Battle of Multan (1749)
The Battle of Multan, also known as the Battle of Daurana Langana was fought in September 1749 by Kaura Mal's Mughal forces assisted by Jassa Singh Ahluwalia's Sikhs and the Mughal forces under Shah Nawaz Khan.
| Battle of Multan | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of Mughal-Sikh Wars | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 Kaura Mal's forcesSupported by  Dal Khalsa |
Shah Nawaz Khan's forces | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
|
Diwan Kaura Mal Asmat Khan † Abdul Aziz Khan † Jassa Singh Ahluwalia Sukha Singh |
Shah Nawaz Khan † Khawajah Shah † Zahad Khan † Sujah Khan | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
|
Unknown number under Kaura Mal 10,000 Sikhs[1] | 15,000[2] | ||||||
Background
Shah Nawaz Khan, the governor of Punjab had occupied Multan was revolting against Mir Mannu when he was having hard times.[3] He was hated by everyone after how many people he had slaughtered when he was the custodian of Lahore.[4] Therefore, Mir Mannu decided to send Kaura Mal and Asmat Khan to Multan with a large force with a mission to stop the revolt.[2] Since Kaura Mal didn't have many men and materials, he sought for help from the Sikhs and promised them all payment. Their leader Jassa Singh Ahluwalia marched alongside Kaura Mal with 10,000 Sikhs.[5] Kaura Mal won the hearts of the Sikhs by offering them sweet cold drinks which gave him the nickname of Mitha Mal, which means Mr.Sweet.[6]
Battle
The two parties clashed in the outskirts of Multan. The battalion under Khawajah Shah had killed a large amount of Kaura Mal's army which made Shah Nawaz Khan's victory certain.[3] However, some Sikhs fired at him and killed him. This caused a lot of confusion around in the enemy in which Shah Nawaz's horse was shot down and his head was chopped off by a Sikh named Bhim Singh.[5] The Multan Mughals were defeated not too long after this.[7][8]
Aftermath
Mir Mannu was proud of Kaura Mal and was given the title of Maharaja Bahadur and was also appointed the governor of Multan.[9]
References
- Singh, Giani Gian (1923). Shamsher Khalsa. p. 87.
- Rishi Singh (2014). State Formation and the Establishment of Non-Muslim Hegemony. SAGE Publications India. ISBN 9789351505044.
- Singh, Ganda (1990). Sardar Jassa Singh Ahluwalia. pp. 62–64.
- Bhangu, Rattan Singh (1914). Panth Prakash Vol.2 English Translation. p. 399.
- Surjit Singh Gandhi (1999). Sikhs In The Eighteenth Century. Singh Bros. pp. 188–189. ISBN 9788172052171.
- G.S. Chhabra (1960). Advanced study in History of the Punjab. p. 391.
- Cunningham, Joseph Davey (1918). A History Of The Sikhs From The Origin Of The Nation To The Battles Of The Sutlej. p. 96.
- Khazan Singh (1914). History and Philosophy of the Sikh Religion. p. 284.
- Santa Siṅgha Sekhoṃ (2005). Sant Singh Sekhon. Sahitya Akademi. p. 474. ISBN 9788126019991.