Nervos Network

Nervos Network is a blockchain platform[1][2] which consists of multiple blockchain layers that are designed for different functions.[3] The foundational layer is known as the Common Knowledge Base, whilst the native cryptocurrency of this layer is called CKB. This foundational layer uses a proof-of-work consensus model. Smart contracts and decentralized applications can be deployed on any layer.

Nervos Network
Logo of Nervos Network
Denominations
PluralCKBytes, CKBs
CodeCKB
Development
Original author(s)Jan Xie
Terry Tai
Kevin Wang
Daniel Lv
Cipher Wang
White paperPositioning whitepaper

Cryptoeconomics whitepaper

Common Knowledge Base whitepaper
Initial release19 November 2019 (2019-11-19) (mainnet)
Code repositoryhttps://github.com/nervosnetwork
Development statusActive
Written inRust
Developer(s)Nervos Foundation
Source modeldecentralized open-source
Licensehttps://github.com/nervosnetwork/docs-new/blob/develop/LICENSE
Ledger
Timestamping schemeProof-of-work
Block timeapprox. 10 seconds
Block explorerhttps://explorer.nervos.org/
Circulating supply42,005,522,665 CKB (as of 29 August 2023)
Website
Websitehttps://www.nervos.org/

Nervos Network was founded in 2018 by Jan Xie, Terry Tai, Kevin Wang, Daniel Lv, and Cipher Wang.

Architecture

Nervos Network utilizes multiple blockchain layers to for different functions.[3] The base layer prioritizes security and decentralization, and is optimized to verify transactions. It can settle transactions submitted from upper layers and resolves disputes. Layer 2 and above are able to favor greater throughput demands of software applications.[4][5]

Layer 1

The foundational layer of Nervos Network is known as the Common Knowledge Base. The native cryptocurrency to this layer is referred to as CKB (or CKByte). This currency also stores digital assets and executes smart contracts. One CKB represents 1 byte of storage on the blockchain.

NC MAX

Layer 1 achieves cryptographic consensus through proof of work, using a modified version of Bitcoin's Nakamoto consensus algorithm: NC-MAX. NC-MAX was presented at the Internet Society's Network and Distributed System Security (NDSS) Symposium in 2022.[6] The consensus process uses a novel hash function called "Eaglesong."[7][8]

Cell Model

The accounting method on layer 1 is an expansion of Bitcoin's UTXO model, and is dubbed the "Cell model". This model is programmable, thereby supporting smart contracts. Additionally, a cell is able to store data on-chain, such as non-fungible tokens (NFTs), compiled code, or serialized data like JSON strings.[9]

CKB-VM

The CKB virtual machine (CKB-VM) is a software-based emulated computer that executes smart contracts on Nervos Network's base layer. Like the Ethereum virtual machine, CKB is a Turing-complete development environment, but also integrates the RISC-V instruction set.[10]

Layer 2

Two layer 2 blockchainsexist on Nervos Network: Godwoken and Axon. Godwoken is a blockchain protocol that can be configured to run virtual machines or consensus models. With this framework, larger numbers of transactions are processed and are then submitted in batches to layer 1 for subsequent verification. Godwoken runs the Ethereum virtual machine (EVM), allowing developers to use of tools and software developed for Ethereum while directly interfacing with Nervos and utilizing CKB.[11] Axon is an EVM-compatible sidechain protocol optimized for higher transaction throughput.

See also

References
  1. "China's CMB International and Nervos Foundation launch $50m blockchain fund". CityAM. 20 May 2021. Retrieved 2022-09-28.
  2. "Public blockchain Nervos Network raises $72 million in token sale". Reuters. 6 November 2019. Retrieved 2022-09-28.
  3. "Crypto Startup Raises $28 Million To Combine Public And Private Blockchains For Enterprises". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-09-29.
  4. "Better Than Bitcoin? This Man Has a New Plan to Disrupt the Finance Industry". Newsweek. 2 October 2019. Retrieved 2022-09-28.
  5. Zhong, Lin; Wu, Qianhong; Xie, Jan; Li, Jin; Qin, Bo (2019-04-01). "A secure versatile light payment system based on blockchain". Future Generation Computer Systems. 93: 327–337. doi:10.1016/j.future.2018.10.012. ISSN 0167-739X. S2CID 67791755.
  6. Zhang, Ren; Zhang, Dingwei; Wang, Quake; Wu, Sichen; Xie, Jan; Preneel, Bart (2019-04-01). "NC-Max: Breaking the Security-Performance Tradeoff in Nakamoto Consensus" (PDF). Network and Distributed Systems Security (NDSS) Symposium 2022. ISBN 978-1-891562-74-7.
  7. Network, Nervos (2019-08-03). "The Proof-of-Work Function of Nervos CKB". Nervos Network. Retrieved 2022-08-17.
  8. Szepieniec, Alan; Ashur, Tomer (2020). "Eaglesong: An ARX hash with fast diffusion" (PDF). Proceedings of the Romanian Academy, Series A. 21 (1): 69–76. Retrieved 2022-10-05.
  9. "Cell Model Nervos CKB". docs.nervos.org. Retrieved 2022-08-17.
  10. "CKB-VM Nervos CKB". docs.nervos.org. Retrieved 2022-08-17.
  11. "Get Started with Godwoken - Godwoken Documentation". docs.godwoken.io. Retrieved 2022-08-08.

Further reading
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