Sakurajima radish

The Sakurajima radish or Sakurajima daikon (Japanese: 桜島大根, Sakurajima daikon) is a special cultivar of the Japanese radish named for its original place of cultivation, the former island of Sakurajima in Japan's Kagoshima Prefecture. It is the biggest radish variety in the world.[5] Its regular weight is about 6 kilograms (13 lb), although big ones can be as much as 27 kg (60 lb). It grows as large as 50 cm (20 in) in diameter.[6] It is also sometimes known in Japanese as shimadekon (しまでこん, "island daikon").

Sakurajima radish
A selection of Sakurajima radishes.
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Rosids
Order:
Brassicales
Family:
Brassicaceae
Genus:
Raphanus
Species:
sativus
Variety:
acanthiformis[2]
hortensis[3]
longipinnatus[4]
Trinomial name
Raphanus sativus var. hortensis f. gigantissimus
Synonyms

R. acanthiformis var. gigantissimus
Nakai

The three varieties are early, middle, and late, but the most commonly encountered form is the late.[7] The seeding period is from last August to first September and the harvest season is from December to February. To reach full size, special care needs to be taken with the region's volcanic-ash soil.

Names

In English, the Sakurajima radish is also sometimes known as the Sakurajima island giant radish, giant daikon, or jumbo daikon.[8]

Uses

Sakurajima radish has a fine texture and is low in fiber. It is sweeter than other varieties of Japanese radish. In Japanese cuisine, it is typically prepared by simmering to produce dishes such as furofuki daikon.[9] Kiriboshi daikon and tsukemono are popular prepared foods which also employ the radish. The large size of tsukemono, senmaizuke, is sold in souvenir shops in Kagoshima.

History

Three theories are given about its development:

  1. An origin from an original wild daikon in Sakurajima
  2. An origin from hōryō daikon in Aichi Prefecture
  3. An origin from kokubu daikon (hamanoichi daikon)

An 1804 mention of Kagoshima in reference to the giant Sakurajima radish shows it was cultured before then at least. The main production was north-west of Sakurajima, but it was moved to the north later. About 1200 farm houses had about 200 hectares (490 acres) of growing area in total in the high season. Sakurajima radish is one of the most precious local commercial crops. Also, in every harvest season, the toikae (Kagoshima dialect for "market") was held in Kajiki (now part of Aira District) and people traded Sakurajima radishes with straw. However, the main crop was shifted to satsuma (mikan) from Sakurajima radishes, because the area of Sakurajima suffered so much damage from a 1914 eruption of the nearby volcano, decreasing the growing area to about 30 hectares (74 acres) by 1955. Furthermore, its growing area was decreased to about 1.5 hectares (3.7 acres) owing to ashfall between then and 2001.

The main growing districts of now are the suburbs of Kagoshima city and Kirishima city. Because of fewer eruptions recently, the growing area has been extended.

References
  1. Huang Tseng-chieng & al. Flora of Taiwan, Vol. VI, p. 58. Epoch Publishing (Taipei), 1979. (in English) & (in Chinese)
  2. Nakai.[1]
  3. Makino.
  4. L.H. Bailey.
  5. Guinness World Records.
  6. "The New official guide: Japan". Japan: New Official Guide Book. Japan National Tourist Organization: 837. 1975. ISSN 0077-8591.
  7. Useful Plants of Japan - Described and Illustrated. READ BOOKS. 2008. p. 20. ISBN 978-1-4086-3952-8.
  8. Porcher, Michel. Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database. "Sorting Raphanus names". University of Melbourne (Melbourne), 1995 (created) & 2010 (last modified). Accessed 22 Jun 2014.
  9. "Furofukidaikon (ふろふき大根)" (in Japanese). Kikkoman.
  • 今村知子　『かごしま文庫51　鹿児島の料理』　春苑堂出版、1999年、ISBN 4-915093-58-1 (in Japanese)
  • 串間俊文　『かごしま文庫26　鹿児島の園芸植物』　春苑堂出版、1995年、ISBN 4-915093-33-6 (in Japanese)
  • 橋村健一　『かごしま文庫13　桜島大噴火』　春苑堂出版、1994年、ISBN 4-915093-19-0 (in Japanese)
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