R27 (New York City Subway car)

The R27 was a New York City Subway car model built by the St. Louis Car Company from 1960 to 1961 for the IND/BMT B Division. A total of 230 cars were built, arranged in married pairs. Two versions were manufactured: Westinghouse (WH)-powered cars and General Electric (GE)-powered cars.

R27
An R27 train on the former QJ service leaving Sheepshead Bay
In service1960–1990
ManufacturerSt. Louis Car Company
Replaced
Constructed1960–1961
Entered service1960
Refurbishedearly 1989 (27 cars)
Scrapped1989–1990, 2013
Number built230
Number preserved0
Number scrapped230
SuccessorR68A
FormationMarried Pairs
Fleet numbers8020–8249
Capacity56 (seated)
Operator(s)New York City Subway
Specifications
Car body constructionLAHT Carbon steel
Car length60 ft (18.29 m)
Width10 ft (3.05 m)
Height12.08 ft (3.68 m)
Platform height3.76 ft (1.15 m)
Doors8 sets of 45 inch wide side doors per car
Maximum speed55 mph (89 km/h)
Weight80,600 lb (36,560 kg)
Traction systemWestinghouse XCA248 and General Electric MCM 17KG192A
Power output100 hp (75 kW) per traction motor
Electric system(s)600 V DC Third rail
Current collector(s)Top running Contact shoe
Braking system(s)WABCO ME42B SMEE
Coupling systemWestinghouse H2C
Track gauge4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge

The first R27s entered service on November 15, 1960. In early 1989, twenty-seven R27s were rebuilt and painted in the fox red paint scheme that also appeared on the R30s, with the intention to operate these cars for several more years. The unrebuilt R27s were replaced by the R68As, with the last unrebuilt train running on May 12, 1989. Almost all overhauled R27s were retired the same year due to reliability problems and the lack of air conditioning on the cars. The R27 cars were retired in the early 1990s; none of the R27 fleet were preserved, since they were identical to the later R30/R30A fleet.

Description

The R27s were numbered 8020–8249.

The R27s were a continuation of the R16 style, except that the cars used the IRT R26-style pink hard fiberglass all-longitudinal seating instead of the mixed combination seating found on the older R16s, as well as removing the "porthole" style front windows found on the R15, R16, and R17.

The R27s were coupled together as pairs. These cars, along with their identical R30 and R30A sister cars, replaced the oldest BMT Standards (including all 50 of the trailer cars), the ME-1s purchased and transferred from the SIRT, the MS Multi-section cars, and the IRT Lo-Vs that were modified to be used on B-division shuttles. The R27s were the first cars not to use the numerical route designations used on former BMT lines; the cars ushered in letter designations for such routes (continuing where the IND designations ended). The IND routes, either then or previously in use, ran from A to HH; the BMT designations now ran from J to TT. After the merger in late 1967, many IND and BMT routes were joined together by some lines.

There were two versions of the R27: Westinghouse (WH)-powered equipped cars (8020–8135) and General Electric (GE)-powered cars (8136–8249).

History

The first train of R27s, consisting of cars 8027–8024, 8021–8020, and 8028–8029, were placed into or entered service on the QT route on November 15, 1960. The R27s were initially assigned to the QT and QB routes.[1] Once the R27s arrived in sufficient numbers, they provided most weekend service on the BMT Southern Division.

Many R27s were transferred to the BMT Eastern Division after November 1967, although they would appear in the northern and southern divisions as well as on many IND routes as well.

Overhaul

In early 1989, 24 selected GE-powered R27s and 3 WH-powered R27s were rebuilt and painted in the fox red paint scheme, similar to the 162 GE-powered R30s and other Redbird trains in the subway system, as part of the Clean Car Program.[2] The overhaul of the 27 cars cost $100,000 per car.

The 27 cars rebuilt were: 8042, 8091, 8126, 8137, 8143–8145, 8148, 8157–8159, 8166, 8171–8173, 8186–8187, 8194, 8210–8211, 8222, 8224–8225, 8236, 8241, 8248.[3] They ran on the C, but were all pulled from service and retired sometime in May 1989, due to poor reliability. Only one R27, 8027, continued service after the overhauled cars were retired. It was paired with a WH-powered R30 and continued service into 1990.

Retirement

The R27s were replaced by the R68As in 1989 and 1990 (they were indirectly replaced by rebuilt R38s and unrebuilt R30s, which started appearing on the C in late 1988). The last un-rebuilt R27 train ran on May 12, 1989, which marked an end to graffiti on subway cars since 1969.[4][5]

When removed from service in 1989–90, the cars were sent to what is now Sims Metal Management's Newark facility to be scrapped and processed. Some cars were retained as movie props, but were ultimately scrapped as well. The last R27 in existence was car 8145, which was retained as a school car until 2011. Initially held for the New York Transit Museum, it was stored at the Pitkin Yard, but towed to the 207th Street Yard in summer 2013, and finally sent to Sims Metal Management in Newark, New Jersey to be scrapped on October 22, 2013.[6] No other known examples of the R27 survive.

See also
  • R30/R30A - a very similar model also built by St. Louis Car Company.

References
  1. "First Run of the R27s". New York Division Bulletin. Electric Railroaders' Association. November 1960.
  2. "Showing Image 4549". nycsubway.org.
  3. https://erausa.org/pdf/bulletin/1980s/1989/1989-07-bulletin.pdf
  4. Hays, Constance L. (10 May 1989). "Transit Agency Says New York Subways Are Free of Graffiti". The New York Times. Retrieved 15 May 2022.
  5. Banks, Alec. "The History of Subway Graffiti in New York City". Rock The Bells. Retrieved 15 May 2022.
  6. "R27 8145 (8)". Flickr. October 22, 2013. Retrieved October 30, 2016.

Further reading
  • Sansone, Gene. Evolution of New York City subways: An illustrated history of New York City's transit cars, 1867-1997. New York Transit Museum Press, New York, 1997 ISBN 978-0-9637492-8-4
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