Acts 26

Acts 26 is the twenty-sixth chapter of the Acts of the Apostles in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It records the period of Paul's imprisonment in Caesarea. The book containing this chapter is anonymous, but Holman states that "uniform Christian tradition affirms that Luke wrote both" this book as well as the Gospel of Luke,[1] as supported by Guthrie based on external evidence.[2]

Acts 26
Acts 26:7–8, 20 in Greek in Papyrus 29, written in 3rd century.
BookActs of the Apostles
CategoryChurch history
Christian Bible partNew Testament
Order in the Christian part5

Text

The original text was written in Koine Greek. This chapter is divided into 32 verses.

Textual witnesses

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter are:

Location
Acts 26 is located in Israel
Jerusalem
Jerusalem
Caesarea
Caesarea
Location of Caesarea (with Jerusalem as reference)

The events in this chapter took place in Caesarea.

Theme
Apostle Paul On Trial by Nikolai Bodarevsky, 1875. Agrippa and Berenice are both seated on thrones.

Paul took up the invitation to speak: "Agrippa said to Paul, “You are permitted to speak for yourself" (Acts 26:1) with an account of his early life, conversion and faith. Luke presents two contrasting responses:

Paul's speech before Agrippa II and Bernice (26:1–23)

Following the custom of the first century, Paul's speech begins with a standard captatio benevolentiae (congratulating his auditor on the expert ability to judge the case; verses 2–3), followed by a reprise of his own life-story, focusing on Judaism (cf. Galatians 1:13—14), with the emphasis on Jerusalem, in his Pharisaic background (verses 4–5; cf. Acts 23:6, Philippians 3:5—6), his persecution of the Christians (verses 9–11; cf. Galatians 1:13; Philippians 3:6; 1 Corinthians 15:9) and his conversion to be the follower of Christ.[6] The conversion story was already recorded twice (Acts 9:1—18 in narrative and Acts 22:6—16 in Paul's own words) but a functional redundancy is an indicator of rhetorical importance, with slight variations and the significant addition of 'in the Hebrew language' (verse 14) showing that this time it is addressed to a Greek-speaking audience (whereas previously was in 'Hebrew', or Aramaic; Acts 21:40). An expansion of heavenly voice here includes a proverbial saying ('It hurts you to kick against the goads'; not found in 9:4 or 22:7), which parallels Greek writings (cf. esp. Euripides. The Bacchae, 794–5).[6]

Paul's challenge to Agrippa (26:24-32)

The speech was brought to closure with a 'lively piece of dialogue' which contrasts between "madness" (verse 24) and "sober truth" (verse 25), turning into a direct challenge to Agrippa, verses 26–29).[7] The end of the speech clearly displays the real object of Paul's persuasive rhetoric: 'not exoneration but conversion', so 'all who are listening' to Paul (verse 29) are invited to 'become a Christian' (verse 28), but nonetheless it results in the reinforcement of his innocence as both Festus and Agrippa were convinced that Paul has committed no crime (verses 31–22).[7]

Verse 24
At this point Festus interrupted Paul's defense. "You are out of your mind, Paul!" he shouted. "Your great learning is driving you insane."[8]

The phrase τὰ πολλά σε γράμματα is translated here as "great learning" rather than the possibly more literal "many books". If the latter had been the intention the word βιβλία probably would have been used.[9]

Verse 28

King James Version:

Then Agrippa said unto Paul, Almost thou persuadest me to be a Christian.[10]

New International Version:

Then Agrippa said to Paul, "Do you think that in such a short time you can persuade me to be a Christian?"[11]

While the first translation is the more literal, the king, a rich and secular man, is possibly speaking ironically.[12]

Methodist founder John Wesley preached a sermon entitled "The Almost Christian", based on this verse, at St. Mary's, Oxford, on 25 July 1741. It is sermon 2 in his standard collection of sermons.[13] Wesley's companion George Whitefield also preached a sermon with the same title referring to the same verse.[14]

A "Christian" (Ancient Greek: Χριστιανόν, Christianon, nominative: Christianos): this is the third mention of the term in the New Testament. The first use was in Antioch (Acts 11:26), where the writer of Acts refers to the novelty of the term, and the term is also used by Peter in 1 Peter 4:16: If anyone suffers as a Christian .... All three usages are considered to reflect a derisive element referring to the followers of Christ who did not acknowledge the emperor of Rome.[15][16]

See also

References
  1. Holman Illustrated Bible Handbook. Holman Bible Publishers, Nashville, Tennessee. 2012. p. 354.
  2. Donald Guthrie, New Testament Introduction, 4th ed. Downers Grove, Illinois: Intervarsity Press, 1990.
  3. Comfort, Philip W.; David P. Barrett (2001). The Text of the Earliest New Testament Greek Manuscripts. Wheaton, Illinois: Tyndale House Publishers. p. 125. ISBN 978-0-8423-5265-9.
  4. Metzger, Bruce M.; Bart D. Ehrman (2005). The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption and Restoration. New York – Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 67. ISBN 978-0-19-516122-9.
  5. Aland, Kurt; Aland, Barbara (1995). The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism. Erroll F. Rhodes (trans.). Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. pp. 109–110. ISBN 978-0-8028-4098-1.
  6. Alexander 2007, p. 1058.
  7. Alexander 2007, p. 1059.
  8. Acts 26:24 NIV
  9. Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. "Meyer's NT Commentary (Acts 26:24)". Retrieved 2017-11-19.
  10. Acts 26:28 KJV
  11. Acts 26:28 NIV
  12. Bernhard Weiss, referred to by Nicoll, W. R., in Expositor's Greek Testament on Acts 26, accessed 23 May 2020
  13. Wesley Centre Online, The Sermons of John Wesley - Sermon 2: The Almost Christian, accessed 23 May 2020
  14. Whitefield. G., The Almost Christian, accessed 20 July 2019
  15. Wuest 1973, p. 19. The word is used three times in the New Testament, and each time as a term of reproach or derision. ... in Antioch, the name Christianos was coined to distinguish the worshippers of the Christ from the Kaisarianos, the worshippers of Caesar.
  16. Meyer, Heinrich August Wilhelm. "Meyer's NT Commentary. Acts 26". Retrieved 2017-11-19.. Quote: the name Χριστιανόν, which, of Gentile origin (see on Acts 11:26), carries with it in the mouth of a Jew the accessory idea of heterodoxy and the stain of contempt.

Sources
  • Alexander, Loveday (2007). "62. Acts". In Barton, John; Muddiman, John (eds.). The Oxford Bible Commentary (first (paperback) ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 1028–1061. ISBN 978-0199277186.
  • Wuest, Kenneth Samuel (1973). Wuest's word studies from the Greek New Testament. Vol. 1. ISBN 978-0-8028-2280-2.
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