Lithium tetrachloroaluminate

Lithium tetrachloroaluminate is an inorganic compound with the formula Li[AlCl4].[4] It consists of lithium cations Li+ and tetrahedral tetrachloroaluminate anions [AlCl4]−.

Lithium tetrachloroaluminate
Names
IUPAC name
Lithium tetrachloroaluminate
Other names
LAC
Lithium aluminium chloride
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.034.396
EC Number
  • 237-850-9
  • InChI=1S/Al.4ClH.Li/h;4*1H;/q+3;;;;;+1/p-4 checkY
    Key: AQLRWYUVWAYZFO-UHFFFAOYSA-J checkY
  • InChI=1/Al.4ClH.Li/h;4*1H;/q+3;;;;;+1/p-4/rAlCl4.Li/c2-1(3,4)5;/q-1;+1
    Key: AQLRWYUVWAYZFO-VCMAQHAHAL
  • [Li+].Cl[Al-](Cl)(Cl)Cl
Properties
Li[AlCl4]
Molar mass 175.72 g·mol−1
Appearance White hygroscopic crystalline powder[1][2]
Odor Odorless[1]
Melting point 143 °C (289 °F; 416 K) [2]
Soluble.[1] Reacts violently with water.[3][2]
Hazards
GHS labelling:
GHS05: CorrosiveGHS07: Exclamation mark
Danger
H302, H312, H314, H332
P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P312, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P312, P321, P322, P330, P363, P405, P501
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

Uses

Lithium tetrachloroaluminate is used in some lithium batteries. A solution of lithium tetrachloroaluminate in thionyl chloride is the liquid cathode and electrolyte in those baterries, e.g. the lithium-thionyl chloride cell. Another cathode-electrolyte formulation is lithium tetrachloroaluminate + thionyl chloride + sulfur dioxide + bromine.

Reactions

Reacts violently with water, alcohols and oxidizing agents. Upon exposure to heat or fire, it decomposes emitting irritating and toxic fumes and smoke of hydrogen chloride, lithium oxide and aluminium oxide.[3]

Toxicity

Upon contact with skin, causes burns. Inhalation causes coughing and corrosive injuries to the respiratory system, which can lead to pneumonia.[1][3] This compound is extremely destructive to the mucous tissues. May cause pulmonary edema and edema of the larynx, laryngitis and edema of bronchi, leading to shortness of breath. May cause damage to the eyes, headache and nausea. If swallowed, may cause damage.[3]

References
  1. "Lithium tetrachloroaluminate".
  2. "Lithium Tetrachloroaluminate".
  3. https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/HR/en/sds/aldrich/451142
  4. Perenthaler, E.; Schulz, Heinz; Rabenau, A. "Crystal structures of lithium tetrachloroaluminate and sodium tetrachloroaluminate as a function of temperature" Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie (1982), 491, 259-65. doi:10.1002/zaac.19824910133


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