Antoniadi (lunar crater)

Antoniadi
	Clementine image
Coordinates	69.7°S 172.0°W
Diameter	143 km
Depth	9 km
Colongitude	172° at sunrise
Eponym	Eugène M. Antoniadi

Antoniadi is a large lunar impact crater that lies on the southern hemisphere on the far side of the Moon. The crater intrudes into the southeastern rim of the crater Minnaert, a slightly smaller formation that is significantly more eroded. Attached to the eastern rim of Antoniadi is Numerov, another large, ancient crater similar to Minnaert. Due south of Antoniadi is the small crater Brashear.

Oblique view of part of the interior of Antoniadi from LRO. The smaller crater near the center of the image contains the lowest point on the moon.[1]

Oblique Lunar Orbiter 5 image facing west of Antoniadi (above center) and Numerov (below center)

Antoniadi is one of the largest craters of Upper (Late) Imbrian age.[2]

Geography

The outer rim of Antoniadi is generally circular, with an irregular edge that has multiple indentations all about the perimeter. The wall is only lightly eroded, and retains a crisp rim and terracing on the inner walls. Only a single small craterlet of note lies across the interior wall, near the southeast edge of the rim.

Antoniadi is one of the few craters on the Moon that possesses both a second inner ring and a central peak. This inner ring formation is about half the diameter of the outer wall, and only rugged mountain segments of the ring to the north and south still remain. The western part of the inner ring is almost non-existent, and only a few minor hills remain to the east.

The floor within the inner wall is unusually flat and smooth, with the central peak being the only notable feature. The floor outside the inner ring is much rougher in texture. The most notable crater on the interior floor lies across the eastern edge of the southern inner ring range.

Lowest Point on the Moon

The bottom of a small unnamed crater within Antoniadi crater was measured by the laser altimeter (LALT) instrument on board the Japanese Selenological and Engineering Explorer (SELENE) satellite to be the lowest point on the moon,[1] at Lunar latitude 70.43° S, longitude 187.42° E.[3] The point is 9.178 km below the average lunar geoid. The measurement was confirmed by laser altimetry data from the Chang'e 1 orbiter,[4] which further refined the location to latitude 70.368° S, longitude 172.413° W.

The lowest point has been unofficially named "Point Trieste" after the Bathyscaphe Trieste, the first vehicle to descend to the Earth's deepest point.[5]

References

Cited

Mark Robinson, "Great Wall!", LROC (Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera), February 26, 2016. Retrieved March 11 2019.
The geologic history of the Moon. USGS Professional Paper 1348. By Don E. Wilhelms, John F. McCauley, and Newell J. Trask. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington: 1987. Table 11.2.
Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: "The highest and lowest points on the Moon". YouTube.
Chunlai Li et al., "Laser altimetry data of Chang’E-1 and the global lunar DEM model", Science China Earth Science 53 (11), pp 1582-1593. Nov 2011. DOI: 10.1007/s11430-010-4020-1
"New High-Res Map Suggests Little Water Inside Moon". Ohio State University. Archived from the original on June 23, 2010. Retrieved February 12, 2009. To coincide with publication in the journal Science.

General

Andersson, L. E.; Whitaker, E. A. (1982). NASA Catalogue of Lunar Nomenclature. NASA RP-1097.
Blue, Jennifer (July 25, 2007). "Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature". USGS. Retrieved 2007-08-05.
Bussey, B.; Spudis, P. (2004). The Clementine Atlas of the Moon. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-81528-4.
Cocks, Elijah E.; Cocks, Josiah C. (1995). Who's Who on the Moon: A Biographical Dictionary of Lunar Nomenclature. Tudor Publishers. ISBN 978-0-936389-27-1.
McDowell, Jonathan (July 15, 2007). "Lunar Nomenclature". Jonathan's Space Report. Retrieved 2007-10-24.
Menzel, D. H.; Minnaert, M.; Levin, B.; Dollfus, A.; Bell, B. (1971). "Report on Lunar Nomenclature by the Working Group of Commission 17 of the IAU". Space Science Reviews. 12 (2): 136–186. Bibcode:1971SSRv...12..136M. doi:10.1007/BF00171763. S2CID 122125855.
Moore, Patrick (2001). On the Moon. Sterling Publishing Co. ISBN 978-0-304-35469-6.
Price, Fred W. (1988). The Moon Observer's Handbook. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-33500-3.
Rükl, Antonín (1990). Atlas of the Moon. Kalmbach Books. ISBN 978-0-913135-17-4.
Webb, Rev. T. W. (1962). Celestial Objects for Common Telescopes (6th revised ed.). Dover. ISBN 978-0-486-20917-3.
Whitaker, Ewen A. (1999). Mapping and Naming the Moon. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-62248-6.
Wlasuk, Peter T. (2000). Observing the Moon. Springer. ISBN 978-1-85233-193-1.

External links

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[LROC2016-1] Mark Robinson, "Great Wall!", LROC (Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera), February 26, 2016. Retrieved March 11 2019.

[2] The geologic history of the Moon. USGS Professional Paper 1348. By Don E. Wilhelms, John F. McCauley, and Newell J. Trask. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington: 1987. Table 11.2.

[3] Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: "The highest and lowest points on the Moon". YouTube.

[Li2011-4] Chunlai Li et al., "Laser altimetry data of Chang’E-1 and the global lunar DEM model", Science China Earth Science 53 (11), pp 1582-1593. Nov 2011. DOI: 10.1007/s11430-010-4020-1

[OSU_Shum-5] "New High-Res Map Suggests Little Water Inside Moon". Ohio State University. Archived from the original on June 23, 2010. Retrieved February 12, 2009. To coincide with publication in the journal Science.