Kaaps

In the 17th century, Kaaps developed in South Africa's Western Cape in a multilingual context through the Dutch Colonisation.[9] In 1652 the Dutch East India Company (Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie, VOC) set up a refreshment station on the Cape, with the main purpose to replenish the supplies of food for the ships sailing between Europe and the East.[10] During this period, the region's population consisted of a range of people from different ethnic groups and cultures such as the indigenous Khoisan, Malays, West Africans and Madagascan people.[9] Many of these people were enslaved by the VOC, the Dutch East India Company and opulent Netherlanders.[9] As a form of rebellion, the people refused to speak the language of the colonists, Kaaps thus developed through Afrikaans to communicate with one another and keep their conversations private.[9]

Just as with any language, Kaaps plays an indisputable role in an individual's culture and identity, especially in the Cape Flats.[11] Kaaps and its speakers, consisting mostly of "coloured" individuals, are deemed as marginalised.[12] Under apartheid, "coloureds" were considered the “forgotten nation”, [13] but latterly more positive identity construction centres on concepts of creolisation and "Khoisan" indigeneity. In hegemonic discourse, only one of two perspectives is taken into account when discussing political topics such as class, race, and culture within a South African context: either that of the "over-privileged White" or that of the "underprivileged Black."[14] Despite "coloured" and "black" individuals sharing similar oppression, inequality and poverty of the South African apartheid, the "coloured" community remains an overlooked social group.[12]

The first Dictionary in Kaaps was published in Cape Town, South Africa in 2021. This dictionary is trilingual and contains Kaaps, Afrikaans and English.[18] The Trilingual Dictionary of Kaaps was launched through a collective effort by academic and community stakeholders; the Centre for Multilingualism and Diversities research at the University of the Western Cape in partnership with an NGO Heal the Hood Project.[18][8] This project was funded by the Center for Race, Ethnicity and Language at Stanford University, along with Western Cape Department of Cultural Affairs and Sport.[5][18] The Trilingual Dictionary of Kaaps has four goals: to increase awareness and knowledge on the history and roots of Kaaps, to contribute to debates around unifying the writing systems of Kaaps, to document the use of Kaaps on different platforms and lastly, to describe the lived linguistic experiences of Kaaps speakers.[18]

Today Kaaps is a marginalized language as it was perceived as a colloquial version of standard Afrikaans during the Apartheid era in South Africa, a perception that persists in democratic South Africa.[19] Afrikaans was appropriated by white colonialists and standard, Afrikaans was established and developed as a form of resistance against hegemonic English. Furthermore, it was developed to create a collective racial identity of ordinary "white" Afrikaner people thereby separating them from the working-class, Kaaps-speaking "coloured" community.[5][19] Kaaps is viewed as a subpar, impure or mixed language; consisting of mainly Afrikaans and English languages thrown together. This influenced how the social identities of "coloured" people are viewed, implying that "Black" and "White" identities are pure and bounded while "Coloured" identities were not.[5][16] The speakers of Kaaps are often linked to a low social-order, comicality, stupidity and a despised language variety.

Given that a major element in the identity of Kaaps speakers is some degree of heritage from indigenous people of the Cape, there is a proposal to create a Kaaps edition of Wikipedia. The infrastructure is already provided by the Wikimedia Foundation; what is needed is for a small number of volunteer editors to become and remain active in the incubator stage for six months, then the document will be made publicly visible.