Jiangsu tornado

On the afternoon of June 23, 2016, a severe thunderstorm produced a large, violent tornado over Jiangsu province, China. Striking areas northeast of Yancheng around 2:30 p.m. local time, the tornado killed 98 people and injured 846 others (152 critically). The China Meteorological Administration later ranked the tornado as an EF4 on the Enhanced Fujita scale. Another tornado spawned by the same supercell killed one person in the Sheyang area.[1]

Jiangsu tornado
Visible satellite imagery of the thunderstorm complex over eastern China at 1:25 p.m. local time (05:25 UTC)—roughly an hour before the tornado struck Jiangsu
Meteorological history
Formed23 June 2016 ≈ 2:30 p.m. (UTC+8:00)
EF4 tornado
on the Enhanced Fujita scale
Highest winds267–322 km/h (166–200 mph)
Overall effects
Fatalities98
Injuries846
Damage$760 million (2016 USD)
Areas affectedJiangsu (Funing and Sheyang Counties)
Part of the tornado outbreaks of 2016

Background

During the late spring and early summer, a semi-permanent frontal boundary—called the meiyu front—emerges across eastern China, Taiwan, and Japan. This feature leads to prolonged periods of heavy rain and thunderstorms which frequently cause damage. Rainfall along this boundary tends to be particularly heavy in post-El Niño summers, such as the summer of 2016. On June 23, 2016, a band of intense thunderstorms roughly 970 km (600 mi) across developed along the meiyu front in eastern China. One particular storm complex over Jiangsu Province spanned 400 to 480 km (250 to 300 mi) and produced a tornado near Yancheng around 2:30 p.m. local time (0630 UTC).[2] The tornado was accompanied by a hailstorm.[3] Damage analysis found damage consistent with EF4 intensity, and the China Meteorological Administration rated the tornado as an EF4, with maximum sustained winds greater than 240 feet per second, or 165 mph (266 km/h).[4]

Impact
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The enormous, violent wedge-shaped tornado carved a wide path of destruction through the Funing area of Yancheng in Jiangsu province, at one point reaching a peak width of 4.1 km wide (2.5 miles). The tornado first touched down in the village of Banhuzen, and then left behind catastrophic damage as it impacted areas in and around the villages of Laowangcun, Jiqiaocun, Dalaocun, Xuejiagang, Beichencun, and Lixingqiao, all located west of or along the southern fringes of downtown Funing. East of Funing, the tornado caused damage in the village of Wutanzhen before dissipating.[5] Thousands of well-built masonry-construction homes were heavily damaged or destroyed along the path, with many completely leveled. Manufacturing plants, businesses, and rice mills suffered from similar destruction, and multiple large factory buildings were severely damaged at a Canadian Solar plant. Two large school buildings were heavily damaged as well, and multiple large, multi-ton metal shipping containers were lofted and thrown hundreds of yards by the tornado.[6] Structural debris was scattered long distances throughout the damage path, many vehicles were tossed hundreds of yards and mangled; trees were completely denuded and debarked; and numerous metal power line pylons and truss towers were bent and crumpled to the ground.[7] Wind speeds of up to 125 kilometers per hour (78 mph) were measured at a weather station in Funing as the tornado passed near the area.[5] First responders reported bodies strewn across devastated communities.[8] Damages were calculated at nearly CN¥5 billion (US$760 million).[9]

As the supercell continued past Funing, it produced another tornado of unknown intensity that destroyed several buildings and killed one person in the Sheyang area.[10]

Response

A total of 99 people were killed by the two tornadoes, and 846 others were injured,[11][12] including 152 in critical condition.[5] China's news service, Xinhua, called the event one of the deadliest disasters to hit Jiangsu in decades,[13] and the deadliest tornado to hit China in half a century.[14] Communist Party General Secretary Xi Jinping and Premier Li Keqiang requested "all-out rescue efforts" to aid victims and survivors.[5] Hundreds of residents were left trapped in rubble.[13] The event was declared a national-level disaster.[8] Disaster response teams were deployed from Beijing that evening, providing 1,000 tents, 2,000 beds, and floodlights.[3]

Confirmed tornadoes
Confirmed tornadoes by Enhanced Fujita rating
EFU EF0 EF1 EF2 EF3 EF4 EF5 Total
1 0 0 0 0 1 0 2
List of confirmed tornadoes – Thursday, June 23, 2016[note 1]
EF# Location County / Parish State Start Coord. Time (UTC) Path length Max width Summary
EF4 Banhuzen to E of Funing Funing, Sheyang Jiangsu N/A 14:14–14:50 21.96 mi (35.34 km) 4,400 yd (4,000 m) 98 deaths – See above section on this tornado – 846 people were injured.[15][16]
EFU Sheyang Sheyang Jiangsu N/A 15:10–15:30 N/A N/A 1 death – Another tornado was spawned from the same supercell about twenty minutes after the first tornado, destroying several structures.[16]

See also
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 2016 Jiangsu tornado.

Notes
  1. All dates are based on the local time zone where the tornado touched down; however, all times are in Coordinated Universal Time for consistency.

References
  1. Li, Jingyuan; F. Ping; S. Zhou; X. Shen (2019). "Numerical simulation of a strong tornado in eastern China with different microphysical schemes". Atmos. Sci. Lett. 20 (2): e875. Bibcode:2019AtScL..20E.875L. doi:10.1002/asl.875.
  2. Bob Henson (June 23, 2016). "At Least 78 Deaths in China Tornado; Midwest Dodges Major Damage". Weather Underground. Retrieved June 23, 2016.
  3. Steven Jiang (June 23, 2016). "Severe weather, including rare tornado, kills at least 78 in China". CNN. Retrieved June 23, 2016.
  4. "Death toll from tornado in China rises to 99". World Bulletin. Retrieved 27 June 2016.
  5. "China weather: Tornado and hail kill scores in Jiangsu". BBC. June 23, 2016. Retrieved June 23, 2016.
  6. Javier C. Hernández (June 23, 2016). "Tornado Kills at Least 78 in Eastern China". The New York Times. Retrieved June 23, 2016.
  7. Meng, Zhiyong (June 2018). "The Deadliest Tornado (EF4) in the Past 40 Years in China" (PDF). twister.caps.ou.edu/. Oklahoma University. Retrieved April 27, 2021.
  8. Melanie Eversley (June 23, 2016). "Powerful tornado strikes China; At least 78 reportedly dead". USA Today. Retrieved June 23, 2016.
  9. "盐城"6·23"特大龙卷风灾后重建：一切让老百姓说了算" (in Chinese). Yangtse Evening Post. June 23, 2017. Retrieved June 23, 2017.
  10. Meng, Zhiyong (June 2018). "The Deadliest Tornado (EF4) in the Past 40 Years in China" (PDF). twister.caps.ou.edu/. Oklahoma University. Retrieved April 27, 2021.
  11. "江苏盐城龙卷风冰雹已造成98人死800人伤" (in Chinese). Sina Corp. June 24, 2016. Retrieved June 24, 2016.
  12. Kalra, Shivika. "99 killed, 846 injured in China tornado and hailstorm". India Today. Retrieved June 26, 2016.
  13. Merrit Kennedy (June 23, 2016). "Photos: 78 People Dead After Powerful Tornado Slams Into Eastern China". NPR. Retrieved June 23, 2016.
  14. "China mounts rescue efforts as tornado toll hits 98". Bangkok Post. AFP. Retrieved 24 June 2016.
  15. "Figure 1. Location and pathway of the Funing tornado, 23 June 2016. (A)".
  16. http://twister.caps.ou.edu/papers/MengEtal_WAF2018.pdf
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