The 40th Anniversary Henry Cow Box Set

Extracts from rehearsal and other tapes from before Legend (1973).

"Pre-Teenbeat I/II" are fragments later incorporated into "Teenbeat". Track 6 is an extended version of "Teenbeat" with a lengthy guitar solo from Fred Frith and an embedded free improvisation section. "Citizen King" became "Nine Funerals of the Citizen King", and "Nirvana for Moles" became "Nirvana for Mice" on Legend. "Rapt in a Blanket" and "Came to See You" are two songs composed and sung by Frith around arrangements by Henry Cow. Frith had presented the songs to the group as just chords and a tune and in need of elaboration, which forced the band to adjust their approach from only working on longish instrumentals. At the time Chris Cutler had been rehearsing part-time with Henry Cow, and he has stated that it was this new challenge which prompted him to join the group permanently.[13]

With the Yellow Half-Moon and Blue Star is a Frith composition that was commissioned by the Cambridge Contemporary Dance Group under Liebe Klug, and was named after a painting by Paul Klee (Avec la demi-lune jaune et l'étoile bleue).[14] Only an extract of it appeared on Legend, whereas it is featured here for the first time in its entirety. Guider Tells of Silent Airborne Machine is a suite of three instrumentals, "Olwyn Grainger" and "Betty McGowan" by the group and "Lottie Hare" ("a neo-classical miniature"[2]) by John Greaves. Its inspiration came from a news item that appeared on 23 August 1971 in The Times about a group of Girl Guide leaders, Olwyn Grainger, Lottie Hare and Betty McGowan who had reported witnessing a UFO.[15]

• Chris Cutler – drums, piano (start of track 18)
• Fred Frith – guitar, violin, voice (tracks 3,4)
• John Greaves – bass guitar, piano (end of tracks 18,19), voice (tracks 7,18)
• Tim Hodgkinson – organ, alto saxophone, melodica, clarinet, voice (track 7)
• Geoff Leigh – tenor saxophone (tracks 1,2,5–19), flute (tracks 1,2,5–19), voice (tracks 7,9,16)

• Amanda Parsons – conversation (track 6)
• Ann Rosenthal – conversation (track 6)
• D.J. Perry – spoken passage (tracks 9,16)
• Dave Stewart – celeste (track 6), conversation (track 6)

• Tracks 1,2,5 are from rehearsal tapes, recorded by Jack Balchin before Legend
• Tracks 3,4,6 were recorded on the John Peel Show in London, 28 February 1972; broadcast by the BBC on 14 March 1972[16][lower-alpha 3]
• Tracks 7,8,17–19 were recorded on the John Peel Show in London, 24 April 1973; broadcast by the BBC on 8 May 1973[17][lower-alpha 3]
• Tracks 9–16 were recorded on the John Peel Show in London, 17 October 1972; broadcast by the BBC on 14 November 1972[18][lower-alpha 3]

A collection of live performances from 1974 and 1975.

Halsteren is an instrumental suite that incorporates an early version of Tim Hodgkinson's "Living in the Heart of the Beast" from In Praise of Learning (1975). Recorded in Halsteren in September 1974 when Henry Cow was a quartet of Cutler, Frith, Greaves and Hodgkinson, Hodgkinson's unfinished instrumental is performed here in sections interspaced with improvisations by the group.[19] Part of another performance of this suite also features in "Groningen" on Concerts (1976). Halsteren concert organiser Jan Smagge recounts in the box set booklets an anecdote where the band were approached by several people during an interval and asked whether they could play any songs by Mud, a contemporary mainstream pop act.[19] Halsteren is followed here by "Living in the Heart of the Beast" from a Paris concert with Robert Wyatt in May 1975. It is the first live recording of the completed vocal version of the composition, and is sung by Dagmar Krause, her first public appearance with the band,[2] with Wyatt accompanying her in the closing verses.

• Lindsay Cooper – oboe (tracks 1–5,24–32), bassoon (tracks 1–5,24–32), piano (tracks 24–32)
• Chris Cutler – drums, glass bowls and clatter (tracks 7–23)
• Fred Frith – guitar (tracks 1–5,24–32), viola (tracks 1–5,24–32), piano (track 1,2), electric and acoustic guitars (tracks 7–23), prism (tracks 7–23), xylophone (tracks 24–32)
• John Greaves – bass guitar, piano (track 3), clothes pegs (tracks 7–23)
• Tim Hodgkinson – organ, alto saxophone, clarinet (tracks 7–23)
• Dagmar Krause – voice (tracks 24–32)

• Robert Wyatt – voice (tracks 29,32)

• Tracks 1–5 were recorded on the John Peel Show in London, 25 April 1974; broadcast by the BBC on 9 May 1974[20][lower-alpha 3]
• Tracks 7–23 are from a concert at the Verenigingsgebouw in Halsteren, 26 September 1974, recorded by Jan Smagge on a stereo reel-to-reel
• Tracks 24–32 are from a concert at the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées, Paris, 8 May 1975, with live mix by Sarah Greaves

Recordings from Henry Cow's March 1976 NDR Jazz Workshop in Hamburg, Germany, plus two songs with Robert Wyatt from concerts in Paris and Rome in May and June 1975, respectively.

"Fair as the Moon", followed later by "Terrible as an Army with Banners" are based on "Beautiful as the Moon – Terrible as an Army with Banners" from In Praise of Learning (1975), and became the longest lasting "building block" the band used in live performances.[19] "Nirvana for Rabbits" is a rework of the Frith composition "Nirvana for Mice" from Legend (1973), while "Ottawa Song" is part of a longer suite Frith composed for the Ottawa Company, the rest of which never survived, except for fragments that appeared in "Muddy Mouse" and "Muddy Mouth" on Wyatt's solo album, Ruth Is Stranger Than Richard (1975).[21] This performance of "Ottawa Song" also appears (by accident) on Volume 6: Stockholm & Göteborg, but without the introductory bassoon solo. "Gloria Gloom" is from Matching Mole's second album, Matching Mole's Little Red Record (1972). "Hamburg 1–5", "Red Noise 10" and "A Heart" are improvisations by the band, the last two titled at the request of NDR.[lower-alpha 4][22] "Hamburg 2" includes a fragment from Slapp Happy's song, "A Little Something".

Wyatt sings on "Little Red Riding Hood Hit the Road" from his solo album, Rock Bottom (1974), and on "We Did It Again", a "surprising and wackily absurdist"[2] cover of the Soft Machine song from their debut album, The Soft Machine (1968). The version of "We Did It Again" that appears on this CD is a combination of two different recordings of the same performance, one from an audience cassette recording with "a lot of audience reaction, a lot of guitar, thin-sounding drums and bass, and only a faint echo of the vocals", and one from the mixing desk with "almost no guitar, but plenty of drums, bass, and vocals".[23]

• Chris Cutler – drums
• Lindsay Cooper – oboe, bassoon, flute, piano (tracks 7–11)
• Fred Frith – guitar, piano (tracks 1,4,12,13)
• John Greaves – bass guitar, voice (track 3)
• Tim Hodgkinson – organ, alto saxophone
• Dagmar Krause – voice

• Robert Wyatt – voice (tracks 14,15)

• Tracks 1–13 are from a public concert recorded for the NDR Jazz Workshop, Hamburg, 26 March 1976
• Track 14 are from a concert at the Piazza Navona, Rome, 27 June 1975, mixed by Sarah Greaves
• Track 15 are from a concert at the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées, Paris, 8 May 1975, with live mix by Sarah Greaves

A double CD of a complete concert recorded in Trondheim, Norway on 26 May 1976, later broadcast on the Sveriges Radio radio program, Tonkraft on 14 July 1976.

When Henry Cow prepared to embark on their May 1976 tour of Scandinavia, they were two members short: John Greaves had left the band after the March 1976 Hamburg concert, and Dagmar Krause had remained behind in Hamburg due to ill-health. As they were committed to the tour, Henry Cow, as a quartet of Cutler, Frith, Hodgkinson and Cooper, abandoned their familiar set lists and decided to improvise all the concerts on the tour in the dark. They were also accompanied by "shadows that were not us",[24] which were two-hour tapes that Cooper, Hodgkinson and Frith had each prepared. The subject of the tapes were: Cooper – youth to old age; Hodgkinson – history of language; and Frith – history of Henry Cow. The tapes ran continuously and inaudibly throughout the duration of the show, but were made audible by their creators from time to time with a foot pedal, without knowing what part of the tape would be heard. Chris Cutler explained that it was an "attempt to inhabit a dramaturgy anchored in narratives of origins, evolution, history and ritual".[24] They also decided to disguise and "primitivise" themselves and their equipment, and hence the darkness.[2][24]

Another recording from this Scandinavian tour where Henry Cow performed in the dark was released as "Sundsvall, or Helsinki" on "Ex Box – Collected Fragments 1971–1978", a bonus CD given to subscribers of the 2019 Henry Cow Box Redux: The Complete Henry Cow.[25]

François Couture at AllMusic called Trondheim the "crown jewel" of the box set, saying it was "some of [Henry Cow's] darkest and most thrilling music".[3] John Kelman at All About Jazz described Trondheim as "about as unapproachable as Henry Cow ever got, and yet amongst the densities and at times harsh realms are moments of profound beauty. The 80-minute improvisation ... demonstrates the kind of intuitive push-and-pull that could only come from musicians not just spending a great deal of time playing together, but also living together, with a potent ability to sometimes shift ambience and color at the drop of a dime."[2]

• Lindsay Cooper – oboe, bassoon, tapes, voice, flute (CD 1), recorder (CD 1), piano (CD 1, tracks 7–9), jaw harp (CD 2)
• Chris Cutler – drums, telephone mouthpieces, amplification, flotsam (CD 1), voice (CD 1), jetsam (CD 2), piano (CD 2)
• Fred Frith – guitar, 6-string bass guitar, xylophone, tapes, violin (CD 1), tubular bells (CD 1),
• Tim Hodgkinson – organ, clarinet, voice, tapes, alto saxophone (CD 2), mbira (CD 2)

• All tracks from a cassette recording made by Henry Cow at the mixing desk at a concert at Studentersamfundet, Trondheim, 26 May 1976, mixed by Joel Schwartz

Swedish Radio recordings of concerts performed in May 1976 in Gothenburg and May 1977 in Stockholm. This CD was released separately from the box set by RēR Megacorp in September 2008.

• Georgie Born – bass guitar, cello (tracks 1–7,12–14)
• Lindsay Cooper – bassoon, flute, recorder, piano (tracks 1–2), tapes (tracks 9-11)
• Chris Cutler – drums, electrification, piano (track 10)
• Fred Frith – guitar, xylophone, tapes (tracks 9-11), piano (tracks 13–14)
• Tim Hodgkinson – organ, alto saxophone, clarinet, voice (tracks 9-11), tapes (tracks 9-11)
• Dagmar Krause – singing (tracks 1–7,12–14)
• John Greaves – bass guitar (track 8), voice (track 8)

• Tracks 1–7 and 12–14 were recorded for Tonkraft by Sveriges Radio at a concert in Stockholm on 9 May 1977 and broadcast on 8 June and 11 June 1977; the programme producer was S. Vermalin
• Track 8 was recorded for the NDR Jazz Workshop in Hamburg on 26 March 1976; its inclusion in this volume was unintentional and later acknowledged (see Stockholm & Göteborg)
• Tracks 9-11 were recorded for Tonkraft by Sveriges Radio at a concert in Gothenburg on 28 May 1976 and broadcast on 14 July and 17 July 1976; the programme producer was Christer Eklund

A collection of live performances from late 1976 and 1977.

"Joan" and "On Suicide", traditionally associated with Art Bears and Hopes and Fears (1978), feature here and show that they were Henry Cow songs long before Art Bears came into being.[2] "On Suicide" is longer than the Art Bears version and ends with a cello solo by Georgie Born; the Brecht/Eisler song, arranged by Fred Frith, had been suggested to the group by Anthony Moore.[27] The Art Bears version of "Joan" also differs from the live recording here in that it is shorter (several sections are "telescoped" into one), and the lyrics are not the same. Chris Cutler wrote the original lyrics for "Joan" and Tim Hodgkinson's "The Pirate Song", but the group were unhappy with them, and the songs were withdrawn from Henry Cow's repertoire. "Joan" was only performed a few times, and "The Pirate Song" not at all. Prior to Henry Cow's recording session at Sunrise in Switzerland in January 1978, Cutler rewrote the lyrics of the two songs, but once again there were objections from factions within the group. Dagmar Krause, however, supported the new lyrics and both songs were recorded by Henry Cow with the revised texts, only to be released later by Art Bears on Hopes and Fears as a result of further disagreements with the group.[28]

"Untitled Piece" was a work-in-progress by Lindsay Cooper that was only performed a few times by Henry Cow,[29] and foreshadowed some of her work that appeared later on her 1998 solo album A View From the Bridge.[2] "Chaumont 1", "Chaumont 2" and "March" are from a Paris concert featuring an improvisation by the group, a bassoon and saxophone duet by Cooper and Hodgkinson, and Frith's familiar "March" to close the set. Also included are new renditions of "Teenbeat" and "Bittern Storm over Ulm". According to All About Jazz, "Teenbeat 2" features "some of Frith's most searing guitar playing of the box", and "Teenbeat 3" has "Hodgkinson's saxophone at its most visceral."[2]

"Post-Teen Auditorium Invasion" and "Bucket Waltz" are from a concert in Amsterdam that feature guests Annemarie Roelofs and ex-Henry Cow member Geoff Leigh. Roelofs, who was attending the concert, began playing trombone from the audience and was invited to join Henry Cow on stage. She ended up touring with the band the following year and playing on Western Culture.[30] Leigh, whose band Red Balune was playing at the same concert, was invited by his former band to guest with them.[11]

• Tim Hodgkinson – organ, alto saxophone, clarinet (track 12), voice (track 5), tapes
• Fred Frith – guitar, xylophone, tubular bells, violin, piano (track 7)
• Lindsay Cooper – bassoon, oboe, jaw harp, flute, piano (tracks 3–5), accordion (track 5)
• Georgie Born – bass guitar, cello
• Dagmar Krause – voice (track 1,3,7,12)
• Chris Cutler – drums, contact microphone amplification (tracks 5–7)

• Geoff Leigh – tenor saxophone (tracks 10–11)
• Annemarie Roelofs – trombone (tracks 10–11)

• Tracks 1–3 were recorded on cassette from the audience at Wandsworth Town Hall, London, 13 February 1977, live mix by Jack Balchin
• Track 4 was recorded on cassette from the audience at De Plek, Vlissingen, 22 May 1977, live mix by Jack Balchin
• Tracks 5–7 were recorded on cassette from the audience at Salle des Fetes, Chaumont, 25 November 1976, live mix by Jack Balchin
• Tracks 8–11 were recorded on cassette from the audience at Melkweg, Amsterdam, 16 December 1977, live mix by Jack Balchin
• Track 12 was from an unidentified cassette recording, probably May/June 1977

Extracts from a live radio broadcast on Radio Bremen for New Jazz Live on 22 March 1978.

Henry Cow perform here as a quintet of Hodgkinson/Frith/Cooper/Born/Cutler; Dagmar Krause had left the band the previous November due to ill health.[11] "Armed Maniac/Things We Forgot" is a titled improvisation with references "in ambience" to contemporary classical composers Krzysztof Penderecki and György Ligeti.[lower-alpha 4][2] New Suite is a Fred Frith composition that includes "Van Fleet", a pun on Don Van Vliet,[31] and an instrumental version of Tim Hodgkinson's "Viva Pa Ubu". "Viva Pa Ubu" is a song that had been recorded, with the whole group singing, during (what became) the Hopes and Fears recording sessions in January 1978, and was the start of a musical production by Hodgkinson of Alfred Jarry's play Ubu Roi (Pa Ubu being a character in the play).[32] It was later released on the Recommended Records Sampler and re-released as a bonus track on the CD reissue of Western Culture. Die Kunst Der Orgel is a 34-minute improvisation that ends with an instrumental version of Tim Hodgkinson's "Erk Gah".

• Tim Hodgkinson – organ, alto saxophone, clarinet, mbira, voice (track 9)
• Fred Frith – guitar, tubular bells, marimba (track 8), xylophone (track 14), violin, piano (track 7)
• Lindsay Cooper – bassoon, oboe, sopranino saxophone, recorder, piano (tracks 9–11,14), accordion, egg-slicer
• Georgie Born – bass guitar, cello
• Chris Cutler – drums, marimba (tracks 9–10), piano (tracks 1,14)

• Recorded for New Jazz Live at a public concert at Sendesall, Studio F, Radio Bremen, 22 March 1978, produced by Bernd Meier, concert mix by Jack Balchin

A collection of performances from June and July 1978, plus Henry Cow's set at the inaugural Rock in Opposition Festival in March 1978.

"Joy of Sax" is a saxophone trio of Lindsay Cooper, Tim Hodgkinson and David Chambers from the Orckestra, which was a merger of Henry Cow, the Mike Westbrook Brass Band and folk singer Frankie Armstrong that took place in 1977. "Jackie-ing", also featuring Chambers, is a Westbrook arrangement of a Thelonious Monk composition that the Orckestra had performed. "The Herring People" is a Fred Frith instrumental he wrote to "counterbalance" the increasingly complex Hodgkinson and Cooper compositions.[33] It was later recorded by Henry Cow during the July and August 1978 Western Culture sessions, but was only released for the first time, as "Waking Against Sleep", on the 1990 CD re-issue of Frith's solo album, Gravity (1980).[34] It was also recorded by Curlew under the title "Time and a Half", and appeared on their album, North America (1985), which was produced by Frith.

The improvisation "RIO" and Cooper's "Half the Sky" was Henry Cow's set at the inaugural Rock in Opposition (RIO) festival that took place on 12 March 1978 at the New London Theatre. RIO was a collective of "progressive" bands that were united in their opposition to the music industry. Henry Cow initiated the movement and the other inaugural members, who also performed at the concert, were Stormy Six (Italy), Samla Mammas Manna (Sweden), Univers Zero (Belgium) and Etron Fou Leloublan (France). Dusted Magazine described Henry Cow's "RIO" improvisation at this event as "one of their most cacophonous and cataclysmic".[6]

Cooper's "Half the Sky", which had been recorded in January 1978 at Sunrise in Switzerland and was later released on Western Culture, was named for Chairman Mao's dictum "Women hold up half the sky".[34][35] "Virgins of Illinois" is another piece from the Brass Band's repertoire, and is a medley of several English folk songs that becomes a "broad dance in three".[36] Piekut noted that the recording of "Virgins of Illinois" on this disc is not the complete piece as it was performed live – it stops before the song's main tune begins.[36][37]

• Tim Hodgkinson – organ, alto saxophone, clarinet, voice (track 7)
• Fred Frith – guitar, violin, xylophone
• Lindsay Cooper – bassoon, oboe, recorder, sopranino saxophone
• Georgie Born – bass guitar, cello
• Chris Cutler – drums

• Annemarie Roelofs – trombone (tracks 4,10)
• Dave Chambers – saxophone (tracks 1,2)

• Tracks 1–4,10 are from an audience recording commonly believed to be from the Festa del PdUP (Partito di Unità Proletaria) in Monza, Italy, 9 July 1978, though this is disputed by Chris Cutler; live concert mix by E. M. Thomas;[lower-alpha 3] also 'disputable' is track 4, "The Herring People", which is believed to be an alternate mix (less reverb) of the recording "Waking Against Sleep" on the CD reissue Fred Frith's Gravity (cd ESD 1990), credited as a studio recording from the Western Culture sessions (see this talk page)
• Tracks 5–9 are from the Rock in Opposition Festival at New London Theatre, Drury Lane, London, 12 March 1978, recorded by Hasse Bruniusson of Samla Mammas Manna, live concert mix by Jack Balchin
• Track 11 was recorded on cassette from the audience at Cervia, 23 July 1978, live concert mix by E. M. Thomas

A 75-minute video of Henry Cow performing in Vevey, Switzerland in August 1976, recorded for the Swiss TV program, Kaleidospop.[11] This is the only known video recording of Henry Cow.[4][38]

The DVD features the group live outdoors on the grass and playing a set that was representative from the time. It includes Tim Hodgkinson's two "epic" compositions, "Living in the Heart of the Beast" and "Erk Gah", and two improvisations, "Vevey 1" and "Vevey 2".[2] "Beautiful As ...", followed later by "Terrible As ..." are based on "Beautiful as the Moon – Terrible as an Army with Banners" from In Praise of Learning (1975). François Couture at AllMusic described the multi-camera work on the DVD as "pretty good" and the editing "dated", but added that "seeing the band in action, both navigating through its most complex material and engaging in collective improvisation, is quite an experience."[4]

• Georgie Born – bass guitar, cello
• Lindsay Cooper – bassoon, oboe, recorder, sopranino saxophone, piccolo, piano
• Chris Cutler – drums
• Fred Frith – guitar, violin, xylophone, piano, tubular bells
• Tim Hodgkinson – organ, alto saxophone, clarinet
• Dagmar Krause – voice

• Recorded 25 August 1976, Vevey, Switzerland, concert mixed by Joel Schwartz

A limited edition[39] CD given to subscribers of the box set. The title alludes to the name of Bob Drake's band, Cabinet of Curiosities.

"Pre Virgin Demo 1/2" include fragments that were later incorporated into tracks on Legend. "Lovers of Gold" is an alternate version of "Beginning: The Long March" from In Praise of Learning that was created by Chris Cutler.[40] "The Glove" is derived from raw material recorded during the Unrest sessions.[40]

• Chris Cutler – all tracks, piano (track 10), voice (track 12)
• Fred Frith – all tracks, voice (track 12)
• Tim Hodgkinson – all tracks, voice (track 12)
• John Greaves – tracks 1–10,12, voice (track 12)
• Geoff Leigh – tracks 1,2,6, voice (track 1)
• Lindsay Cooper – tracks 3–5,7–12, voice (track 12)
• Dagmar Krause – tracks 4,8–10
• Peter Blegvad – clarinet (track 7)
• Anthony Moore – mounted and amplified tuning forks (track 7)

• Tracks 1,2 were recorded in Henry Cow's rehearsal space by Jack Balchin, probably 1972
• Tracks 3–6 were extracted from a forgotten tape from 1975 to 1977 which surfaced while this box set was being compiled[lower-alpha 3]
• Track 7 is an out-take from In Praise of Learning mixed by Tim Hodgkinson at Cold Storage in 1984; previously issued on the 1991 CD (remixed) edition of In Praise of Learning
• Tracks 8–10 were recorded at a public concert for NDR Jazz Workshop, Hamburg, 26 March 1976
• Track 11 recorded at a public concert at Sendesaal, Studio F, Radio Bremen, 22 March 1978, produced by Bernd Meier
• Track 12 is an extract from an Unrest out-take mixed by Tim Hodgkinson at Cold Storage in 1984; previously issued in full (6:35) on the 1991 CD edition of Unrest