Tomato seed oil
Tomato seed oil is a vegetable oil extracted from the seeds of tomatoes.
The possibility of extracting oil from tomato seeds was studied in the United States in 1914. Seeds were obtained from a variety of locations and pressed to produce oil. This was refined using an alkali and then clarified with fuller's earth. The resulting oil was pale yellow and considered suitable for dressing salads.[1]
The seeds have been given renewed attention as there is pressure to utilise the waste products of tomato processing, in which seeds are the largest component. In Greece, over a million tons of tomatoes are processed each year and the resulting quantity of seeds might be used to produce up to 2000 tons of oil. The oil from Greek seeds has been extracted by using ether as a solvent. When analysed, it was found to contain a high proportion of unsaturated fatty acids, especially linoleic acid.[2]
Tomato cultivation in India
Soil: sandy to heavy clay, pH 6.0-7.0. well drained, light.
Plant: an unarmed spreading, pubescent herb with characteristic odour.
Cultivation: It is cultivated all over India. Major states are Maharashtra, Bihar, Karnataka, U.P, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, and Assam.
Climate: Climate should be warm with plenty of moisture and sunshine.
Tomato seeds
Contains: 8.95% moisture, 27.62% protein, 24.40% fat, 0.56% lecithin, 13.60% fiber, and 40.20% of ash. N-free extracts are present up to 21%. Seeds form only 0.5% of tomato. Seeds are waste products in food industries manufacturing tomato juice, sauce, ketchup and food colours such as lycopene and beta carotene. Seeds are recovered from discarded waste product by flotation. In India the potential availability of seeds will be 7500 tonnes per annum.
Contents of tomato seed
| Substance | Percentage(%) |
| Moisture | 10.0 |
| Oil(fat) | 24-25 |
| Proteins | 27-28 |
| Fibre | 13-14 |
| Lecithin | 0.56 |
| N-free Extract | 21 |
Tomato seed oil
Tomato seed contains 24-25% of oil, but 15-17% oil can be recovered by crushing in expellers. Tomato oil is brown in color with strong odour. It contains saturated fatty acids up to 14-18%, and unsaturated fatty acids up to 76-80%. Fatty acid composition of Tomato Seed oil[3]
| Fatty acids | percentage(%)up to |
| stearic acid (C18:0) | 20.0% |
| Oleic acid (C18:1) | 25.0% |
| Linoleic acid (C18:2) | 50.0% |
| Linolenic acid (C18:3) | 2.0-3.0% |
Specifications of crude Tomato seed Oil[3]
| character | value |
| Refractive Index at 400C | 1.4603±0.00022 |
| Iodine Value | 105±0.7 |
| Saponification value | 186-198 |
| Unsaponifiable matter | 1.4% max |
| Moisture | 0.5%max |
| Color 1" cell,(y+5R) | 30(crude Oil) |
| density, at 25° | 0.9160±0.00024 |
| viscosity,(21 °C)mPa.s | 75±0.4 |
| Smoke point,°C | 176±63.0 |
Usage of tomato seed oil
- In making of non-yellowing alkyds for paints
- In preparation of margarine
- In making of soaps
- In the preparation of salad oils
References
- The Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, American Chemical Society, 11 part 2: 850, 1919
{{citation}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - Lazos, Tsaknis, Lalas (1998), "Characteristics and composition of tomato seed oil" (PDF), Grasas y Aceites, 49 (5–6): 440–445, doi:10.3989/gya.1998.v49.i5-6.755
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Ciiaracteristics and composition of tomato seed oil.By Evangelos S. Lazos*, John Tsaknis and Stavros Lalas
