Description

Hofstede's five cultural factors are reconceptualized as ten personal cultural orientations: independence, interdependence, power, social inequality, masculinity, gender equality, risk aversion, ambiguity intolerance, tradition, and prudence. A new 40-item scale is developed to measure these personal cultural orientations. Much effort has been invested in ensuring validity, reliability, and cross-cultural measurement equivalence of the new scale.

Definition

Ambiguity intolerance is the degree to which people can tolerate ambiguity and uncertain situations.

Items

• I find it difficult to function without clear directions and instructions. (0.77)
• I prefer specific instructions to broad guidelines. (0.75)
• I tend to get anxious easily when I don’t know an outcome. (0.73)
• I feel stressful when I cannot predict consequences. (0.72)

Source

• Sharma (2010): Measuring Personal Cultural Orientations: Scale Development and Validation. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 38, No. 6, pp. 787–806