Flora of New York/Myrtales

← Geraniales Geraniaceae	Flora of New York — Myrtales				→ Crossosomatales, Sapindales
	Table of contents	Genus index	Protected species index	Invasive species index

The order Myrtales is believed to have originated about 100 million years ago in either southeast Africa or Australasia. It contains the New York plant families Onagraceae (willowherb or evening primrose family), Lythraceae (loosestrife or pomegranate family), and Melastomataceae, which contains just two species found in New York.

Order	Family	Subfamily	Tribe	Genera	G	T
Myrtales	Onagraceae	Ludwigioideae	—	Ludwigia (primrose willow)	1	5
		Onagroideae	Circaeeae	Circaea (enchanter's nightshade)	1	3
			Epilobieae	Chamerion (fireweed) Epilobium (willow herb)	2	10
			Onagreae	Gaura (bee blossom) Oenothera (evening primrose)	2	17
	Lythraceae	Lagerstroemioideae	—	Trapa (water chestnut)	1	1
		Punicoideae	—	Cuphea (waxweed) Rotala (toothcup)	2	2
		Lythroideae	—	Decodon (water willow) Lythrum (loosestrife)	2	5
	Melastomataceae	Melastomatoideae	Melastomateae	Rhexia (meadow beauty)	1	2

Family Onagraceae

The Onagraceae (willowherb or evening primrose family)...

Subfamily Ludwigioideae

Ludwigia

Ludwigia sect. Isnardia

Myrtales — Onagraceae — Ludwigioideae — Ludwigia sect. Isnardia
Ludwigia sect. Isnardia	Primrose-willow	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Ludwigia palustris (L.) Elliott 1753. Isnardia palustris L. 1803. Ludwigia nitida Michx. 1813. I. nitida (Michx.) Poir. 1817. L. palustris (L.) Elliott 1935. L. palustris var. americana 1836. I. ascendens J.Hall	Water purslane, Marsh seedbox, Marsh primrose-willow, Marsh purslane, Water false loosestrife Ludwigie palustre, Ludwigie des marais	Native, C:4, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb, Sun			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT Can ARS ITIS Trop. NSE BNA Images, wsp
Ludwigia sect. Isnardia (excluded taxa)	Primrose-willow	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Ludwigia polycarpa Short & R.Peter	Many-fruit seedbox	N. America native, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD Can Images, wsp

Ludwigia sect. Ludwigia

Myrtales — Onagraceae — Ludwigioideae — Ludwigia sect. Ludwigia
Ludwigia sect. Ludwigia	Primrose-willow	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Ludwigia alternifolia L. 1753. Ludwigia alternifolia L. 1828. Isnardia alternifolia (L.) DC.	Bushy seedbox, Rattlebox, Seedbox, Square-pod water-primrose Ludwigie à feuilles alternes	Native, C:6, Likely secure OBL-FACW Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-4 USDA-NN NPT Can ARS Trop. Images, wsp

Ludwigia sect. Microcarpium

Myrtales — Onagraceae — Ludwigioideae — Ludwigia sect. Microcarpium
Ludwigia sect. Microcarpium	Primrose-willow	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Ludwigia sphaerocarpa Elliott 1817. Ludwigia sphaerocarpa Elliott 1828. Isnardia sphaerocarpa (Elliott) DC. 1935. L. sphaerocarpa var. deamii 1935. L. sphaerocarpa var. jungens 1935. L. sphaerocarpa var. macrocarpa	Globe-fruited false-loosestrife, Globefruit primrose-willow, Round-pod water-primrose	Native, C:9, Threatened OBL Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-2 USDA-N0 ITIS Trop. Images, wsp

Ludwigia sect. Oligospermum

Myrtales — Onagraceae — Ludwigioideae — Ludwigia sect. Oligospermum
Ludwigia sect. Oligospermum	Primrose-willow	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Ludwigia hexapetala (Hook. & Arn.) Zardini, H.Y.Gu & P.H.Raven 1833. Jussiaea hexapetala Hook. & Arn. 1991. L. hexapetala (Hook. & Arn.) Zardini, H.Y.Gu & P.H.Raven 2000. L. grandiflora ssp. hexapetala 2012. L. grandiflora var. hexapetala auct. L. uruguayensis pp. non (Cambess.) H.Hara	Common water-primrose, Uruguayan primrose-willow, Uraguay waterprimrose, Water-primrose, Large-flower primrose-willow	Introduced from South America, Southern U.S., Very highly invasive, NYIS: 88%^[1], Prohibited^[2] OBL Perennial, Herb-subshrub			NYFA-X USDA-X0 NEW-0 ARS ITIS Trop. CABI Images, wsp
Ludwigia peploides (Kunth) P.H.Raven ssp. glabrescens 1963. L. peploides var. glabrescens 1866. Jussiaea repens var. peploides auct. Jussiaea diffusa	Floating primrose-willow, Floating seedbox, Clovestrip, Creeping water-primrose	Introduced from South America, Southern U.S., Very highly invasive, NYIS: 89%^[3], Prohibited^[2] OBL Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-1? USDA-N0 ARS ITIS Trop. CABI Images, wsp
Ludwigia sect. Oligospermum (excluded taxa)	Primrose-willow	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Ludwigia grandiflora (Michx.) Greuter & Burdet 1830. Jussiaea uruguayensis Cambess. 1953. L. uruguayensis (Cambess.) H. Hara 1987. L. grandiflora (Michx.) Greuter & Burdet	Large-flower primrose-willow	Introduced from South America, Southern U.S., N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD USDA-X ARS CABI Images, wsp
Ludwigia peploides ssp. peploides	Floating primrose-willow Water primrose	N. America native southwest, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD USDA-N0 CABI Images, wsp
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Ludwigia peploides: Very high (88). 1 2 New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Regulation 6 NYCRR Part 575 Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Species ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Ludwigia peploides: Very high (89).

Subfamily Onagroideae

Tribe Circaeeae

Circaea

Circaea (Enchanter's-nightshade) ^[1]

Myrtales — Onagraceae — Onagroideae — Circaeeae — Circaea
Circaea	Enchanter's-nightshade	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Circaea canadensis (L.) Hill 1753. C. lutetiana var. canadensis 1756. C. latifolia Hill (i) 1765. C. canadensis (L.) Hill 1870. C. lutetiana ssp. canadensis 1939. C. quadrisulcata var. canadensis 1945. C. canadensis var. virginiana 1982. C. quadrisulcata ssp. canadensis 2005. C. canadensis ssp. canadensis	Eastern enchanter's nightshade, Broadleaf enchanter's nightshade, Broad-leaved enchanter's nightshade, Canada enchanter's nightshade Circée du Canada, Circée de Lutèce	Native, C:5, Secure FACU Perennial, Herb-forb, Part shade			NYFA-5 USDA-N NPT Can ARS ITIS Trop. LBJ Images, wsp
Circaea alpina L. ssp. alpina 1753. Circaea alpina L. 1841. C. lutetiana var. alpina 1898. C. lutetiana ssp. alpina 1912. C. caulescens race alpina 1934. C. caulescens var. glabra 1934. C. caulescens var. rosulata 1934. C. caulescens fo. ramosissima	Dwarf enchanter's nightshade, Northern enchanter's nightshade, Small enchanter's nightshade Circée alpine, Circée des Alpes	Native, C:8, Secure FACW Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-5 USDA-N NPT Can ITIS Trop. BNA LBJ Images, wsp
Circaea × sterilis Boufford Circaea alpina × Circaea canadensis 2005. Circaea ×‌ sterilis Boufford auct. C. × intermedia non Ehrh. auct. C. canadensis sensu Fernald	Sterile enchanter's-nightshade Intermediate enchanter's nightshade Circée de Fernald Circée intermédiaire	Native, Threatened			NYFA-2 USDA-N NPT Can Trop. NSE BNA Images, wsp
Circaea (excluded taxa)	Enchanter's-nightshade	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Circaea × intermedia Ehrh. (pro. sp.) Circaea alpina ssp. alpina × Circaea lutetiana 1789. Circaea intermedia Ehrh. 1806. C. lutetiana var. intermedia 1828. C. alpina var. intermedia 1901. C. lutetiana ssp. intermedia auct. C. canadensis sensu Fernald	Intermediate enchanter's-nightshade Enchanter's-nightshade	N. America native, N.Y. excluded FACU			NYFA-XCLD USDA-NN Images, wsp
↑ David Edward Boufford (2005) "Circaea lutetiana sensu lato (Onagraceae) reconsidered." Harvard Papers in Botany 9(2):255-256.

Tribe Epilobieae

The Epilobieae comprise the fireweeds and willowherbs, which roughly correspond to the sister genera Chamaenerion and Epilobium, respectively. Differences between these two genera include:

Characteristic	Chamaenerion (fireweed)	Epilobium (willowherb)
Leaf arrangement	spiral	mostly opposite
Flower symmetry	zygomorphic (bilateral)	mostly radial
Floral tube	absent	present
Notch in the petals	absent	present

Chamaenerion

Myrtales — Onagraceae — Onagroideae — Epilobieae — Chamaenerion
Chamaenerion	Fireweed	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop. ssp. circumvagum (Mosquin) Moldenke 1847. Epilobium angustifolium var. canescens Alph. Wood 1966. Epilobium angustifolium ssp. circumvagum 1973. Chamaenerion angustifolium ssp. circumvagum 1999. Chamerion angustifolium ssp. circumvagum	Fireweed Narrow-leaved fireweed Wandering fireweed Épilobe vagabond	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT Can ARS ITIS Trop. Images, wsp
Chamaenerion (excluded taxa)	Fireweed	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop. ssp. angustifolium 1753. Epilobium angustifolium L. 1771. Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop. 1778. Epilobium spicatum Lam. 1821. Chamaenerion spicatum (Lam.) Gray 1916. Pyrogennema angustifolium (L.) Lunell 1972. Chamerion angustifolium (L.) Holub	Fireweed Narrow-leaved fireweed Épilobe à feuilles étroites Herbe-à-feu Asperge Bouquets rouges Épilobe en épi	N. America native, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD Can ARS Images, wsp

Epilobium

Plants of the genus Epilobium often go by the common name willowherb because of their willow-shaped leaves and herbaceous habits.

Myrtales — Onagraceae — Onagroideae — Epilobieae — Epilobium
Epilobium sect. Epilobium	Willowherb	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Epilobium coloratum Biehler 1807. Epilobium coloratum Biehler	Eastern willow-herb, Purpleleaf willowherb, Purple-veined willowherb, Cinnamon willow-herb, Willowweed Épilobe coloré	Native, C:2, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT Can ITIS Trop. Images, wsp
Epilobium ciliatum Raf. ssp. ciliatum 1808. Epilobium ciliatum Raf. 1879. E. adenocaulon Hausskn. 1879. E. chilense Hausskn. 1879. E. valdiviense Hausskn.	Fringed willow-herb, Northern willow-herb, Hairy willow-herb, American willow-herb, Coast willowweed Épilobe cilié	Native, C:3, Secure FACW-FAC Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT Can ARS ITIS Trop. Images, wsp
Epilobium × wisconsinense Ugente E. ciliatum ssp. ciliatum × E. coloratum E. × wisconsinense Ugente	Wisconsin hybrid willow-herb, Wisconsin willow-herb, Hybrid of Fringed willow-herb & Eastern willow-herb Épilobe du Wisconsin	Native, unranked Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-U USDA-NN Can ITIS Images, wsp
Epilobium leptophyllum Raf. 1813. E. rosmarinifolium Pursh 1814. E. leptophyllum Raf. 1918. E. densum var. nesophilum 1925. E. nesophilum Fernald 1966. E. palustre var. sabulonense 1988. E. palustre var. gracile	Bog willowherb, Linearleaf willowherb, Linear-leaved willow-herb, Narrow-leaved willowherb Épilobe leptophylle, Épilobe à feuilles étroites	Native, C:7, Secure OBL-FACW Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT Can ITIS Trop. Images, wsp
Epilobium strictum Muhl. ex Spreng. 1813. Epilobium strictum Muhl. 1814. E. densum Raf. 1825. E. strictum Muhl. ex Spreng.	Downy willow-herb, Northeastern willowherb, Soft willowherb Épilobe dressé, Épilobe étroite	Native, C:8, Secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT Can ITIS Images, wsp
Epilobium palustre L. 1753. Epilobium palustre L. 1771. Chamaenerion palustre Scop. 1803. E. oliganthum Michx. 1813. E. lineare Muhl. illeg. 1900. E. wyomingense A.Nelson 1925. E. pylaieanum Fernald	Marsh willow-herb, Swamp willowherb Épilobe palustre, Épilobe des marais	Native, C:7, Likely secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-4 USDA-NN NPT Can ARS Trop. Images, wsp
Epilobium hornemannii Rchb. ssp. hornemannii 1810. E. nutans Hornem. illeg. 1824. E. hornemannii Rchb. 1827. E. alpinum var. nutans 1879. E. bongardii Hausskn. 1887. E. alsineifolium var. hornemannii 1900. E. foucaudianum H.Lév. 1918. E. steckerianum Fernald	Hornemann's willowherb, Alpine willow-herb Épilobe de Hornemann, Épilobe d'Hornemann	Native, C:10, Endangered, NYNHP: 1^[1] FACW Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-1 USDA-NN NPT Can ARS ITIS Trop. NSE IPN Images, wsp
Epilobium hirsutum L. 1753. Epilobium hirsutum L.	Great hairy willow-herb Great willow-herb Hairy willow herb Hairy willowherb Hairy willow-herb Hairy willow-weed Codlins and cream Fireweed Willow-herb Épilobe hirsute Épilobe hérissé	Introduced from Eurasia, Africa, Invasive, NYIS: 63%^[2] FACW Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT Can ARS ITIS Trop. Images, wsp
Epilobium parviflorum Schreb. 1771. Chamaenerion parviflorum Schreb. 1771. E. parviflorum Schreb. 1778. E. molle Lam. non Torr.	Smallflower hairy willowherb, Hoary willowherb Épilobe à petites fleurs	Introduced from Eurasia, northern Africa OBL-FACW Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT Can ARS ITIS Trop. NSE Images, wsp
Epilobium sect. Epilobium (excluded taxa)	Willowherb	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Epilobium ciliatum Raf. ssp. glandulosum (Lehm.) Hoch & P.H.Raven E. glandulosum Lehm. E. glandulosum var. cardiophyllum Fernald E. ciliatum ssp. glandulosum	Glandualar willowherb Fringed willowherb American willowherb Épilobe glanduleux Épilobe glanduleuse	N. America native, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD USDA-NN NPT Can ARS IPN Images, wsp
Epilobium anagallidifolium Lam. 1753. E. alpinum L. (i) 1786. E. anagallidifolium Lam. 1906. E. dielsii H.Lév. 1911. E. nakahararum Nakai (i)	Pimpernel willowherb Pimpernel willow-herb Alpine willowherb Alpine willowweed Épilobe à feuilles de mouron Épilobe à feuilles d'anagallide	N. America native, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD USDA-NN NPT Can ITIS Trop. Images, wsp
↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2016. Online Conservation Guide for Epilobium hornemannii ssp. hornemannii. Endangered, S1/G5T5. ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Epilobium hirsutum: High (63). M.J.Jordan, G.Moore & T.W.Weldy (2008). Invasiveness ranking system for non-native plants of New York. Unpublished. The Nature Conservancy, Albany & Cold Spring Harbor, NY; Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, NY.

Tribe Onagreae

Oenothera

Oenothera is represented by about 16 species of sundrops and evening primroses in New York. Here it is broken down into sections and subsections, according to the Database of Vascular Plants of Canada (VASCAN).

Oenothera sect. Kneiffia

Myrtales — Onagraceae — Onagroideae — Onagreae — Oenothera sect. Kneiffia
Oenothera sect. Kneiffia	Sundrops	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Oenothera perennis L. 1759. Oenothera perennis L. 1762. Oenothera pumila L. 1835. Kneiffia pumila (L.) Spach 1836. Oenothera gracilis Schrad. ex Fisch. & C.A.Mey. 1919. Kneiffia perennis (L.) Pennell	Small sundrops, Little evening primrose, Perennial evening primrose, Perennial sundrops, Small evening primrose, Sundrops Onagre vivace, Onagre pérennante	Native, C:2, Secure FAC Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT Can ARS ITIS Trop. Images, wsp
Oenothera fruticosa L. ssp. tetragona (Roth) W.L. Wagner 1800. Oenothera tetragona Roth 1803. Oenothera glauca Michx. 1835. Kneiffia glauca (Michx.) Spach 1919. Kneiffia tetragona (Roth) Pennell 2014. O. fruticosa ssp. tetragona	Northern sundrops, Shrubby evening primrose, Narrow-leaved sundrops, Narrowleaf evening primrose Onagre tétragone	Native, C:10, Likely secure FAC-FACU Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-4 USDA-NN NPT Can ARS ITIS Trop. BNA LBJ Images, wsp
Oenothera fruticosa L. (1753) ssp. fruticosa 1753. Oenothera fruticosa L. 1835. Kneiffia suffruticosa Spach (i) 1893. K. fruticosa (L.) Spach ex Raim.	Southern sundrops, Narrow-leaved sundrops, Narrowleaf evening primrose	Native, C:7, Vulnerable FAC-FACU Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-3? USDA-N0 ARS ITIS Trop. BNA LBJ Images, wsp
Oenothera pilosella Raf. ssp. pilosella 1820. Oenothera pilosella Raf. 1894. Kneiffia fruticosa var. pilosella 1903. Kneiffia pratensis Small 1908. Oenothera pratensis B.L.Rob.	Prairie sundrops, Meadow sundrops, Meadow evening primrose, Prairie evening primrose, Pilose evening primrose, Finely-pilose evening primrose Onagre piloselle	Native, C:2, Unranked FAC Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-U USDA-NN NPT Can ITIS BNA LBJ Images, wsp

Oenothera sect. Oenothera subsect. Oenothera

Oenothera biennis
common evening-primrose

Myrtales — Onagraceae — Onagroideae — Onagreae — Oenothera sect. Oenothera subsect. Oenothera
Oenothera sect. Oenothera subsect. Oenothera	Evening-primrose	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Oenothera biennis L. 1753. Oenothera biennis L. 1767. Oenothera muricata L. 1771. Onagra biennis (L.) Scop. 1794. Onagra muricata (L.) Moench 1913. Oenothera pycnocarpa G.F.Atk.& Bartlett	Common evening-primrose Yellow evening-primrose Hoary evening-primrose Wild evening-primrose German rampion Candlestick Onagre bisannuelle Herbe aux ânes Onagre de Victorin	Native, C:1, Secure Biennial, Herb			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT Can ARS ITIS Trop. Images, wsp
Oenothera parviflora L. 1759. Oenothera parviflora L. 1832. O. cruciata Nutt. ex G. Don 1840. O. biennis var. parviflora 1913. O. angustissima R.R.Gates 1914. O. atrovirens Shull & Bartlett 1924. O. parviflora var. angustissima 1965. O. parviflora ssp. angustissima 1971. O. lipsiensis Rostanski & Gutte	Small-flowered evening-primrose Northern evening-primrose Least evening primrose	Native, C:0, Secure Biennial, Herb			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT Can ARS Trop. BNA Images, wsp
Oenothera oakesiana (A. Gray) J.W.Robbins ex S.Watson & J.M.Coult. 1867. Oenothera biennis var. oakesiana A.Gray 1890. Oenothera oakesiana (A.Gray) J.W.Robbins ex 1894. Onagra oakesiana (A.Gray) Britton 1949. Oenothera parviflora var. oakesiana (A.Gray) Fernald	Oakes' evening primrose Oakes' evening-primrose Onagre d'Oakes	Native, C:1, Threatened			NYFA-2 USDA-NN ARS Images, wsp
Oenothera glazioviana	Redsepal evening-primrose, Showy evening-primrose	Introduced, Not naturalized Biennial, Herb			NYFA-Xm USDA-XX NPT Images, wsp
Oenothera villosa Thunb. ssp. villosa	Hairy evening-primrose	Introduced, N. America native, Unk. naturalization Biennial, Herb			NYFA-Xu USDA-NN Images, wsp
Oenothera sect. Oenothera subsect. Oenothera (excluded taxa)	Evening-primrose	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Oenothera elata Kunth ssp. hirsutissima (A.Gray ex S.Watson) W.Dietr. 1873. Oe. biennis var. hirsutissima 1983. Oe. elata ssp. hirsutissima	Hooker's evening primrose	N. America native western N. America, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD USDA-N0 Can ARS Images, wsp
Oenothera grandiflora LʼHér. 1789. Oenothera grandiflora LʼHér. 1828. Oenothera lamarckiana Ser.	Largeflower evening primrose	N. America native southeast, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD USDA-NX Images, wsp

Oenothera sect. Oenothera subsect. Raimannia

Myrtales — Onagraceae — Onagroideae — Onagreae — Oenothera sect. Oenothera subsect. Raimannia
Oenothera sect. Oenothera subsect. Raimannia	Evening-primrose	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Oenothera laciniata Hill (1767)	Cutleaf evening primrose, Cut-leaf evening-primrose, Cut-leaved evening-primrose	Native, C:1, Endangered			NYFA-1 USDA-NX ARS Images, wsp
Oenothera grandis Smyth 1899. Oenothera grandis Smyth	Showy evening-primrose	Native, C:10, Unranked			NYFA-U USDA-NN NEW-0 ARS Trop. BNA Images, wsp

Oenothera sect. Oenothera subsect. Candela

Myrtales — Onagraceae — Onagroideae — Onagreae — Oenothera sect. Oenothera subsect. Candela
Oenothera sect. Oenothera subsect. Candela	Evening-primrose	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Oenothera clelandii W.Dietr., P.H.Raven & W.L.Wagner	Cleland's evening-primrose	Introduced			NYFA-X Images, wsp
Oenothera sect. Oenothera subsect. Candela (excluded taxa)	Evening-primrose	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Oenothera rhombipetala Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray	Fourpoint evening-primrose, Four-point evening-primrose	N. America native, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD ARS ITIS Images, wsp

Oenothera sect. Kleinia

Myrtales — Onagraceae — Onagroideae — Onagreae — Oenothera sect. Kleinia
Oenothera sect. Kleinia	Evening-primrose	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Oenothera albicaulis Pursh 1813. Oenothera albicaulis Pursh 1835. Agnora pinnatifida (Nutt.) Spach 1894. Anogra albicaulis (Pursh) Britton	White-stemmed evening primrose, Whitest evening-primrose, Prairie evening-primrose	Introduced from western US, N. America native Annual, Herb-forb			NYFA-X USDA-N0 NEW-0 Can-0 ARS Trop. BNA Images, wsp

Oenothera sect. Lavauxia

Myrtales — Onagraceae — Onagroideae — Onagreae — Oenothera sect. Lavauxia
Oenothera sect. Lavauxia subsect. Lavauxia	Evening-primrose	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Oenothera triloba	Stemless evening-primrose	Introduced from southern US, N. America native			NYFA-X USDA-N0 Images, wsp

Oenothera sect. Megapterium

Myrtales — Onagraceae — Onagroideae — Onagreae — Oenothera sect. Megapterium
Oenothera sect. Megapterium	Sundrops	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Oenothera macrocarpa Nutt. 1813. Oenothera macrocarpa Nutt. 1813. Oenothera missouriensis Sims	Ozark sundrops	Introduced, N. America native, No reports			NYFA-X USDA-N0 ARS NSE BNA Images, wsp

Oenothera sect. Hartmannia

Myrtales — Onagraceae — Onagroideae — Onagreae — Oenothera sect. Hartmannia
Oenothera sect. Hartmannia	Primrose	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Oenothera speciosa	Showy primrose	Introduced, N. America native, No reports			NYFA-X NEW-0 ARS NSE BNA Images, wsp

Oenothera, sect. Gaura

Most of the genus Gaura was transferred to Oenothera sect. Gaura in 2007.^[1]

Myrtales — Onagraceae — Onagroideae — Onagreae — Oenothera sect. Gaura
Oenothera sect. Gaura subsect. Gaura	Beeblossom	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Oenothera gaura W.L.Wagner & Hoch 1753. Gaura biennis L. 2007. Oenothera gaura W.L.Wagner & Hoch	Biennial beeblossom, Biennial gaura Gaura bisannuel, Gaura bisannuelle	Introduced, N. America native			NYFA-X USDA-NN NPT ARS ITIS BNA Images, wsp
Oenothera filiformis (Small) W.L.Wagner & Hoch 1835. Gaura longiflora Spach 1840. Gaura biennis var. pitcheri 1898. Gaura filiformis Small 2007. Oenothera filiformis W.L.Wagner & Hoch	Longflower beeblossom, Long-flowered gaura, Large-flower gaura Gaura à fleurs longues	Introduced from Midwest, N. America native			NYFA-0 USDA-NN NPT Can ARS ITIS Trop. IPN Images, wsp
Oenothera sect. Gaura subsect. Campogaura	Beeblossom	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Oenothera suffrutescens (Ser.) W.L.Wagner & Hoch 1813. Gaura coccinea Nutt. ex Pursh 1816. Gaura odorata Sessé ex Lag. 1828. Gaura suffrutescens Ser. 2007. Oenothera suffrutescens W.L.Wagner & Hoch	Scarlet beeblossom, Scarlet gaura, Scarlet butterfly plant, Wild honeysuckle Gaura écarlate	Introduced from western N. America, N. America native, Impersistent, Not naturalized Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-Xm USDA-NN NEW-0 Can ARS BNA LBJ Images, wsp
Oenothera sect. Gaura subsect. Stipogaura (excluded taxa)	Beeblossom	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Oenothera sinuosa W.L.Wagner & Hoch 1828. Gaura sinuata Nutt. ex Ser. 2007. O. sinuosa W.L.Wagner & Hoch	Wavyleaf beeblossom Wavyleaf gaura	N. America native southern U.S. Mexico, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD USDA-N0 ARS ITIS Images, wsp
↑ Warren L. Wagner, P. C. Hoch, P. H. Raven (2007) "Revised Classification of the Onagraceae." Systematic Botany Monographs, 83: 1-240

Camissonia

Myrtales — Onagraceae — Onagroideae — Onagreae — Camissonia
Camissonia Link (excluded taxa)	Sundrops	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Camissonia contorta (Douglas) Kearney 1832. Oenothera contorta Douglas (i) 1894. C. contorta (Douglas) Kearney	Plains evening primrose	N. America native western N.Am., N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD USDA-NN ARS Images, wsp

Family Lythraceae

The Lythraceae (loosestrife or pomegranate family)...^[1]^[2]

Subfamily Lagerstroemioideae

Trapa

Myrtales — Lythraceae — Lagerstroemioideae — Trapa
Trapa	Water chestnut	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Trapa natans L. 1753. Trapa natans L. 1815. Trapa bispinosa Roxb. 1897. Trapa natans var. bispinosa	Water chestnut, European water chestnut, Water caltrop, Singhara nut, Jesuit's-nut Châtaigne d'eau, Macre	Introduced from Eurasia, Africa, Very highly invasive, NYIS: 82%^[3], NE-1^[4] Annual, Herb-forb			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT Can ARS ITIS Trop. Images, wsp
↑ Lythraceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York. ↑ Shirley A. Graham, Jocelyn Hall, Kenneth Sytsma, Su-hua Shi (2005) Phylogenetic Analysis of the Lythraceae based on four gene regions and morphology. Int. J. Plant Sci. 166(6):995–1017. 2005 ↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Trapa natans: Very high (82). ↑ Category 1 Plants - highly invasive - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service

Subfamily Punicoideae

Cuphea

Cuphea viscosissima
clammy waxweed

Myrtales — Lythraceae — Punicoideae — Cuphea
Cuphea	Waxweed	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Cuphea viscosissima Jacq. 1753. Lythrum petiolatum L. 1772. Cuphea viscosissima Jacq. 1881. Cuphea petiolata (L.) Koehne 1894. Parsonsia petiolata (L.) Rusby	Blue waxweed, Clammy waxweed, Clammy cuphea, Tarweed Cuphéa visqueux, Cuphéa	Native, C:1, Likely secure FAC-FACU Annual, Herb-forb			NYFA-4 USDA-NX NPT Can ARS ITIS LBJ Images, wsp

Rotala

Myrtales — Lythraceae — Punicoideae — Rotala
Rotala	Rotala	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Rotala ramosior (L.) Koehne	Toothcup, Lowland rotala	Native, C:10, Threatened OBL Annual, Herb-forb			NYFA-2 USDA-NN ITIS Images, wsp

Subfamily Lythroideae

Lythrum salicaria
purple loosestrife

The Lythroideae contains plants commonly known as loosestrife. This includes not only the widespread and highly invasive purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria), but also three loosestrifes that are native to New York.

Decodon

Decodon verticillatus
waterwillow

Waterwillow or swamp loosestrife (Decodon verticillatus) is the only species of this genus. It occasionally forms wet thickets on the edges of lakes and ponds.

Myrtales — Lythraceae — Lythroideae — Decodon
Decodon	Swamp loosestrife	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Decodon verticillatus (L.) Elliott 1753. Lythrum verticillatum L. 1821. D. verticillatus (L.) Elliott 1823. Nesaea verticillata (L.) Kunth	Waterwillow, Swamp loosestrife, Hairy swamp loosestrife, Swamp willowherb, Water oleander, Whorled loosestrife Décodon verticillé, Décodent verticillé	Native, C:7, Secure OBL			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT Can ARS ITIS BNA Images, wsp

Lythrum

Lythrum alatum
winged loosestrife

Myrtales — Lythraceae — Lythroideae — Lythrum
Lythrum	Loosestrife	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Lythrum alatum Pursh var. alatum	Winged loosestrife, Winged lythrum	Native, Secure			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT Images, wsp
Lythrum lineare L.	Narrow loosestrife, Saltmarsh loosestife, Wand lythrum	Native, Endangered			NYFA-1 USDA-N0 NPT Images, wsp
Lythrum salicaria L. 1753. Lythrum salicaria L. 1768. Lythrum tomentosum Mill 1813. L. salicaria var. tomentosum 1828. L. salicaria var. vulgare 1837. L. salicaria var. gracilior	Purple loosestrife, Spiked loosestrife, Bouguet-violet, Purple lythrum	Introduced from Europe, temperate Asia, northern Africa, Very highly invasive, NYIS: 91%^[1], NE-1^[2]			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT Can ARS ITIS Trop. Images, wsp
Lythrum hyssopifolia	Hyssop loosestrife	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-LYHY3 NPT Images, wsp
↑ New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Lythrum salicaria: Very high (91). ↑ Category 1 Plants - highly invasive - Eastern Region invasive plants, ranked by degree of invasiveness as based on information from States (1998) US Forest Service

Family Melastomataceae

Subamily Melastomatoideae

Tribe Melastomateae

Rhexia

Myrtales — Melastomataceae — Melastomatoideae — Melastomateae — Rhexia
Rhexia	Meadowbeauty	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Rhexia virginica L. 1753. Rhexia virginica L.	Virginia meadow-beauty, Handsome Harry	Native, C:10, Likely secure OBL Perennial, Herb-forb, Sun - part shade			NYFA-4 USDA-NN NPT NSE BNA LBJ Images, wsp
Rhexia mariana L. var. mariana 1753. Rhexia mariana L.	Maryland meadow-beauty, Maryland meadowbeauty	Native, C:10, Likely extirpated, Impersistent OBL Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-Zm USDA-N0 ARS Trop. LBJ Images, wsp

← Geraniales Geraniaceae	Flora of New York — Myrtales				→ Crossosomatales, Sapindales
	Table of contents	Genus index	Protected species index	Invasive species index

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[1] New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Ludwigia peploides: Very high (88).

[prohibit-2] 1 2 New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Regulation 6 NYCRR Part 575 Prohibited and Regulated Invasive Species

[3] New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Ludwigia peploides: Very high (89).

[4] David Edward Boufford (2005) "Circaea lutetiana sensu lato (Onagraceae) reconsidered." Harvard Papers in Botany 9(2):255-256.

[5] New York Natural Heritage Program. 2016. Online Conservation Guide for Epilobium hornemannii ssp. hornemannii. Endangered, S1/G5T5.

[6] New York non-native plant invasiveness assessment – Epilobium hirsutum: High (63). M.J.Jordan, G.Moore & T.W.Weldy (2008). Invasiveness ranking system for non-native plants of New York. Unpublished. The Nature Conservancy, Albany & Cold Spring Harbor, NY; Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, NY.

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