Evolved Over the Past Century’; America Magazine in The National Catholic Review; June 29, 2016,
  22. "Illinois Election Results 2016: President Live Map by County, Real-Time Voting Updates". Election Hub.
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