Demographics of Prince Edward Island

Demographics of the province of Prince Edward Island, Canada. According to the 2011 National Household Survey, the largest ethnic group consists of people of Scottish descent (39.2%), followed by English (31.1%), Irish (30.4%), French (21.1%), German (5.2%), and Dutch (3.1%) descent. Prince Edward Island is mostly a white community and there are few visible minorities. Chinese people are the largest visible minority group of Prince Edward Island, comprising 1.3% of the province's population. Almost half of respondents identified their ethnicity as "Canadian." Prince Edward Island is by a strong margin the most Celtic and specifically the most Scottish province in Canada and perhaps the most Scottish place (ethnically) in the world, outside Scotland. 38% of islanders claim Scottish ancestry, but this is an underestimate and it is thought that almost 50% of islanders have Scottish roots. When combined with Irish and Welsh, almost 80% of islanders are of some Celtic stock, albeit most families have resided in PEI for at least two centuries. Few places outside Europe can claim such a homogeneous Celtic ethnic background. The only other jurisdiction in North America with such a high percentage of British Isles heritage is Newfoundland.

Demographics of Canada's provinces and territories
Canada Prince Edward Island Density 2016

Population history
Population of Prince Edward Island since 1851
Year Population Mean annual
 % change		 Five Year
 % change		 Ten Year
 % change		 Rank Among
Provinces
185062,678n/an/an/a5
186180,8572.6n/a29.05
187194,0211.5n/a16.35
1881108,8911.5n/a15.85
1891109,0780.017n/a0.26
1901103,259−0.55n/a-5.37
191193,728−0.96n/a-9.29
192188,615−0.56n/a-5.49
193188,038−0.065n/a-0.79
194195,0470.77n/a8.09
195198,4290.35n/a3.610
195699,2850.170.9n/a10
1961104,6291.15.46.310
1966108,5350.743.79.310
1971111,6350.562.96.710
1976118,2251.25.98.910
1981122,5060.73.69.710
1986126,6400.673.47.110
1991129,7650.492.55.910
1996134,5570.733.76.310
2001135,2940.110.54.210
2006138,5810.472.42.910
2011140,2040.251.23.610
2016142,907n/a1.93.110
2021154,331n/an/an/an/a
Source: Statistics Canada[1][2]

Population geography

Census Metropolitan Areas
City 2016 2011 2006 Land Area km2 Density /km2
Charlottetown69,32565,52359,325917.4775.6
Summerside16,58716,48816,15392.43179.5

Cities and towns

All statistics according to Canada 2016 Census, unless otherwise specified

TownPopulationPopulation (2011)Population RankingLand Area km2Area RankingDensity /km2Density Ranking
Alberton1,1451,13574.526253.58
Borden-Carleton724750912.99555.710
Charlottetown36,09434,562144.341814.11
Cornwall5,3485,162428.193189.79
Georgetown555675101.5910348.16
Kensington1,6191,51363.019537.83
Montague1,9611,89553.168620.82
Souris1,0531,17383.477303.77
Stratford9,7068,574322.534430.85
Summerside14,82914,751228.492520.54

Ethnic origins
Ethnic origins in Canada, 2021.
Dominant self-identified ethnic origin of the population of Prince Edward Island
Ethnic Origin Population Percent
Canadian 60,000 44.98%
Scottish 50,700 38.01%
English 38,330 28.74%
Irish 37,170 27.87%
French 28,410 21.30%
German 5,400 4.05%
Dutch (Netherlands) 4,130 3.10%
Acadian 3,020 2.26%
North American Indian 2,360 1.77%
Welsh 1,440 1.08%
American (USA) 640
Polish 615
Italian 605
Lebanese 525
Danish 420
Norwegian 325
Ukrainian 320
Swedish 315
Belgian 240
Métis 245
Chinese 225
Hungarian (Magyar) 225
British, not included elsewhere 210
Spanish 175
Jewish 165
Russian 160
Swiss 145
Finnish 135
Inuit 120
Information taken from the Canada 2001 Census..[3]
* These percentages sum to more than 100% due to dual responses (e.g. "French-Canadian" generating an entry in both "French" and "Canadian" categories.) Groups with greater than 1,000 responses are included.

Visible minorities and Indigenous peoples
Visible minority and Indigenous population (Canada 2021 Census)[4]
Population groupPopulation %
European[lower-alpha 1]132,79088.2%
Visible minority group
South Asian3,7352.5%
Chinese3,3352.2%
Black1,8151.2%
Filipino1,7601.2%
Arab1,1250.7%
Latin American5850.4%
Southeast Asian1,0400.7%
West Asian2950.2%
Korean1200.1%
Japanese1900.1%
Visible minority, n.i.e.1250.1%
Multiple visible minorities1700.1%
Total visible minority population14,3109.5%
Indigenous group
First Nations (North American Indian)2,1651.4%
Métis8450.6%
Inuk (Inuit)1800.1%
Multiple Indigenous responses300.0%
Indigenous responses n.i.e.1650.1%
Total Indigenous population3,3852.2%
Total population150,485100.0%

Languages

Knowledge of languages
Knowledge of official languages of Canada in Prince Edward Island (2016)
Language Percent
English only
 
 86.38%
French only
 
 0.08%
English and French
 
 12.65%
Neither English nor French
 
 0.89%

The question on knowledge of languages allows for multiple responses. The following figures are from the 2021 Canadian Census and the 2016 Canadian Census, and lists languages that were selected by at least 0.5 per cent of respondents.

Knowledge of Languages in Prince Edward Island
Language 2021[5] 2016
Pop. % Pop. %
English 149,525 99.36% 138,735 99.32%
French 19,445 12.92% 17,875 12.8%
Mandarin 2,940 1.95% 2,105 1.51%
Hindi 1,660 1.1% 165 0.12%
Tagalog 1,630 1.08% 615 0.44%
Punjabi 1,550 1.03% 185 0.13%
Spanish 1,425 0.95% 945 0.68%
Arabic 1,165 0.77% 650 0.47%
German 1,040 0.69% 570 0.41%
Vietnamese 785 0.52% 55 0.04%

Mother tongue
Mother tongue in Prince Edward Island (red: English, blue: French). The only part of the province to have a Francophone majority is the so-called Evangeline Region.

The 2006 Canadian census showed a population of 135,851. Of the 133,570 singular responses to the question concerning mother tongue the most commonly reported languages were:

Place Language Population Percentage
1 English 125,260 93.78%
2 French 5,345 4.00%
3 Dutch 865 0.65%
4 German 275 0.21%
5 Spanish 220 0.16%
6 Chinese languages 190 0.14%
Mandarin 45 0.03%
Cantonese 15 0.01%
7 Arabic 150 0.11%
8 Hungarian 120 0.09%
9 Algonquian languages 95 0.07%
Mi'kmaq 90 0.07%
10 Serbo-Croatian languages 85 0.07%
Serbian 35 0.03%
Croatian 20 0.01%
Bosnian 15 0.01%
Serbo-Croatian 15 0.01%
11 Japanese 80 0.06%
12 Bantu languages 70 0.05%
12 Polish 70 0.05%
14 Korean 65 0.05%
14 Scandinavian languages 65 0.05%
Danish 40 0.03%
Swedish 15 0.01%
Icelandic 10 0.01%
16 Frisian 55 0.04%
16 Italian 55 0.04%
18 Flemish 40 0.03%
18 Hindi 40 0.03%
20 Creole 35 0.03%
20 Urdu 35 0.03%

There were also 30 single-language responses for Greek and Niger-Congo languages n.i.e.; 25 for Russian; 20 for Ukrainian; 15 for Finnish, Germanic languages n.i.e., Inuktitut, Maltese, Persian and Tagalog; and 10 for Czech, Estonian, Portuguese, Slovenian, Turkish and Vietnamese. In addition, there were also 105 responses of English and a non-official language; 25 of French and a non-official language; 495 of English and French; and 10 of English, French, and a non-official language. (Figures shown are for the number of single language responses and the percentage of total single-language responses.)[6]

Religion
Religious groups in Prince Edward Island (1981−2021)
Religious group 2021[7] 2011[8] 2001[9] 1991[10] 1981[11]
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
Christianity 101,755 67.62% 115,620 84.16% 123,805 92.82% 122,750 95.82% 117,675 97.07%
Irreligion 42,830 28.46% 19,820 14.43% 8,945 6.71% 4,880 3.81% 3,240 2.67%
Islam 1,720 1.14% 660 0.48% 195 0.15% 60 0.05% 70 0.06%
Hinduism 1,245 0.83% 205 0.15% 30 0.02% 25 0.02% 75 0.06%
Sikhism 1,165 0.77% 10 0.01% 0 0% 65 0.05% 0 0%
Buddhism 755 0.5% 560 0.41% 135 0.1% 60 0.05% 50 0.04%
Judaism 165 0.11% 100 0.07% 55 0.04% 85 0.07% 80 0.07%
Indigenous spirituality 75 0.05% 55 0.04% — — — — — —
Other 765 0.51% 350 0.25% 210 0.16% 185 0.12% 30 0.02%
Total responses 150,480 97.5% 137,375 97.98% 133,385 98.59% 128,100 98.72% 121,225 98.95%
Total population 154,331 100% 140,204 100% 135,294 100% 129,765 100% 122,506 100%

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Charlottetown comprises the entire Island and is the second oldest English diocese in Canada. The Archdiocese of Kingston is the oldest.

Migration

Immigration
Prince Edward Island Immigration Statistics[12]: 239 [13]: 108 
Year Immigrant percentage Immigrant population Total population
1881 8.7% 9,494 108,891
1891 5.9% 6,398 109,078
1901 4.1% 4,253 103,259
1911 2.7% 2,574 93,728
1921 2.7% 2,365 88,815
1931 3.2% 2,787 88,038
1941 2.6% 2,439 95,047
1951 2.6% 2,571 98,429
1961 2.9% 2,992 104,629
1971 3.3% 3,705 111,640

The 2021 census reported that immigrants (individuals born outside Canada) comprise 11,765 persons or 7.8 percent of the total population of Prince Edward Island.[14]

Immigrants in Prince Edward Island by country of birth
Country of Birth 2021[15][14] 2016[16] 2011[17][18] 2006[19][20] 2001[21][22]
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
 China 1,675 14.2% 1,830 20.5% 1,490 21% 60 1.3% 90 2.2%
 United Kingdom 1,385 11.8% 1,375 15.4% 1,260 17.8% 1,165 24.4% 1,050 25.4%
 United States of America 1,175 10% 1,205 13.5% 1,330 18.8% 1,255 26.3% 1,310 31.6%
 Philippines 1,010 8.6% 480 5.4% 50 0.7% 20 0.4% 25 0.6%
 India 840 7.1% 225 2.5% 85 1.2% 55 1.2% 30 0.7%
 Vietnam 525 4.5% 55 0.6% 70 1% 15 0.3% 15 0.4%
 Netherlands 430 3.7% 470 5.3% 450 6.4% 495 10.4% 415 10%
 Syria 400 3.4% 205 2.3% 50 0.7% 40 0.8% 10 0.2%
 Germany 185 1.6% 255 2.9% 195 2.8% 225 4.7% 155 3.7%
 Iran 185 1.6% 230 2.6% 305 4.3% 15 0.3% 15 0.4%
Total 11,765 100% 8,940 100% 7,085 100% 4,780 100% 4,140 100%

Recent immigration

The 2021 Canadian census counted a total of 4,860 people who immigrated to Prince Edward Island between 2016 and 2021.[14]

Recent immigrants to Prince Edward Island by Country of birth (2016 to 2021)[14]
Country of Birth Population % recent immigrants
 China 1,170 24.1%
 India 665 13.7%
 Philippines 630 13%
 Vietnam 475 9.8%
 Syria 220 4.5%
 United States of America 140 2.9%
 United Kingdom 130 2.7%
 Jamaica 105 2.2%
 Nigeria 85 1.7%
 Hong Kong 65 1.3%
Total 4,860 100%

Interprovincial migration
Net cumulative interprovincial migration per Province from 1997 to 2017, as a share of population of each Provinces
Main article: Interprovincial migration in Canada

Since 1971, Prince Edward Island mostly had years of positive interprovincial migration. However, in the 2010s, it turned to the negative. This interprovincial migration exceeded all immigration to the province in 2015.[23]

Interprovincial migration in Prince Edward Island
In-migrants Out-migrants Net migration
2008–09 2,522 3,058 −536
2009–10 2,709 2,649 60
2010–11 2,494 2,704 −210
2011–12 2,620 3,238 −618
2012–13 2,294 3,195 −901
2013–14 2,198 3,139 −941
2014–15 2,367 3,049 −682
2015–16 2,874 2,844 30
2016–17 3,124 2,680 444
2017–18 3,193 3,016 177
2018–19 3,922 3,793 129

Source: Statistics Canada

See also

Notes
  1. Statistic includes all persons that did not make up part of a visible minority or an indigenous identity.

References
  1. Statistics Canada Archived 2007-02-21 at the Wayback Machine - PEI Population trend
  2. Population urban and rural, by province and territory (Nova Scotia) Archived 2006-11-21 at the Wayback Machine. Statistics Canada, 2005.
  3. "PEI 2001 Canadian Census". Archived from the original on 2007-03-23. Retrieved 2007-01-29.
  4. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2022-10-26). "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-07-04.
  5. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2022-08-17). "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Profile table Prince Edward Island [Province]". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2022-08-17.
  6. "2006 Census of Canada: Topic-based tabulations". statcan.ca. Archived from the original on 27 August 2009. Retrieved 4 July 2015.
  7. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2022-10-26). "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-04-22.
  8. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2015-11-27). "NHS Profile". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-04-22.
  9. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2019-07-02). "2001 Community Profiles". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-04-22.
  10. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2019-03-29). "Data tables, 1991 Census R9101 - Population by Religion (29), Showing Age Groups (13) Education (20% Data) - Canada, provinces and territories, census divisions and census subdivisions". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-04-22.
  11. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2013-04-03). "1981 Census of Canada 20 per cent data base : highlight information on ethnicity, place of birth, citizenship, income, language, immigration, religion, shelter costs". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-04-22.
  12. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2013-04-03). "Sixth census of Canada,1921 . Vol. II: Ages, conjugal condition, birthplace, birthplace of parents, year of immigration and naturalization, language spoken, literacy, school attendance, blindness and deaf-mutism". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-01-10.
  13. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (4 September 2022). "1971 Census of Canada : population : vol. I – part 3 = Recensement du Canada 1971 : population : vol. I – partie 3. Birthplace. TABLE 42. Population Bom Outside Canada, Showing Numerical and Percentage Distribution, for Canada and Provinces, 1921-1971". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-01-10.
  14. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2022-10-26). "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2022-12-04.
  15. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2023-06-21). "Place of birth and period of immigration by gender and age: Province or territory". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-10-15.
  16. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2019-06-17). "Data tables, 2016 Census Immigrant Status and Period of Immigration (11), Place of Birth (272), Age (7A) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-03-04.
  17. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2019-01-23). "2011 National Household Survey: Data tables Profile - Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity, and Aboriginal Peoples for Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, National Household Survey, 2011". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-03-04.
  18. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2015-11-27). "NHS Profile, Prince Edward Island, 2011". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-03-04.
  19. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2009-03-23). "Place of birth for the immigrant population by period of immigration, 2006 counts and percentage distribution, for Canada, provinces and territories - 20% sample data". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-03-04.
  20. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2020-05-01). "2006 Census Topic-based tabulations Immigrant Status and Period of Immigration (8) and Place of Birth (261) for the Immigrants and Non-permanent Residents of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-03-04.
  21. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2013-12-23). "2001 Census Topic-based tabulations Immigrant Status and Period of Immigration (10A) and Place of Birth of Respondent (260) for Immigrants and Non-permanent Residents, for Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2001 Census - 20% Sample Data". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-03-04.
  22. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2013-12-23). "2001 Census Topic-based tabulations Selected Places of Birth (85) for the Immigrant Population, for Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 1996 and 2001 Censuses - 20% Sample Data". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-03-04.
  23. Yarr, Kevin (August 16, 2016). "Immigration not keeping pace with people leaving P.E.I." CBC. Retrieved 2018-12-28.
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