Hagfa Pinyim

Hagfa Pinyim (literally "Hakka Pinyin") is a system of romanization used to transcribe Chinese characters as used in Hakka into Latin script. Hagfa Pinyim was developed by Lau Chun-fat (Chinese: 劉鎮發) for use in his Hakka Pinyin Dictionary (Chinese: 客語拼音字彙, literally "Hakka Pinyin Vocabulary") that was published in 1997. The romanization system is named after the Pinyin system used for Mandarin Chinese and is designed to resemble Pinyin.

Writing system

Hagfa Pinyim uses the Latin alphabet and numbers to indicate tones.[1] A single hyphen is used to represent a compound. The vowels listed are conventional forms, however irregular forms may occur.

Consonants

Hagfa Pinyim	Extended bopomofo	IPA	Examples
b	ㄅ	p	bag5 伯
p	ㄆ	pʰ	pag6 白
d	ㄉ	t	du3 肚
t	ㄊ	tʰ	tai4 大
g	ㄍ	k	ga1 家
k	ㄎ	kʰ	kiung4 共
z	ㄗ	ts	zo4 做
c	ㄘ	tsʰ	ca1 車
s	ㄙ	s	se4 細
j	ㄐ	tɕ	ji1 知
q	ㄑ	tɕʰ	qi2 徐
x	ㄒ	ɕ	xi4 四
l	ㄌ	l	li1 鯉
m	ㄇ	m	mi3 美
n	ㄋ	n	nai2 泥
ng	ㄫ	ŋ	ngiu2 牛
f	ㄈ	f	fi1 飛
v	ㄪ	v/ʋ	vun2 文
h	ㄏ	h	heu4 後

Semivowel

Hagfa Pinyim	Extended bopomofo	IPA	Examples
y	ㄧ	j	yi1 羽

Vowels

Hagfa Pinyim	Extended bopomofo	IPA
a	ㄚ	a
i	ㄧ	i
u	ㄨ	u
e	ㄝ	e
o	ㄛ	o
i	ㆨ	ɨ
-b	ㆴ	p
-d	ㆵ	t
-g	ㆶ	k

Tones

Tone number	Chinese tone name	Meixian	Huiyang	Hong Kong[2]	Sixian	Hailu	Examples
1	yinping (dark even)	44	44	33	24	53	fon1 歡
2	yangping (light even)	11	11	11	11	55	teu2 頭
3	yinshang (dark rising)	31	31	31	31	24	hi3 喜
3	yangshang (light rising) (merged with yinshang)	31	31	31	31	24	hi3 喜
4	yinqu (dark departing)	52	53	53	55	11	mian4 面
4	yangqu (light departing)	—	—	—	—	33
5	yinru (dark entering)	1	1	32	2	5	zug5 粥
6	yangru (light entering)	5	5	5	5	2	sid6 食

All words are written in their original tones instead of tones with tone sandhi.

References

"Hakka Phoneticisation". Dylan W.H. Sung. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
Lau, Chun-fat (2000). A Comparison of "Old-Style" and "New-Style" of the General Hakka Accent as spoken by the "Indigenous Inhabitants" of Hong Kong (PhD thesis). Hong Kong Polytechnic University.

Lau, Chun-fat (1997). Hakka Pinyin Dictionary (Chinese). Hong Kong, 1997: The Chinese University Press. ISBN 962-201-750-9.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)

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[pinyim-phonetic-1] "Hakka Phoneticisation". Dylan W.H. Sung. Retrieved 27 January 2013.

[HKHK-2] Lau, Chun-fat (2000). A Comparison of "Old-Style" and "New-Style" of the General Hakka Accent as spoken by the "Indigenous Inhabitants" of Hong Kong (PhD thesis). Hong Kong Polytechnic University.