Ganjam district

Ganjam district is a district in the Indian state of Odisha. Ganjam's total area is 8,206 km² (3,168 mi²). The district headquarters is Chhatrapur. Ganjam is divided into three sub-divisions Chhatrapur, Berhampur, and Bhanjanagar. The Imperial Gazetteer of India 1908 lists Ganjam, along with the Thanjavur and South Canara districts, as the three districts of the Madras Presidency where Brahmins were most numerous. As of 2011 it is the most populous district of Odisha (out of 30).[2]

This article is about the district. For its eponymous city, see Ganjam.
Ganjam district
District of Odisha
Clockwise from top-left: Rushikulya River, Taratarini Temple, Street in Berhampur, Beach at Gopalpur, Sundareshwar Temple in Sunathar
Location in Odisha
Location in Odisha
Coordinates: 19.383°N 85.05°E / 19.383; 85.05
Country India
State Odisha
EstablishedMarch 31, 1936 (1936-03-31)
HeadquartersChhatrapur
Government
 • Collector & District MagistrateDibya Jyoti Parida, IAS[1]
Area
 • Total8,206 km2 (3,168 sq mi)
Population
 (2023)[2]
 • Total4,905,354
 • Rank1st
 • Density600/km2 (1,500/sq mi)
DemonymGanjami
Languages
 • OfficialOdia
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
761 xxx / 760 xxx
Vehicle registrationOD-07(for Ganjam)
OD-32 (for Bhanjanagar)
Nearest cityBrahmapur
Sex ratio0.981 ♂/♀
Literacy83.86%
Lok Sabha constituencyBerhampur
Aska
Kandhamal (part)
Vidhan Sabha constituency13
 
Precipitation1,295.6 millimetres (51.01 in)
Websiteganjam.nic.in
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History

Ganjam was a part of ancient Dakshina Kalinga.[3] The Mauryan emperor Ashoka inscribed his message at Jaugada near the banks of the Rushikulya, in the present-day Ganjam district. Scholars thus conclude that a significant part of Ganjam was under the rule of Ashoka. There are multiple theories regarding the name 'Ganjam'. During the 7th century, the region was known as Kangoda or Kongoda. Some scholars believe the word evolved from this ancient name while others suggest the name of the region likely derives from the Persian word "Ganj", meaning 'granary' or 'market' thus signifying the importance of historical ports and being the respective center of trade and commerce.[4][5]

Ganjam district is one of the oldest administrative units of Odisha. It was part of Madras presidency during British rule.[6]

Administrative setup

The 23 Tahasils in Ganjam district under three sub-divisions[7] are listed in the following table.

23 Tahasils[8]
#Chhatrapur Sub-DivisionBerhampur Sub-DivisionBhanjanagar Sub-Division
1ChhatrapurBerhampurBhanjanagar
2GanjamKonisiAska
3KhallikoteKukudakhandiSheragada
4PurushottampurPatrapurDharakot
5HinjilicutChikitiSurada
6KabisuryanagarDigapahandiBellaguntha
7PolasaraSanakhemundiJagannathprasad
8KodalaBuguda

The 22 Blocks in Ganjam district under three sub-divisions are listed in the following table.[9]

22 Blocks
#Chhatrapur Sub-DivisionBerhampur Sub-DivisionBhanjanagar Sub-Division
1ChhatrapurRangeilundaBhanjanagar
2GanjamKukudakhandiAska
3KhallikotePatrapurSheragada
4PurushottampurChikitiDharakot
5HinjilicutDigapahandiSurada
6KabisuryanagarSanakhemundiBellaguntha
7PolasaraJagannathprasad
8BeguniapadaBuguda

There are 39 Police Stations under the two Police Districts in Ganjam Administrative district are listed in the following table.

39 Police Stations
Ganjam Police DistrictBerhampur Police District
1Chhatrapur P.S.Berhampur Town P.S., Berhampur
2Chamakhandi P.S.Baidyanathpur P.S., Berhampur
3Ganjam P.S.Bada Bazar P.S., Berhampur
4Rambha P.S.Gosaninuagaon P.S., Berhampur
5Khallikote P.S.Mahila P.S., Berhampur
6Marine P.S., ArjyapalliSadar P.S., Berhampur
7Energy P.S., ChhatrapurGopalpur P.S.
8Purushottampur P.S.Golanthara P.S.
9Kabisuryanagar P.S.K. Nuagaon P.S.
10Kodala P.S.Jarada P.S.
11Polasara P.S.Digapahandi P.S.
12Aska P.S.Energy P.S., Berhampur
13Hinjili P.S.Cyber P.S., Berhampur
14Pattapur P.S.Traffic P.S., Berhampur
15Surada P.S.
16Badagada P.S.
17Sheragada P.S.
18Dharakote P.S.
19Bhanjanagar P.S.
20Gangapur P.S.
21Buguda P.S.
22Jagannathprasad P.S.
23Tarasingi P.S.
24Bellaguntha P.S.
25Energy P.S., Bhanjanagar

Economy

An important contributor to the local economy is production of extracts from Ganjam Kewda Rooh, which are used in perfumery.

Since Ganjam is a coastal district, it is well equipped with Port facilities. Port at Gopalpur and nearby industries cater economic activities of the district and Odisha state.[10]

Demographics
Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1901957,123—    
19111,064,172+1.07%
19211,029,623−0.33%
19311,165,908+1.25%
19411,308,056+1.16%
19511,361,831+0.40%
19611,587,461+1.54%
19711,944,844+2.05%
19812,267,628+1.55%
19912,704,056+1.78%
20013,160,635+1.57%
20113,529,031+1.11%
source:[11]
Religions in Ganjam district (2011)[12]
Religion Percent
Hinduism
 
 98.78%
Christianity
 
 0.68%
Other or not stated
 
 0.54%

According to the 2011 census Ganjam district has a population of 3,529,031,[2] roughly equal to the nation of Lithuania[13] or the US state of Connecticut.[14] This gives it a ranking of 83rd in India (out of a total of 640).[2] The district has a population density of 430 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,100/sq mi).[2] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 11.37%.[2] Ganjam has a sex ratio of 983 females for every 1000 males,[2] and a literacy rate of 71.88%. 21.76% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 19.50% and 3.37% of the population respectively.[2]

Languages of Ganjam district (2011)[15]

  Odia (91.29%)
  Telugu (7.17%)
  Sora (0.42%)
  Kui (0.44%)
  Others (0.68%)

At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 91.29% of the population in the district spoke Odia, 7.17% Telugu, 0.44% Kui and 0.42% Sora as their first language.[15]

Politics

Vidhan Sabha constituencies
Main article: List of constituencies of Odisha Vidhan Sabha

The following is the Vidhan Sabha constituencies[16][17] of Ganjam and the elected members[18] of the area

No. Constituency Reservation Extent of the Assembly Constituency (Blocks) Member of 16th Assembly Party
123 Bhanjanagar None Bhanjanagar (NAC), Bhanjanagar, Jagannathprasad Bikram Keshari Arukha BJD
124 Polasara None Buguda (NAC), Polasara (NAC), Buguda, Polasara Srikanta Sahu BJD
125 Kabisuryanagar None Kabisuryanagar (NAC), Kodala (NAC), Beguniapada, Kabisuryanagar (part), Purusottampur (part) Smt. Latika Pradhan BJD
126 Khalikote SC Khalikote(NAC), Purusottampur (NAC), Khalikote, Purusottampur (part) Smt. Suryamani Baidya BJD
127 Chhatrapur SC Chhatrapur (NAC), Ganjam (NAC), Rambha (NAC), Ganjam, Chhatrapur Subash Chandra Pradhan BJD
128 Aska None Aska (NAC), Aska, Kabisuryanagar (part) Smt. Manjula Swain BJD
129 Surada None Surada (NAC), Bellaguntha (NAC), Surada, Bellaguntha, Purna Chandra Swain BJD
130 Sanakhemundi None Sanakhemundi, Dharakote Ramesh Chandra Jena INC
131 Hinjili None Hinjilicut (Municipality), Hinjilicut, Hinjili Sheragada Naveen Patnaik BJD
132 Gopalpur None Gopalpur (NAC), Rangailunda, Kukudakhandi (part), Berhampur (M) (part) Pradeep Kumar Panigrahy BJD
133 Berhampur None Berhampur (Municipal Corporation) (Part), Bikram Kumar Panda BJD
134 Digapahandi None Digapahandi (NAC), Digapahandi, Kukudakhandi (Part) Surjya Narayana Patro BJD
135 Chikiti None Chikiti (NAC), Chikiti Block, Patrapur Block Smt. Usha Devi BJD

Lok Sabha constituencies

Since 2008, Ganjam district is represented in Berhampur (Lok Sabha constituency) and Aska (Lok Sabha constituency).

Berhampur seat earlier Ganjam (Lok Sabha constituency) exist in 1952 and 1957 general elections as two seat constituency and Chatarpur (Lok Sabha constituency) exist in 1962, 1967 and 1971 general elections and later Berhanpur seat exist since 1977 general elections.

Aska seat exist since 1977 general elections and earlier as Bhanjanagar (Lok Sabha constituency) seat in 1962, 1967 and 1971 general elections [19]

People from Ganjam district

References
  1. "Odisha: 11 districts get new collectors; new commissioners in three municipal corporations | Bhubaneswar News - Times of India". The Times of India.
  2. "District Census Handbook 2011 - Ganjam" (PDF). Census of India. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  3. Chakraborty, Yogabrata (28 June 2023). "পুরীধাম ও জগন্নাথদেবের ব্রহ্মরূপ বৃত্তান্ত" [Puridham and the tale of lord Jagannath's legendary 'Bramharup']. dainikstatesmannews.com (in Bengali). Kolkata: Dainik Statesman (The Statesman Group). p. 4. Archived from the original on 28 June 2023. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
  4. ODISHA DISTRICT GAZETTEERS GANJAM (PDF), GAD, Govt of Odisha, 1991, p. 1
  5. Panda, Dr. Sanjay Kumar (2014). Chiktira Sahitya O Sahityika [Chikiti's literature & litterateurs] (in Odia). Bhubaneswar: Sahitya Swetapadma. pp. 15–16. ISBN 978-93-80759-65-4.
  6. Maltby, T.J.; Leman, G.D. (1882). The Ganjam District Manual (in Indonesian). W.H. Moore, Lawrence Asylum Press. Retrieved 2019-07-11.
  7. "Subdivision | District Ganjam, Government of Odisha | India".
  8. "Tehsil List | District Ganjam, Government of Odisha | India".
  9. "Block List | District Ganjam, Government of Odisha | India".
  10. "Gopalpur Port". Gopalpurports.in. 2015-12-12. Retrieved 2022-03-19.
  11. Decadal Variation In Population Since 1901
  12. "Table C-01 Population by Religious Community: Odisha". Census of India, 2011. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  13. US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison:Population". Archived from the original on June 13, 2007. Retrieved 2011-10-01. Lithuania 3,535,547 July 2011 est.
  14. "2010 Resident Population Data". U. S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2011-01-01. Retrieved 2011-09-30. Connecticut 3,574,097
  15. "Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Odisha". Census of India 2011. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  16. Assembly Constituencies and their EXtent
  17. Seats of Odisha
  18. "List of Member in Fourteenth Assembly". ws.ori.nic.in. Archived from the original on 2 May 2007. Retrieved 19 February 2013. MEMBER NAME
  19. "All Members of Lok Sabha (Since 1952) Members Biographical Sketches". Retrieved 21 December 2017.
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