Timeline of Cambodian history

This is a timeline of Cambodian history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Cambodia and its predecessor states. To read about the background to these events, see History of Cambodia. See also the list of kings of Cambodia.

Before 1st century
CenturyDateEvent
2,500 years agoThe walled city of Angkor Borei in Takéo province is Cambodia's first known city, with archaeological excavations unearthing moats, reservoirs, brick monuments, and glass beads that were traded in from the Near East and India.

1st–8th centuries
CenturyDateEvent
1st–6thFunan period – early state-like polities in delta and coastal regions, trading contact with India and China, "Indianisation" of Khmer society begins.
7th–8thChenla period – shift in trade patterns causes decline of Funan, emergence of large kingdoms in inland area, Indianisation continues.

9th century
YearDateEvent
802Jayavarman II declared independence from Srivijaya under the Sailendra, proclaiming himself the divine king of Kambuja.
835Jayavarman II died. His son Jayavarman III succeeded him.
877Jayavarman III died. He was succeeded by his cousin Indravarman I.
890Indravarman died. His son Yasovarman succeeded him.

10th century
YearDateEvent
968Jayavarman V succeeded Rajendravarman II as ruler of Kambuja, now the Khmer Empire.

11th century
YearDateEvent
1001Jayavarman V died. He was succeeded by Udayadityavarman I.
1002The king died. A civil war ensued between Jayaviravarman and Suryavarman I, both of whom claimed the throne.
1010Suryavarman became the uncontested king of the Khmer Empire.
1050Suryavarman died. He was succeeded by Udayadityavarman II, a descendant of Yasovarman's wife.
1066Udayadityavarman died. Harshavarman III succeeded him.

12th century
YearDateEvent
1107Jayavarman VI died. He was succeeded by Dharanindravarman I.
1113Dharanidravarman died, possibly murdered by his great nephew Suryavarman II who succeeded him.
1132An attempted invasion of Vietnam was defeated.
1150Suryavarman II died, possibly in a military campaign against the Cham of Central Vietnam. Dharanindravarman II succeeded him.
1160Dharanindravarman died. He was succeeded by Yasovarman II.
1177Cham invaders took control of Yasodharapura, the Khmer capital, and executed the king.

13th century
YearDateEvent
1203Jayavarman VII forcibly annexed the south of Champa.
1219Jayavarman VII died. He was succeeded by Indravarman II.
1238Two Thai chieftains in the city of Sukhothai declared the establishment of the Sukhothai Kingdom and its independence from Angkorian dominion.
1243Indravarman II died. Jayavarman VIII succeeded him.
1283Jayavarman VIII agreed to pay tribute to the Mongol Empire in lieu of suffering invasion.
1295Jayavarman VIII was allowed to abdicate after being deposed by his son-in-law Indravarman III (Srindravarman), the first king to make Theravada Buddhism the state religion.

14th century
YearDateEvent
1351The Siamese Ayutthaya Kingdom laid siege to Angkor for a year and a half, then invaded and conquered it, leaving an Ayutthayan prince to rule.
1357King Suryavong led the Khmer army in retaking Angkor from the Siamese.

15th century
YearDateEvent
1431The Thai invade Angkor. The Khmer capital is relocated to Srei Santhor and next year to Phnom Penh.
1471Thousands of Cham settle in Cambodia as refugees from the fall of Vijaya (northern section of Champa) to the Vietnamese.

16th century
YearDateEvent
1505The royal Khmer court moves to Oudong.
1525The royal Khmer court moves to Longvek.
1593King Sattha requested protection from the Spanish governor of the Philippines against the Thai.
1594The Thai captured the Cambodian capital, Longvek, and installed a military governor there.
1595Sattha died in Laos
1597Spanish adventurers install a son of King Sattha on the throne.
1599The Spanish in Cambodia were massacred by Malay warlords.

17th century

Note that names vary considerably from source to source, as do dates.

YearDateEvent
1602King Suriyopear (nephew of Sattha) installed with help of Ayutthaya.
c.1616Nguyen Phuoc Nguyen, king of Hue, approaches Suriyopear to form a military alliance directed at their enemies Ayutthaya (for Suriyopear) and the Trinh dynasty of Hanoi (for Nguyen).
1618Suriyopear abdicates, enters a monastery (dies next year). His son Chey Chettha II becomes king.
1623According to the Chronicles and popular Cambodian belief, in this year King Chettha II allowed Vietnamese refugees from the Trịnh–Nguyễn Civil War to settle in the Khmer sea port of Prey Nokor. Professional scholars do not believe this happened.
1628Death of Chettha II; followed as king by his son Ponhea Tu, while his younger brother Outhei takes the title Ubhayoraj, or senior king.
1632Ponhea Tu killed after rebelling against the Ubhayoraj. Followed by his younger half-brother Ponhea Nur
1640Death of Ponhea Nur in suspicious circumstances. Followed by Padumaraja I, son of Outhei.
1642Murder of Padumaraja and Outhei by Ramadhipadi, son of Chettha II. Ramadhipati converts to Islam and takes the name Ibrahim.
1658–59Two sons of Outhei rebel against Ramadhipati/Ibrahim and call on Vietnamese help. First Vietnamese intervention in Cambodia, four more in the course of the century. Ramadhipati/Ibrahim captured and removed to Hue, where he dies. Ang Sur, son of Outhei, becomes king.
1690The Mekong Delta region of Cambodia (from Prey Nokor to Psar Dek and Moat Chrouk) was officially annexed by Vietnam.
1698An emissary arrived in Prey Nokor to establish Vietnamese administration over the expatriate population.

18th century
YearDateEvent
1749The Vietnamese conquered the Mekong Delta.
1779A new Khmer king, Ang Eng, was installed under Thai protection.

19th century
YearDateEvent
1820A Khmer revolt took place against Vietnamese rule .
1841Ang Duong becomes king.
1851Cambodia successfully overthrew the Vietnamese occupation.
1856November 25Ang Duong dispatches a letter to French Emperor Napoleon III requesting intervention to protect Cambodia's territorial integrity.
1860In January, Angkor Wat is "rediscovered" by French naturalist and explorer Henri Mouhot.
1860Ang Duong dies. His son Norodom succeeds him.
1863Faced with a domestic rebellion, Norodom was forced to accept an offer of protection from the French.
1887OctoberCambodia was subsumed into the Indochinese Union.
1897The Résident supérieur was granted the royal powers of tax collection, rule by decree, and appointment of royal officials and crown princes.

20th century
YearDateEvent
1941Japanese occupation of Cambodia: Japanese troops occupied Cambodia.
King Sisowath Monivong died. The French chose his grandson Norodom Sihanouk to succeed him.
1945After its defeat in World War II, Japan relinquished its Indochinese territories.
19539 NovemberCambodia officially gained its independence from France.
19552 MarchKing Sihanouk abdicated in favour of his father, Norodom Suramarit.
196327 AugustCambodia severed ties with South Vietnam.
197018 MarchGeneral Lon Nol overthrew Sihanouk and established a republic. Start of the Cambodian Civil War and the US Cambodian Campaign
197517 AprilThe Khmer Rouge allied with Sihanouk captured Phnom Penh and declared the establishment of Kingdom of Cambodia.
19762 AprilSihanouk exiled and establishment of Democratic Kampuchea under total Khmer Rouge control.
197731 DecemberCambodia broke relations with the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.
19797 JanuaryCambodian-Vietnamese War: Vietnamese troops captured Phnom Penh establishing the People's Republic of Kampuchea. The rule of the Khmer Rouge is over.
198926 SeptemberThe last Vietnamese troops withdrew from Cambodia.
199216 MarchA United Nations peacekeeping force, the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC), began monitoring Cambodia.
1993MayCambodia held free elections. The Khmer Rouge boycotted them.
24 SeptemberA new constitution was ratified, under which the Cambodian monarchy was restored. Norodom Sihanouk returned to the throne.
1997The Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia, a tribunal for the Khmer Rouge, was established.
199815 AprilDeath of Pol Pot.

21st century
YearDateEvent
200318 JanuaryAn Angkor newspaper reported that Suvanant Kongying, a Thai actress, had claimed that Angkor Wat rightfully belonged to Thailand.
28 JanuaryThai television programs were banned from broadcasting in Cambodia.
29 January2003 Phnom Penh riots: Nationalist rioters destroyed the Thai embassy in Phnom Penh.
7 JulyCambodian parliamentary election: Prime Minister Hun Sen's Cambodian People's Party won a majority of seats in the National Assembly.
200414 OctoberKing Norodom Sihanouk abdicated. His son Norodom Sihamoni was crowned as his successor.
2008June2008 Cambodian-Thai stand-off: Clashes began with Thailand over territory immediately adjacent to the Preah Vihear Temple.
201215 OctoberFormer King of Cambodia Norodom Sihanouk died in Beijing at the age of 89.
20143 JanuaryMilitary police opened fire at opposition protesters, leaving 3 people dead and more than 20 injured.

References
    • "Battambang's prehistoric site La'ang Spean open to visitors".
    • "A voyage with an explorer, from Angkor to the grave".
    • "New Perspectives on Early Cambodia from the Lower Mekong Archaeological Project" (PDF). angkordatabase.asia. The Khmer Institute. 2001.
    • "Jacobsen history challenged".
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