1984 Summer Olympics Parade of Nations

During the parade of nations portion of the 1984 Summer Olympics opening ceremony, athletes from each country participating in the Olympics paraded in the arena, preceded by their flag. The flag was borne by a sportsperson from that country chosen either by the National Olympic Committee or by the athletes themselves to represent their country.

Parade order

As the nation of the first modern Olympic Games, Greece entered the stadium first; whereas, the host nation of the United States marched last. Other countries entered in alphabetical order in the language of the host country (English), according with tradition and IOC guidelines.[1]

Whilst most countries entered under their short names, a few entered under more formal or alternative names, mostly due to political and naming disputes. The Republic of China (commonly known as Taiwan) entered with the compromised name and flag of "Chinese Taipei" under T so that they did not enter together with conflicting People's Republic of China (commonly known as China), which entered as the "People's Republic of China" under C.

A record of 140 nations entered the stadium with a combined total of 7,078 athletes.[2] Eighteen nations made their Olympic debut, namely Bahrain, Bangladesh, Bhutan, British Virgin Islands, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Gambia, Grenada, Mauritania, Mauritius, North Yemen, Oman, Qatar, Rwanda, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, and the United Arab Emirates. The People's Republic of China made its first appearance at the Summer Olympics since 1952, while the Republic of China participated for the first time under the name Chinese Taipei as a result of the IOC agreement. Thirteen countries, namely Afghanistan, Angola, Bulgaria, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Ethiopia, East Germany, Hungary, Laos, Mongolia, North Korea, Poland, and Vietnam, were part of the Soviet Union-boycott of these Games.[3][4] Apart from the People's Republic of China (a communist country that had substantially warmer relations with the United States than with the Soviet Union, following the Sino–Soviet split),[5] Romania and Yugoslavia were among the socialist countries to disregard the boycott and attend the Games. Albania, Iran and Libya also did not compete at the Games, citing political reasons unrelated to the Soviet Union.[6]

Notable flag bearers in the opening ceremony featured the following athletes: six-time Olympian and Star sailor Hubert Raudaschl (Austria); defending Olympic champions Stelios Mygiakis (Greece) in Greco-Roman wrestling, Esko Rechardt in Finn sailing, Angelo Parisi (France) in heavyweight judo, Sara Simeoni (Italy) in women's high jump, Corneliu Ion (Romania) in rapid fire pistol shooting, and Alejandro Abascal (Spain) in the Flying Dutchman; middle-distance runner and 1976 Olympic champion John Walker; dressage rider Christine Stückelberger (Switzerland); professional basketball player Dražen Dalipagić (Yugoslavia), who led his men's team to capture the gold medal in Moscow four years earlier; and hammer thrower Ed Burke (United States), who competed in his third appearance since the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City.[7]

List

The following is a list of each country's announced flag bearer. The list is sorted by the order in which each nation appears in the parade of nations. The names are given in their official designations by the IOC.

Order Country Flag bearer Sport
1 Greece (GRE)Stelios MygiakisWrestling
2 Algeria (ALG)Abdelkrim BendjemilHandball
3 Andorra (AND)Joan Tomàs RocaShooting
4 Antigua (ANT)Lester BenjaminAthletics
5 Argentina (ARG)Ricardo IbarraRowing
6 Australia (AUS)Wayne RoycroftEquestrian
7 Austria (AUT)Hubert RaudaschlSailing
8 Bahamas (BAH)Bradley CooperAthletics
9 Bahrain (BRN)Youssef MubarakOfficial
10 Bangladesh (BAN)Saidur Rahman DawnAthletics
11 Barbados (BAR)Charles PileCycling
12 Belgium (BEL)Edgar Henri CuepperEquestrian
13 Belize (BIZ)Lindford GillittCycling
14 Benin (BEN)Firmin AbissiBoxing
15 Bermuda (BER)Clarence SaundersAthletics
16 Bhutan (BHU)Thinley DorjiArchery
17 Bolivia (BOL)Saúl MendozaFencing
18 Botswana (BOT)Norman MangoyeOfficial
19 Brazil (BRA)Eduardo de SouzaSailing
20 British Virgin Islands (IVB)Lindel HodgeAthletics
21 Burma (BIR)Latt ZawBoxing
22 Cameroon (CMR)Issa HayatouOfficial
23 Canada (CAN)Alex BaumannSwimming
24 Cayman Islands (CAY)Carson EbanksSailing
25 Central African Republic (CAF)André Marie SayetBoxing (coach)
26 Chad (CHA)Ousman MiangotoAthletics
27 Chile (CHI)Carlos RossiSailing
28 People's Republic of China (CHN)Wang LibinBasketball
29 Colombia (COL)Pablo RestrepoSwimming
30 People's Republic of the Congo (CGO)Simone NkabouChef de mission
31 Costa Rica (CRC)Elizabeth JagushShooting
32 Cyprus (CYP)Marios KassianidisAthletics
33 Denmark (DEN)Michael MarkussenCycling
34 Djibouti (DJI)Djama RoblehAthletics
35 Dominican Republic (DOM)Pedro NolascoBoxing
36 Ecuador (ECU)Brigitte MorilloEquestrian
37 Egypt (EGY)Mohamed Sayed SolimanBasketball
38 El Salvador (ESA)Kriscia GarcíaAthletics
39 Equatorial Guinea (GEQ)Secundino BorabotaAthletics
40 Fiji (FIJ)Viliame TakayawaJudo
41 Finland (FIN)Esko RechardtSailing
42 France (FRA)Angelo ParisiJudo
43 Gabon (GAB)Odette MistoulAthletics
44 Gambia (GAM)Oumar FyeAthletics
45 Federal Republic of Germany (FRG)Wilhelm KuhweideSailing
46 Ghana (GHA)Makarios DjanAthletics
47 Great Britain (GBR)Lucinda GreenEquestrian
48 Grenada (GRN)Bernard WilsonBoxing
49 Guatemala (GUA)Oswaldo MéndezEquestrian
50 Guinea (GUI)Abdoullaye DialloJudo
51 Guyana (GUY)Earl HaleyAthletics
52 Haiti (HAI)Ronald AgénorTennis
53 Honduras (HON)Carlos SotoJudo
54 Hong Kong (HKG)Solomon LeeShooting
55 Iceland (ISL)Einar VilhjálmssonAthletics
56 India (IND)Zafar IqbalField hockey
57 Indonesia (INA)Lukman NiodeSwimming
58 Iraq (IRQ)Ismail SalmanBoxing
59 Ireland (IRL)Gerry MullinsEquestrian
60 Israel (ISR)Zehava ShmueliAthletics
61 Italy (ITA)Sara SimeoniAthletics
62 Ivory Coast (CIV)Avognan NogboumAthletics
63 Jamaica (JAM)Bertland CameronAthletics
64 Japan (JPN)Shigenobu MurofushiAthletics
65 Jordan (JOR)Mourad BarakatChef de mission
66 Kenya (KEN)James OmondiBoxing
67 Korea (KOR)Ha Hyung-jooJudo
68 Kuwait (KUW)Tareq Al-GhareebJudo
69 Lebanon (LIB)Toni KhouriChef de mission
70 Lesotho (LES)Mochochonono MokhutloleChef de mission
71 Liberia (LBR)Wallace ObeyAthletics
72 Liechtenstein (LIE)Manuela MarxerAthletics
73 Luxembourg (LUX)Jeannette GoergenArchery
74 Madagascar (MAD)Jean-Luc BezokyBoxing
75 Malawi (MAW)Fletcher KapitoBoxing
76 Malaysia (MAS)Sabiahmad Abdullah AhadShooting
77 Mali (MLI)Karamoke Kory KonteChef de mission
78 Malta (MLT)Peter BonelloSailing
79 Mauritania (MTN)Oumar Samba SyWrestling
80 Mauritius (MRI)Vivian CoralieAthletics
81 Mexico (MEX)Ivar SisniegaModern pentathlon
82 Monaco (MON)Jean-Luc AdornoSwimming
83 Morocco (MAR)Lahcen Samsam AkkaAthletics
84 Mozambique (MOZ)Daniel FirminoOfficial
85 Nepal (NEP)Khadga RanabhatOfficial
86 Netherlands (NED)Ton BuunkWater polo
87 Netherlands Antilles (AHO)Evert Johan KroonSwimming
88 New Zealand (NZL)John WalkerAthletics
89 Nicaragua (NCA)Gustavo HerreraOfficial
90 Niger (NIG)Boubagar SoumanaBoxing
91 Nigeria (NGR)Yusuf AlliAthletics
92 Norway (NOR)Alf HansenRowing
93 Oman (OMA)Mohamed Al-BusaidiOfficial
94 Pakistan (PAK)Manzoor HussainField hockey
95 Panama (PAN)José DíazWeightlifting
96 Papua New Guinea (PNG)Iammogapi LaunaAthletics
97 Paraguay (PAR)Max NarváezJudo
98 Peru (PER)Edwin VásquezShooting (official)
99 Philippines (PHI)Isidro del PradoAthletics
100 Portugal (POR)António RoqueteJudo
101 Puerto Rico (PUR)Fernando CañalesSwimming
102 Qatar (QAT)Waheed Khamis Al-SalemAthletics
103 Romania (ROM)Corneliu IonShooting
104 Rwanda (RWA)Emmanuel TwagirayezuAthletics (coach)
105 San Marino (SMR)Maurizio ZonziniGymnastics
106 Saudi Arabia (KSA)Safaq Al-AnziShooting
107 Senegal (SEN)Amadou Ciré BaalShooting
108 Seychelles (SEY)Denis RoseAthletics
109 Sierra Leone (SLE)David SawyerrAthletics
110 Singapore (SIN)Ang Peng SiongSwimming
111 Solomon Islands (SOL)Leslie AtaWeightlifting
112 Somalia (SOM)Abdi BileAthletics
113 Spain (ESP)Alejandro AbascalSailing
114 Sri Lanka (SRI)Lalin JirasinhaSailing
115 Sudan (SUD)Abdul Al-LalifOfficial
116 Suriname (SUR)Siegfried CrudenAthletics
117 Swaziland (SWZ)Lenford DlamineOfficial
118 Sweden (SWE)Hans SvenssonRowing
119 Switzerland (SUI)Christine StückelbergerEquestrian
120 Syria (SYR)Joseph AtiyehWrestling
121 Chinese Taipei (TPE)Lee Fu-anAthletics
122 Tanzania (TAN)Michael NassoroBoxing
123 Thailand (THA)Rangsit YanothaiShooting
124 Togo (TOG)Denou KoffiAthletics
125 Tonga (TGA)Fine SaniBoxing
126 Trinidad & Tobago (TRI)Hasely CrawfordAthletics
127 Tunisia (TUN)Fethi BaccoucheAthletics
128 Turkey (TUR)Semra AksuAthletics
129 Uganda (UGA)Ruth KyalisimaAthletics
130 United Arab Emirates (UAE)Mubarak IsmailAthletics
131 Uruguay (URU)Carlos PeinadoBasketball
132 Venezuela (VEN)William WuyckeAthletics
133 Virgin Islands (ISV)Jodie LawaetzSwimming
134 Western Samoa (SAM)Apelu IoaneBoxing
135 Yemen Arab Republic (YAR)Ahmed Al-OzariOfficial
136 Yugoslavia (YUG)Dražen DalipagićBasketball
137 Zaire (ZAI)Christine BakomboAthletics
138 Zambia (ZAM)Dave LisheboAthletics
139 Zimbabwe (ZIM)Zephaniah NcubeAthletics
140 United States of America (USA)Ed BurkeAthletics

References

  1. "Technical Manual on Ceremonies" (PDF). International Olympic Committee. November 2005. p. 40. Retrieved 6 October 2019.
  2. Harvey, Randy (26 February 1999). "Close to the Flame". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 11 August 2014.
  3. "1984: Moscow pulls out of US Olympics". BBC Sport. Retrieved 11 August 2014.
  4. Burns, John F. (9 May 1984). "Moscow Will Keep Its Team From Los Angeles Olympics". The New York Times.
  5. "U.S.-China Chronology - Countries - Office of the Historian".
  6. "Around the Olympics; Iran Announces Boycott Of the 1984 Olympics". The New York Times. 2 August 1983. Retrieved 11 August 2014.
  7. "3-Time Olympian & Olympic Flagbearer Ed Burke Sets World Record At PGSLC To Open National Masters, Meet Thru Sun". PR Newswire. Retrieved 11 August 2014.

See also

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