August 1911

The following events occurred in August 1911:

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August 21, 1911:The Mona Lisa...
August 11, 1911: Britain's House of Lords approves limits on its power with the Parliament Act
...stolen from the Louvre

August 1, 1911 (Tuesday)
  • Harriet Quimby became the first American woman to receive an airplane pilot's license, and only the second in the world (after Raymonde de Laroche). She was one of only 37 certified pilots in the world at that time.[1]
  • Died: Edwin Austin Abbey, 59, American painter and designer

August 2, 1911 (Wednesday)

August 3, 1911 (Thursday)
  • The United States signed arbitration treaties with both the United Kingdom and France in separate ceremonies at the White House office of U.S. President Taft. At 3:10 pm, British Ambassador James Bryce and U.S. Secretary of State Philander Knox signed the first pact. French Ambassador Jean Jules Jusserand and Knox signed the second treaty.[7] Based on the concept of "unlimited arbitration" of disputes between these three great powers, the "Taft-Knox Treaties" were favored by the American public, but the U.S. Senate amended both agreements beyond recognition. Taft refused to renegotiate the terms with the other nations.[8]
  • Allvar Gullstrand first demonstrated the slit lamp. His invention's introduction has been described as "an occasion of tremendous significance to ophthalmology".[9]
  • Born: Manuel Esperon, Mexican composer and songwriter, in Mexico City (d. 2011)
  • Died:

August 4, 1911 (Friday)
  • Japan's Admiral Count Tōgō Heihachirō, commander of the Japanese fleet during the Russo-Japanese War, was welcomed to New York City as a guest of the United States. After arriving the night before on the Lusitania at 11:40 pm, he transferred to two smaller boats and stayed at the Hotel Knickerbocker. Meeting Mayor William J. Gaynor later in the day, he departed on a train for Washington, D.C. that afternoon, where he was hosted at a state dinner by President Taft.[10]

August 5, 1911 (Saturday)

August 6, 1911 (Sunday)

August 7, 1911 (Monday)

August 8, 1911 (Tuesday)

August 9, 1911 (Wednesday)
  • Eighty-six people were drowned when the French ship Emir foundered after colliding with the British ship Silverton. The ship was passing through the Strait of Gibraltar, five miles east of Tarifa, after sailing from Gibraltar to Tangier. There were only 15 survivors from the Emir. The Silverton had been on its way from Newport to Taranto.[19]
  • The Australian ship Fifeshire wrecked at Cape Guardafui in the Gulf of Aden, killing 25 people.[2]
  • A record for the hottest day in the history of the United Kingdom was set when a temperature of 36.7 °C (98.1 °F) was measured at Raunds, Northamptonshire, England. The record was broken on August 3, 1990 (37.1 °C) and again on August 10, 2003 (38.1 °C).[20]
  • Born: William Alfred Fowler, American astrophysicist, who shared the Nobel Prize for Physics, 1983, for his work on stellar nucleosynthesis; in Pittsburgh (d. 1995)
  • Died:

August 10, 1911 (Thursday)
  • By a margin of 131-114, the House of Lords passed the Parliament Act 1911, also called the "Veto Bill" because it allowed the United Kingdom House of Commons to put limits on the Lords' power. More than 300 eligible peers declined to participate.[21] However, the 88 Liberal peers were joined in voting in favor by 29 Tories and 13 of the 15 Anglican archbishops and bishops who cast votes. Conservative MP George Wyndham would later remark, "We were beaten by the bishops and the rats."[22]
  • Born: A.N. Sherwin-White, British historian; in Fifield, Oxfordshire (d. 1993)

August 11, 1911 (Friday)

August 12, 1911 (Saturday)
  • "For a period of one year from and after the date hereof, the landing in Canada shall be, and the same is prohibited, of any immigrants belonging to the Negro race", declared an Order in Council approved by the Cabinet of Prime Minister Wilfrid Laurier on this date, "which race is deemed unsuitable to the climate and requirements of Canada." The racist order, made in response to hundreds of African-Americans moving to the Canadian prairies from Oklahoma, was never enforced, and repealed on October 5.[25]
  • Duke Kahanamoku broke three world swimming records in his very first meet, in Honolulu. Besides taking 1.6 seconds off of the 50 yard freestyle (to 24.2), he became the first person to swim 100 yards in under a minute, swimming in 55.4 seconds, 4.6 less than the AAU record.[26]
  • Henry Percival James, British Assistant Commissioner of Nigeria, was shot and killed along with five other people while traveling along the Forcados River on government business.[2][27]
  • John Muir set off from Brooklyn to begin a voyage of exploration of the Amazon River.[28]
  • Born: Cantinflas (stage name for Fortino Mario Alfonso Moreno Reyes), Mexican film comedian; in Mexico City (d. 1993)
  • Died:

August 13, 1911 (Sunday)
  • A lynch mob in Coatesville, Pennsylvania, burned an African-American to death after he was accused of murder. Three men were arrested on August 16. The night before, Zachariah Walker had shot and killed Edgar Rice, a private policeman, then injured himself in a suicide attempt while fleeing. While recovering in custody at the local hospital and restrained to a cot, Rice was seized by an angry mob. A fire was set and Walker, still chained to his hospital bed, was tossed into the flames.[29] Pennsylvania Governor John K. Tener would later say that the charter of Coatesville should be revoked, declaring "Had her officers or her citizens done their duty, the Commonwealth would not have been disgraced and her fair name dishonored."[30]
  • Matilde E. Moisant became the 3rd woman licensed airplane pilot in history. Unlike the first two, Raymonde de la Roche and Harriet Quimby, Moisant avoided death in a plane crash, and would live (until 1964) to the age of 85.[31]
  • Born: William Bernbach, American advertising executive and co-founder of Doyle Dayne Bernbach; in New York City (d. 1982); Bert Combs, reformist Governor of Kentucky and federal appellate court judge, in Manchester, Kentucky (died in accident, 1991)

August 14, 1911 (Monday)
"Dejah Thoris, Martian Princess"
  • Edgar Rice Burroughs, a 35-year-old salesman for a manufacturer of pencil sharpeners, submitted a partial manuscript for "Dejah Thoris, Martian Princess" to Argosy magazine, . The title would be changed and the story lengthened to six installments in All-Story Magazine with the title Under the Moons of Mars, starting the literary career of Burroughs.[32]
  • Harry Atwood took off from St. Louis at 7:05 in the morning local time to begin a 1,265 mile trip to New York City. Making 20 stops, and logging 28½ hours flying time, he reached New York at 2:38 pm on August 25.[33]
Ethel Payne
  • Born: Ethel L. Payne, African-American journalist who earned the nickname "First Lady of the Black Press" for her tough reporting for the Chicago Defender (d. 1991)

August 15, 1911 (Tuesday)
  • President Taft vetoed the statehood bill for Arizona and New Mexico to the 46-state union. Although the veto was directed at Arizona's judicial recall provision, New Mexico was blocked as well because the two states had been included in the same legislation.[2][34][35]
  • Born: Anthony Salerno, a/k/a "Fat Tony", member of American Mafia and a leader in the Genovese Family, in East Harlem, New York City (d. 1992)
  • Died: Major Henry Reed Rathbone, 74, who was present at the assassination of Abraham Lincoln and had been stabbed by John Wilkes Booth. Rathbone had been imprisoned at the Hildesheim Asylum for the Criminally Insane after murdering his wife while the American Consul at Hanover.[36]

August 16, 1911 (Wednesday)

August 17, 1911 (Thursday)
  • U.S. President Taft vetoed the Wool Tariff Reform Bill, an amendment to the Payne–Aldrich Tariff Act that would have cut the duty on imported wool in half, reducing the cost of clothing to American consumers. The legislation had passed earlier in the week, 206-90 in the House, but only 38-28 in the Senate.[38] A historian would later write that, in making the veto, "Taft deliberately, knowingly committed the sole enduring mistake of his presidency."[39]
  • In Britain, civil unrest across the industrial regions continued with the first national railway strike, beginning with the Llanelli Railway Riots. Six men died during the protests that aimed to improve workers rights.[40]
  • Born:
  • Died: Myrtle Reed, 36, writer of fiction (including Lavender and Old Lace), and cookbooks (as Olive Green); by suicide.

August 18, 1911 (Friday)
  • In Indiana, William Perry Woods incorporated the Royal Order of Lions.[41] This was a forerunner of Lions Clubs International (incorporated 1917), the world's largest service club organization, with 1,350,000 members in 45,000 Lions Club chapters.[42]
  • Royal assent was given to the Veto bill.[43]
  • Senate adopted resolution to admit Arizona and New Mexico; House passed bill the next day[2]
  • Ten days after the Pathe newsreel debut in the United States, the first Vitagraph newsreel was shown, The Vitagraph Monthly of Current Events.[44]
  • Born: Amelia Boynton Robinson, American civil rights leader; in Savannah, Georgia (d. 2015)

August 19, 1911 (Saturday)
  • The victory of Emilio Estrada over General Flavio Alfaro in elections for President of Ecuador was certified by the Ecuadorian Congress.[45]
  • The Constitution of the Republic of Portugal was adopted by the National Assembly at 1:35 am.[46]
  • The United States Senate voted 53-8 in favor of an amendment to the statehood bill for Arizona and New Mexico, conditioning Arizona's admission into the union on its revocation of a provision to recall elected judges.[47]
  • A mob of 200 men in Wales attacked and looted Jewish-owned shops at Tredegar. On August 21, rioting spread to Ebbw Vale and Rhymney, and by August 22 across the rest of Wales.[48]

August 20, 1911 (Sunday)
  • The New York Times sent the first round-the-world cable message, receiving the text back 16+1⁄2 minutes after it was sent.[49]
  • Lincoln Beachey broke the world altitude record, ascending to a height of 11,642 feet, more than 2 miles and more than 3+1⁄2 km.[50]
  • Born: Karl Frenzel, German Nazi war criminal who commanded the Sobibor extermination camp; in Zehdenick (died of natural causes, 1996)

August 21, 1911 (Monday)
  • The Mona Lisa was stolen from the Louvre Museum while the museum was closed for cleaning.[51] Witnesses reported that a tall stout individual had been carrying what appeared to be a large panel covered with a horse blanket, then caught the Paris to Bordeaux express at 7:47 am as it was pulling out of the Quai d'Orsay station.[52] Two years later, Vincenzo Peruggia, an Italian patriot who claimed that he stole the painting to return it to the homeland of Leonardo da Vinci, was arrested in Florence and the world's most famous painting was recovered.[53]
  • At 3:08 pm, President Taft signed the joint resolution offering American statehood to Arizona and New Mexico.[54]
  • Former U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt announced that he would not consent to use of his name as a possible candidate in 1912.[55]
  • Sir James Whitney, the Premier of Ontario, announced that he opposed the reciprocity bill with the United States because he believed that it would lead to annexation.[56]
  • Born: Anthony Boucher, mystery and science fiction author, as William Anthony White in Oakland, California (d. 1968)
  • Died: William Rotch Wister, 84, "the father of American cricket". Wister had founded the Philadelphia Cricket Club after watching English mill workers playing the game in 1842.

August 22, 1911 (Tuesday)
  • The former Shah of Persia was routed at Savadkuh with the loss of 300 of his men.[56]
  • In Britain, the Official Secrets Act 1911 was given royal assent, providing heavy penalties for spying, "wrongful communication of information", "harbouring spies" and "attempts to commit offence or incitement to commit offence".[57]

August 23, 1911 (Wednesday)
  • A secret meeting of the Committee of Imperial Defence was convened by Prime Minister Asquith to discuss overall military strategy for war against Germany. Field Marshal Sir Henry Wilson and Admiral Sir Arthur Wilson, the leaders of the British Army and the Royal Navy, respectively, presented their opposing views on how a war in continental Europe should be conducted.[58]
  • Born:
    • Betty Robinson, U.S. athlete and winner of first women's 100 meter in the Summer Olympics; gold medalist 1928 and 1936; holder of 100m world record and "fastest woman on Earth", 1928–1932; in Riverdale, Illinois (d. 1999)
    • Birger Ruud, Norwegian ski jumper, Olympic gold medalist 1932 and 1936, world champion 1931, 1935 and 1937; in Kongsberg (d. 1998)

August 24, 1911 (Thursday)
  • Led by the organization Tung Chi Huei, Chinese citizens living in Chengdu walked off of their jobs in protest over the Imperial Government's agreement with foreign nations to build a railroad through the Sichuan Province, after businesses there had raised $20,000,000 to build it themselves. "Few people in this country realized when the brief telegrams reported the occurrence of a strike", wrote an American author later,"that the beginning of the end of the Manchu Dynasty had arrived." The Xinhai Revolution would begin six weeks later.[59]
  • Manuel de Arriaga, Procurator General of Portugal was elected the first President of Portugal, receiving 121 votes from the Constituent Assembly. In second place was Foreign Minister Bernardo Machado, with 86 votes. Arriaga had been a professor at Columbia University and had taught English to the late King Carlos of Portugal.[60]
  • The first shipment of coal was made from Harlan County, Kentucky, the beginning of its transformation into a major coal producer.[61] The influx of miners and their families raised the population from 11,000 to 31,500 in ten years, and to 75,000 by 1940, before declining to 29,000 by 2011.
  • Born: Frederick E. Nolting Jr., U.S. Ambassador to South Vietnam (1961–1963); in Richmond, Virginia (d. 1989)

August 25, 1911 (Friday)
  • Andre Jaeger-Schmidt made good on his bet to travel around the world in 40 days, arriving at Cherbourg at 11:15 pm, in Paris 4 hours and 17 minutes ahead of schedule.[62]
  • Harry Atwood completed his flight from St. Louis to New York, covering 1,265 miles in 11 days, setting a new distance record.[33]
  • Twenty-eight people were killed and 74 injured in a train wreck at Manchester, New York. Two passenger cars on the Lehigh Valley Train No. 4 fell from the track into a ravine after encountering a section of track weakened by metal fatigue. Many of the dead and injured were veterans of the American Civil War and other members of the Grand Army of the Republic organization, on their way to an encampment in Rochester.[63]
  • George Santayana address coined a term in "The Genteel Tradition in American Philosophy" in an address to the Philosophical Union of the University of California at Berkeley[64]
  • Count Katsura Tarō resigned as Prime Minister of Japan, along with his entire cabinet.[65]
  • Born: Võ Nguyên Giáp, North Vietnamese General who guided the Communist victory in the Vietnam War; in An Xa, Le Thuy district, Quảng Bình Province (d. 2013)
  • Died: William S. Hutchings, 80, the "lightning calculator" for P.T. Barnum's circus.

August 26, 1911 (Saturday)

August 27, 1911 (Sunday)
  • Quoting from astronomer Percival Lowell, The New York Times reported that "vast engineering works" had been "accomplished in an incredibly short time by our planetary neighbors", referring to canals built on the planet Mars by its inhabitants. The Times noted that in two years, straight chasms had been built that were 20 miles wide and 1,000 miles in length.[69]
  • The phrase "our place in the sun", describing one's belief in an entitlement, was first used by Germany's Kaiser Wilhelm II in a speech delivered at Hamburg "No one can dispute with us the place in the sun that is our due", borrowed from Blaise Pascal's Pensees.[70]
  • Fifteen people were killed by a hurricane at Charleston, South Carolina.[71]
  • Born:
    • Van Rensselaer Potter, developer of the study of bioethics; in Pierpont, South Dakota (d. 2001)
    • Johnny Eck (stage name for John Eckhardt Jr.); American acrobat and sideshow performer who overcame a birth defect of being born without legs by making a performance of walking on his hands; in Baltimore. Robert Ripley, author of the Believe It or Not! newspaper feature called him "The Most Remarkable Man in the World"; (d. 1991)

August 28, 1911 (Monday)

August 29, 1911 (Tuesday)
  • "Ishi", the last surviving member of the Yahi American Indian tribe and last speaker of the Yana language, was discovered hiding in a corral near Oroville, California. Ishi lived the rest of his life as the guest of Professor Alfred Kroeber, curator of the Museum of Anthropology in San Francisco, and died in 1916.[73]
  • Died: Mahbub Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VI, 45, richest prince of the Indian Empire. As the Nizam of Hyderabad, he had an income of $10,000,000 a year and ruled over 11 million subjects. He was succeeded by his 25-year-old son, Osman Ali Khan.[74]

August 30, 1911 (Wednesday)

August 31, 1911 (Thursday)
  • Standard Oil Company of New Jersey, at one time the largest corporation in the United States and the largest oil producer and refiner in the world, ceased to exist in accordance with the May 15 antitrust judgment in Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States [80] Upon remand from the U.S. Supreme Court ruling, the company had been given until the end of August "to relinquish its control of the subsidiary concerns" and to transfer the remaining capital to the stockholders of the companies created from the breakup.
  • The city of San Fernando, California, was incorporated.[81]
  • Died: Brigadier General Benjamin Grierson, 85, Union cavalry leader during the American Civil War, and later organizer and commander of the African-American 10th Cavalry Regiment of the United States Army

References
  1. Lynn M. Homan and Thomas Reilly, Women Who Fly (Pelican Publishing, 2004) p16
  2. "Record of Current Events". The American Monthly Review of Reviews: 288–291. September 1911.
  3. "Haitian Rebels Win; Simon Now an Exile". The New York Times. August 3, 1911. p. 1.
  4. "Simon Quits Haiti". The New York Times. August 5, 1911. p. 1.
  5. "Rusty Wescoatt". Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango. Retrieved September 11, 2023.
  6. Georgieva, Simona (6 May 2020). "На 6 май 1869 г. в село Боймица е роден Апостол Петков Терзиев (Постол войвода)" [On 6 May 1869 Apostol Petkov Terziev (Apostol Voivode) was born in the village of Boimitsa]. Struma News (in Bulgarian).
  7. "Taft Arbitration Treaties Signed", The New York Times, August 4, 1911, p1
  8. Samuel F. Wells, The Challenges of Power: American Diplomacy, 1900–1921 (University Press of America, 1990) pp73-74
  9. Edward J. Holland, Cornea: Fundamentals, Diagnosis and Management (Gulf Professional Publishing, 2005) p191
  10. "Admiral Togo Here as Nation's Guest", The New York Times, August 4, 1911, p1
  11. "Peru and Colombia Clash", The New York Times, August 6, 1911, p1
  12. The Britannica Year-Book 1913: A Survey of the World's Progress Since the Completion in 1910 of the Encyclopædia Britannica (Encyclopædia Britannica, 1913) p xi
  13. "One Hundred Native Africans Drawn to Death in the Nile", Spokane Daily Chronicle, August 8, 1911, p1
  14. "Army Proclaims Leconte President", The New York Times, August 7, 1911, p1
  15. "Commons Rejects Vote of Censure", The New York Times, August 8, 1911, p1
  16. Alban Butler, et al., Butler's Lives of the Saints: August (Continuum International Publishing, 1998) p212
  17. Ray Gamache, A History of Sports Highlights: Replayed Plays from Edison to ESPN (McFarland, 2010) p49
  18. "Statehood Bill Passed", The New York Times, August 9, 1911, p1
  19. "Liner Sinks; 86 Drown", The New York Times, August 10, 1911, p1
  20. Philip Eden, Great British Weather Disasters (Continuum International Publishing, 2008) p190
  21. "Veto Bill Passes; No Puppet Peers", The New York Times, August 11, 1911, p1
  22. W. D. Rubinstein, Twentieth-century Britain: A Political History (Palgrave Macmillan, 2003) p44
  23. "President Goes to Beverly", The New York Times, August 11, 1911
  24. "President Taft Ends His 15,000 Mile Tour", The New York Times, November 12, 1911
  25. R. Bruce Shepard, Deemed Unsuitable: Blacks from Oklahoma Move to the Canadian Prairies in Search of Equality in the Early 20th Century, Only to Find Racism in Their New Home (Dundurn Press Ltd., 1997) p100
  26. Dan Cisco, Hawaiʻi Sports: History, Facts, and Statistics (University of Hawaii Press, 1999)
  27. "The Murders in Southern Nigeria", Glasgow Herald, August 14, 1911, p9
  28. Sally M. Miller and Daryl Morrison, John Muir: Family, Friends, and Adventures (UNM Press, 2005) p256
  29. "Burn a Negro at Stake in Pennsylvania", The New York Times, August 14, 1911, p1
  30. Randall M. Miller and William Pencak, Pennsylvania: a History of the Commonwealth (Pennsylvania State University Press, 2002) p289; "Would Revoke Charter of a Borough", Meriden (CT) Morning Record, January 9, 1913, p4
  31. Shawna Kelly, Aviators in Early Hollywood (Arcadia Publishing, 2008) p43
  32. Paul Green and Mike Hoffman, Encyclopedia of Weird Westerns (McFarland, 2009) p215
  33. "Atwood Ends Record Air Trip", The New York Times, August 26, 1911, p1
  34. "President Vetoes the Statehood Bill", The New York Times, August 16, 1911, p1; Steven L. Piott, Giving Voters a Voice: The Origins of the Initiative and Referendum in America (University of Missouri Press, 2003) p145
  35. "JUDICIARY RECALL IS FATAL TO STATEHOOD", Arizona Journal-Miner (Prescott, Arizona), August 16, 1911, p1
  36. "Major Rathbone Dies; Was Wounded by Jon Wilkes Booth After Assassin Shot President Lincoln", The New York Times, August 16, 1911, p1
  37. Frank E. Trout, Morocco's Saharan Frontiers (Droz Publishers, 1969) p193
  38. "Taft's Second Veto Kills the Wool Bill", The New York Times, August 18, 1911, p1; "Tariff", in The New International Year Book: A Compendium of the World's Progress for the Year 1911 (Dodd, Mead and Co., 1912) p678
  39. Michael L. Bromley, William Howard Taft and the First Motoring Presidency, 1909–1913 (McFarland, 2003) p268
  40. BBC Wales History
  41. James D. Bailey, We Serve in Dry Heat: A History of Arizona Lionism (Trafford Publishing, 2003) p1
  42. "Lions Club history". Archived from the original on 2011-07-07. Retrieved 2011-07-07.
  43. "Cheers in House of Lords", The New York Times, August 19, 1911, p1
  44. Giorgio Bertellini, Italy in Early American Cinema: Race, Landscape, and the Picturesque (Indiana University Press, 2010) p356
  45. "Estrada Wins in Ecuador", The New York Times, August 20, 1911, p1
  46. "Portugal Has Constitution", The New York Times, August 20, 1911, p1
  47. "Two New States Assured", Boston Evening Transcript, August 19, 1911, p2
  48. Alan Bold, MacDiarmid: Christopher Murray Grieve, a Critical Biography (Univ of Massachusetts Press, 1988) p65
  49. Alfred McClung Lee, The Daily Newspaper in America: The Evolution of a Social Instrument (Routledge/Thoemmes Press, 2000) p285
  50. Donald M. Pattillo, Pushing the Envelope: The American Aircraft Industry (University of Michigan Press, 2001) p14
  51. "'La Gioconda' Is Stolen in Paris; Masterpiece of Leonardo da Vinci Vanishes from Louvre- Known as Mona Lisa", The New York Times, August 23, 1911, p1
  52. "Police Have Clues to Lost 'Mona Lisa'", The New York Times, August 25, 1911, p1
  53. Dorothy Hoobler and Thomas Hoobler, The Crimes of Paris: A True Story of Murder, Theft, and Detection (Hachette Digital, Inc., 2009)
  54. "Statehood Measure Signed", The New York Times, August 22, 1911, p1
  55. "Roosevelt Checks a Boom", The New York Times, August 22, 1911, p1
  56. "Record of Current Events", The American Monthly Review of Reviews (October 1911), pp415–419
  57. "Official Secrets Act 1911"
  58. Carlo D'Este, Warlord: A Life of Winston Churchill at War, 1874–1945, War Minister Richard Haldane (HarperCollins, 2009) p179; Anthony J. Watts, The Royal Navy: an illustrated history (Naval Institute Press, 1994) p83
  59. A. M. Pooley, Japan's Foreign Policies (Dodd, Mead and Company, 1920) p60
  60. "Portugal Elects Arriaga President", The New York Times, August 25, 1911, p1
  61. Kincaid A. Herr, The Louisville & Nashville Railroad, 1850–1963 (University Press of Kentucky, 1964) p206
  62. "Jaegerschmidt Wins Globe-Circling Test", The New York Times, August 27, 1911, p1
  63. "Agree on Bad Rail as Cause of Wreck", The New York Times, August 27, 1911, p1; Edgar A. Haine, Railroad Wrecks (Associated University Presses, 1993) p78-79
  64. Richard Francis, Transcendental Utopias: Individual and Community at Brook Farm, Fruitlands, and Walden (Cornell University Press, 1997) p20
  65. Stewart Lone, Army, Empire and Politics in Meiji Japan: The Three Careers of General Katsura Tarō (Palgrave Macmillan, 2000) p173; "Count Katsura Resigns", Montreal Gazette, August 25, 1911, p1
  66. "25 Die, 50 Hurt, in Theatre Rush", The New York Times, August 27, 1911, p1
  67. "Airship Gun Shoots High", The New York Times, August 27, 1911, p1
  68. "Launch Rivadavia, Biggest Battleship", The New York Times, August 27, 1911, p1
  69. "Martians Build Two Immense Canals in Two Years", The New York Times Sunday Magazine, August 27, 1911, p13
  70. "Place in the sun", Safire's political dictionary by William Safire (Oxford University Press US, 2008) p543
  71. "Storm's Death Toll 15 in Charleston", The New York Times, August 30, 1911, p1
  72. "Islands for Panama Fort", The New York Times, August 29, 1911, p1
  73. Theodora Kroeber, Ishi in Two Worlds: A Biography of the Last Wild Indian in North America (University of California Press, 1961) p3
  74. "Nizam of Hyderabad Dead", The New York Times, August 30, 1911, p1; P. V. Kate, Marathwada under the Nizams, 1724–1948 (Mittal Publications, 1987) p54
  75. "New Population Centre", The New York Times, August 31, 1911, p1
  76. Lesley Connors, The Emperor's Adviser: Saionji Kinmochi and Pre-War Japanese Politics (Taylor & Francis US, 2010) p29
  77. "For Madero Unanimously", The New York Times, August 31, 1911, p1
  78. "England Wasting Resources-- Ramsay", The New York Times, August 31, 1911, p1
  79. "Transistorized!", PBS.org
  80. "Standard Oil Disintegrates", Pittsburgh Gazette-Times, September 1, 1911, p2
  81. Marc Wanamaker, Images of America: San Fernando Valley (Arcadia Publishing, 2011) p19
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