RIOT (operating system)

RIOT is a small operating system for networked, memory-constrained systems with a focus on low-power wireless Internet of things (IoT) devices. It is open-source software, released under the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL).

RIOT
RIOT – The friendly OS for the IoT
DeveloperFree University of Berlin
French Institute for Research in Computer Science and Automation
Hamburg University of Applied Sciences
OS familyPOSIX
Working stateCurrent
Source modelOpen source
Initial release23 October 2009 (2009-10-23)
Latest release2022.04[1] / 9 May 2022 (9 May 2022)
Repository
Marketing targetEmbedded systems
Available inEnglish
PlatformsTI MSP430, ARM7, ARM Cortex-M0-M0+-M3-M4, Atmel AVR, MIPS32r2, RISC-V
Kernel typeMicrokernel real-time
LicenseLGPLv2
Preceded byFireKernel
Official websiteriot-os.org

Background

It was initially developed by Free University of Berlin (FU Berlin), French Institute for Research in Computer Science and Automation (INRIA) and the Hamburg University of Applied Sciences (HAW Hamburg). RIOT's kernel is mostly inherited from FireKernel,[2] which was originally developed for sensor networks. In 2015, one of the co-developers, Matthias Wählisch was awarded the Young Scientist Award of the Forum for Excellent Young Scientists for the contributions of his team to the open source operating system RIOT.[3]

Technical aspects

RIOT is based on a microkernel architecture.[4] In contrast to other operating systems with similarly low memory use (such as TinyOS or Contiki), RIOT allows application software programming with the programming languages C and C++, and Rust,[5] also by an experimental application programming interface (API).[6] It has full multithreading and real-time abilities.[7] Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) and successor Transport Layer Security (TLS) are supported by popular libraries such as wolfSSL.[8]

RIOT runs on processors of 8 bits (such as AVR Atmega), 16 bits (such as TI MSP430), and 32 bits (such as ARM Cortex).[9] A native port also enables RIOT to run as a Linux or macOS process, enabling use of standard developing and debugging tools such as GNU Compiler Collection (GCC), GNU Debugger, Valgrind, Wireshark, etc. RIOT is partly Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX) compliant.

RIOT provides multiple network stacks,[10] including IPv6, 6LoWPAN, or content centric networking and standard protocols such as RPL,[11] User Datagram Protocol (UDP), Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), and CoAP.

Source code

RIOT source code is available on GitHub, and developed by an international community of open source developers.

See also

References
  1. "Release Release-2022.04". 9 May 2022. Retrieved 27 May 2022.
  2. Will, Heiko; Schleiser, Kaspar; Schiller, Jochen (October 2009). "A Real-Time Kernel for Wireless Sensor Networks Employed in Rescue Scenarios". Proceedings of the IEEE 34th Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). pp. 834–841. doi:10.1109/LCN.2009.5355049. ISBN 978-1-4244-4488-5. S2CID 14806932.
  3. "Matthias Wählisch receives Young Scientist Award". 24 November 2015. Retrieved 2023-02-06.
  4. Baccelli, Emmanuel; Hahm, Oliver; Günes, Mesut; Wählisch, Matthias; Schmidt, Thomas (15 April 2013). "RIOT OS: Towards an OS for the Internet of Things". Proceedings of the 32nd IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM) (PDF). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). Retrieved 2014-05-18.
  5. Lee, Lup Yuen (2020-09-15). "Safer, Simpler Embedded Programs with Rust on RIOT" (PDF). RIOT Summit.
  6. "Rust support for RIOT". GitHub. Retrieved 2020-06-12.
  7. "Betriebssysteme für eingebettete Systeme im Internet der Dinge: Freie Fahrt für Experimentierfreudige". iX Developer Magazine, Special Issue on Embedded Software. Heise.de. 2014-02-14. Retrieved 2014-05-18.
  8. "wolfSSL Alpha examples by kaleb-himes: Pull Request #6197: RIOT-OS/RIOT". GitHub. Retrieved 2019-02-13.
  9. Gauthier, François (2014-04-09). "Avec RIOT, l'Internet des objets tient son OS temps reel open source". L'Embarqué. Retrieved 2014-05-18.
  10. Hahm, Oliver; Baccelli, Emmanuel; Petersen, Hauke; Wählisch, Matthias; Schmidt, Thomas C. (15 April 2014). "Demonstration abstract: Simply RIOT: Teaching and Experimental Research in the Internet of Things". Proceedings of the 13th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN). Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). pp. 329–330. ISBN 9781479931460. Retrieved 2014-05-18.
  11. Brandt, A.; Hui, J.; Kelsey, R.; Levis, P.; Pister, K.; Struik, R.; Vasseur, J. P.; Alexander, R. (2012-03-01). Winter, T.; Thubert, P. (eds.). "RPL: IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks". IETF Request For Comments 6550. Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). ISSN 2070-1721. Retrieved 2014-05-18.
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