Kyoho (grape)

Kyoho grapes (巨峰葡萄, Kyohō budō, lit. 'giant mountain grape'") are a fox grape (Concord-like) cross popular in East Asia. The fruits are blackish-purple, or almost black, with large seeds and juicy flesh with high sugar content and mild acidity.[1] The variety was first produced by the Japanese viniculturist Yasushi Ohinoue in the 1930s and 1940s by crossing Ishiharawase and Centennial grape varieties (Vitis vinifera × Vitis labrusca).[2][1][3] Kyoho is a tetraploid grape variety, as its breeding parents, ‘Ishiharawase’ and ‘Centennial’ are tetraploid bud sports of ‘Campbell Early’ (V. labruscana) and ‘Rosaki’ (V. vinifera), respectively.[4] Like the Concord, Kyoho is a slip-skin variety, meaning that the skin is easily separated from the fruit. The seeds are bitter and the skin is not traditionally eaten. The grape maintains some of the flavor qualities of the Concord, known to consumers from the flavor of most grape jellies and Concord grape juice.[5]

Kyoho
Grape (Vitis)
Kyoho-grape
Color of berry skin	Black
Origin	Japan
Pedigree parent 1	Ishiharawase
Pedigree parent 2	Centennia
Notable regions	Nagano, Yamanashi, Japan
Breeder	Yasushi Ōinoue
Breeding institute	Ōinoue Institute for Agronomical & Biological Science
Year of crossing	1937
Year of selection	1942
Year of protection	1955
Formation of seeds	Complete
Sex of flowers	Hermaphrodite
VIVC number	6597

Kyoho grapes were first produced in 1937 in Shizuoka Prefecture, but were not given their present name until 1946. They are popular in Japan, Taiwan, mainland China, and Korea for their size and very sweet flesh. They are traditionally served peeled as a dessert, and the juice is used in making chūhai cocktails. Areas of production include Nagano Prefecture, Yamanashi Prefecture, California's Central Valley, Changhua County in Taiwan, and Chile.

As of 2015, Kyoho was the world's most cultivated grape variety by land area (365000ha). More than 90% of these vines are in China.[1]