Flora of New York/Orchidaceae & Hypoxidaceae

← Dioscoreales & Liliales	Flora of New York — Asparagales (1) Orchidaceae & Hypoxidaceae				→ Asparagales (2) Iridaceae & Asphodelaceae
	Table of contents	Genus index	Protected species index	Invasive species index

Order	P	Family	Subfamily	Tribe	Genera	G	T
Asparagales	1	Orchidaceae	Vanilloideae	Pogonieae	Pogonia (snakemouth orchid) Isotria (fiveleaf orchid)	2	3
			Cypripedioideae	—	Cypripedium (lady's slipper)	1	8
			Epidendroideae	Neottieae	Epipactis (helleborine) Neottia (twayblade)	2	6
				Triphoreae	Triphora (noddingcaps)	1	1
				Arethuseae	Arethusa (dragon's mouth)	2	2
				Malaxideae	Liparis (widelip-orchid) Malaxis (adder's-mouth-orchid)	2	5
				Maxillarieae	Corallorhiza (coralroot) Aplectrum (Adam and Eve)	3	6
				Calypsoeae	Calypso (fairy slipper) Tipularia (cranefly orchid)	2	2
			Orchidoideae	Orchideae	Amerorchis (roundleaf orchis) Coeloglossum (frog-orchid) Galearis (galearis) Platanthera (fringed-orchid)	4	23
			Orchidoideae	Cranichideae	Goodyera (rattlesnake-plantain) Spiranthes (ladies'-tresses)	2	12
		Hypoxidaceae	—	—	Hypoxis (eastern yellow stargrass)	1	1
	2	Iridaceae	Iridoideae	Irideae	Iris (iris)	1	10
			Iridoideae	Sisyrinchieae	Sisyrinchium (blue-eyed grass)	1	7
			Crocoideae	Ixiae	Crocus (crocus)	1	4
		Asphodelaceae	Hemerocallidoieae	Hemerocallideae	Hemerocallis (daylily)	1	2
	3	Ammaryllidaceae	Allioideae	—	Allium (garlic, onion, leek, chives)	1	14
			Amaryllidoideae	Narcisseae	Narcissus (daffodil)	1	4
			Amaryllidoideae	Galantheae	Galanthus (snowdrop) Leucojum (snowflake)	2	3
		Asparagaceae	Scilloideae	Ornithogaleae	Ornithogalum (star-of-Bethlehem)	1	2
			Scilloideae	Hyacintheae	Chionodoxa (glory of the snow) Hyacinthoides (English-bluebell) Muscari (grape-hyacinth) Scilla (squill)	4	5
			Agavoideae	Agaveae	Yucca (Adam's needle) Hosta (plantain lily)	2	4
			Asparagoideae	—	Asparagus (asparagus)	1	1
			Nolinoideae	—	Convallaria (lily-of-the-valley)	1	2
			Nolinoideae	—	Maianthemum (mayflower) Polygonatum (Solomon's-seal)	2	6

The classification scheme used here for the order Asparagales is from P.F. Stevens, (2001-2015). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 14, April 2015. - University of Missouri, St Louis, and Missouri Botanical Garden.

Family Orchidaceae

The Orchidaceae (orchid family) has about 20 genera with close to 70 taxa growing outside of cultivation in New York.^[1]

↑ Orchidaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

Subfamily Vanilloideae

The Vanilloideae ...

Tribe Pogonieae

Pogonia

Pogonia ophioglossoides
rose pogonia

Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Vanilloideae — Pogonieae
Pogonia	Pogonia	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Pogonia ophioglossoides (L.) Ker Gawl. 1753. Arethusa ophioglossoides L. 1816. Pogonia ophioglossoides Ker Gawl. 1921. Pogonia ophioglossoides var. brachypogon Fernald	Rose pogonia, Snakemouth orchid, Snake-mouth orchid Pogonie langue-de-serpent, Pogonie à langue de serpent	Native, Likely secure, CITES II OBL Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-4 USDA-NN NPT Can ITIS FNA Trop. NSE BNA LBJ Images, wsp

Isotria

Isotria verticillata
large whorled pogonia

Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Vanilloideae — Pogonieae
Isotria Raf. (1808)	Fiveleaf orchid	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Isotria verticillata (Muhl. ex Willd.) Raf. 1805. Arethusa verticillata Muhl. ex Willd. 1808. Isotria verticillata Raf. 1818. Pogonia verticillata Nutt.	Large whorled pogonia, Large whorled pogonia orchid, Purple five-leaved orchid, Purple fiveleaf orchid Isotrie verticillée, Grande pogonie verticillée	Native, Vulnerable, DEC-D^[1], CITES II			NYFA-3-4 USDA-NN NPT Can FNA Images, wsp
Isotria medeoloides (Pursh) Raf. Arethusa medeoloides Pogonia affinis Isotria medeoloides	Small whorled pogonia	Native, Endangered, DEC-A^[2]			NYFA-Z USDA-NN Images, wsp
↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (d) Exploitably vulnerable. ↑ New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered.

Subfamily Cypripedioideae

The Cypripedioideae consists of the lady's slipper orchids.

Cypripedium

Cypripedium subg. Cypripedium

Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Cypripedioideae — Cypripedium subg. Cypripedium
Cypripedium subg. Cypripedium sect. Acaulia	Lady's-slipper	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Cypripedium acaule Aiton 1789. Cypripedium acaule Aiton 1789. Fissipes acaulis (Aiton) Small	Pink lady's-slipper, Moccasin flower, Stemless lady’s-slipper Cypripède acaule, Cypripède rose, Sabot de la Vierge	Native, C:5, Likely secure FACW			NYFA-4 USDA-NN NPT ARS FNA NSE BNA Images, wsp
Cypripedium subg. Cypripedium sect. Cypripedium	Lady's-slipper	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. var. makasin (Farw.) Sheviak 1918. C. pubescens var. makasin 1993. C. parviflorum var. makasin	Northern yellow lady's slipper, Greater yellow lady's slipper, Small yellow lady's slipper Cypripède mocassin	Native, Likely secure			NYFA-4 USDA-NN NPT Can FNA Trop. NSE BNA Images, wsp
Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. var. pubescens (Willd.) O.W.Knight 1804. Cypripedium pubescens Willd. 1906. C. parviflorum var. pubescens 1938. C. calceolus var. pubescens	Greater yellow lady's slipper, Large yellow lady's slipper Cypripède pubescent, Cypripède jaune variété à pétales plats	Native, Vulnerable			NYFA-3 USDA-NN NPT Can FNA NSE BNA Images, wsp
Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. var. parviflorum 1791. Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. 1946. C. calceolus var. parviflorum 1968. C. calceolus ssp. parviflorum	Small yellow lady's-slipper	Native, Endangered			NYFA-Z USDA-N0 NPT FNA Trop. NSE BNA Images, wsp
Cypripedium candidum Muhl. ex Willd.	Small white lady's slipper, White lady's slipper	Native, Endangered			NYFA-1 USDA-NN BNA Images, wsp
Cypripedium subg. Cypripedium sect. Cypripedium (excluded taxa)	Lady's-slipper	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Cypripedium calceolus L. 1753. Cypripedium calceolus L.	Eurasian lady's-slipper	Introduced from Eurasia, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD Kew Images, wsp
Cypripedium subg. Cypripedium sect. Arietinum	Lady's-slipper	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Cypripedium arietinum R.Br. 1813. Cypripedium arietinum R.Br. 1905. Criosanthes arietina (R.Br.) House	Ram's head lady's slipper, Ram's head Cypripède tête-de-bélier	Native, Threatened			NYFA-2 USDA-NN NPT ARS FNA BNA Images, wsp

Cypripedium subg. Irapeana

Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Cypripedioideae — Cypripedium subg. Irapeana
Cypripedium subg. Irapeana sect. Obtusiflora	Lady's-slipper	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Cypripedium reginae Walter	Showy lady's-slipper, Pink-and-white lady's-slipper, Queen's lady's-slipper Cypripède royal	Native, Vulnerable FACW			NYFA-3 USDA-NN NPT FNA BNA Images, wsp

Subfamily Epidendroideae

The Epidendroideae.

Tribe Neottieae

Neottia

Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Epidendroideae — Neottieae — Neottia
Neottia Guett. 1750	Twayblade	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Neottia cordata (L.) Rich. 1753. Ophrys cordata L. 1813. Listera cordata (L.) R.Br. 1818. Neottia cordata (L.) Rich. 1825. Distomaea cordata (L.) Spenner 1867. Pollinirhiza cordata (L.) Dulac 1891. Diphryllum cordatum (L.) Kuntze	Broadlipped twayblade, Heart-leaved twayblade Listère à feuilles cordées, Listère à feuilles en coeur	Native, Vulnerable			NYFA-3-4 USDA-NN NPT Can ITIS FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Neottia bifolia (Raf.) Baumbach 1840. Listera australis Lindl. 1852. Neottia australis (Lindl.) Rchb.f. 1891. Diphryllum australe Kuntze 1905. Ophrys australis (Lindl.) House 1913. Bifolium australe (Lindl.) Nieuwl. 2009. Neottia bifolia (Raf.) Baumbach	Southern twayblade Listère australe	Native, Endangered			NYFA-1-2 USDA-NN NPT Can ITIS FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Neottia auriculata (Wiegand) Szlach. 1899. Listera auriculata Wiegand 1905. Ophrys auriculata House 1913. Bifolium auriculatum Nieuwl. 1995. Neottia auriculata Szlach.	Auricled twayblade Listère auriculée	Native, Endangered, NYNHP: 1^[1]			NYFA-1 USDA-NN NPT Can FNA Trop. IPN Images, wsp
Neottia convallarioides (Sw.) Rich. 1800. Epipactis convallarioides Sw. 1817. Neottia convallarioides Rich. 1818. Listera convallarioides Nutt. 1823. L. convallarioides Nutt. ex Elliott 1905. Ophrys convallarioides W.Wight ex House 1828. L. eschscholziana Cham. & Schltdl. 1840. Neottia eschscholziana Steud.	Broad-leaved twayblade, Broad-lip twayblade Listère faux-muguet	Native, Endangered, NYNHP: 1^[2]			NYFA-1 USDA-NN NPT Can ITIS FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Neottia × veltmanii (Case) Baumbach Neottia auriculata × Neottia convallarioides 1964. Listera × veltmanii Case 2009. Neottia × veltmanii Baumbach	Veltman's twayblade, Veltman's listera, Hybrid of Auricled twayblade & Broad-leaved twayblade Listère de Veltman	Native, No reports Perennial			USDA-NN NPT Can ITIS Images, wsp
↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2016. Online Conservation Guide for Listera auriculata. Endangered, S1/G3G4. ↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2016. Online Conservation Guide for Listera convallarioides. Endangered, S1/G5.

Epipactis

Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz
helleborine, weed orchid

Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Epidendroideae — Neottieae — Epipactis
Epipactis	Helleborine	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz	Broad-leaved helleborine, Eastern helleborine, Helleborine, Weed orchid	Introduced			NYFA-X USDA-XX NPT ITIS FNA Images, wsp
Epipactis palustris (L.) Crantz	Marsh orchid	Introduced, Impersistent			NYFA-Xm USDA-00 ITIS Images, wsp

Tribe Triphoreae

Triphora

Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Epidendroideae — Triphoreae — Triphora
Triphora	Noddingcaps	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Triphora trianthophora ssp. trianthophora	Nodding pogonia, Threebirds	Native, Threatened			NYFA-2 USDA-NN Images, wsp

Tribe Arethuseae

Calopogon

Calopogon tuberosus
grass pink

Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Epidendroideae — Arethuseae — Calopogon
Calopogon	Grass pink	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	1 NPT
Calopogon tuberosus (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. var. tuberosus 1753. Limodorum tuberosum L. 1796. Limodorum pulchellum Salisb. 1813. Calopogon pulchellus R.Br. 1888. Calopogon tuberosus BSP	Grass pink, Tuberous grass-pink, Swamp pink Calopogon tubéreux,, Calopogon gracieux	Native, Likely secure FACW-OBL Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-4 USDA-NN NPT FNA Trop. Images, wsp

Arethusa

Arethusa is currently a monotypic species.

Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Epidendroideae — Arethuseae — Arethusa
Arethusa	Dragon's mouth	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Arethusa bulbosa L. 1753. Arethusa bulbosa L.	Dragon's mouth, Swamp pink Aréthuse bulbeuse	Native, Threatened OBL Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-2 USDA-NN NPT Can ITIS FNA Trop. Images, wsp

Tribe Malaxideae

Liparis

Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Epidendroideae — Malaxideae — Liparis
Liparis	Wide-lip orchid	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Liparis loeselii (L.) Rich. 1753. Ophrys loeselii L. 1815. Malaxis correana W.P.C.Barton 1817. Liparis loeselii (L.) Rich.	Loesel's twayblade, Fen orchid, Fen orchis, Bog twayblade, Yellow wide-lip orchid Liparis de Loesel, Liparide de Loesel	Native, Likely secure			NYFA-4 USDA-NN Can FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Liparis liliifolia (L.) Rich. ex Lindl. 1753. Ophrys liliifolia L. 1800. Malaxis liliifolia Sw. 1825. Liparis liliifolia (L.) Rich.	Brown widelip orchid, Lily-leaved twayblade, Purple twayblade, Large twayblade, Mauve sleekwort Liparis à feuilles de lis	Native, Endangered			NYFA-1 USDA-NN Can FNA Trop. Images, wsp

Malaxis

Malaxis monophyllos
adder’s-mouth leaf

Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Epidendroideae — Malaxideae — Malaxis
Malaxis Sol. ex Sw. (1788)	Adder's-mouth orchid	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Malaxis unifolia Michx. 1803. Malaxis unifolia Michx. 1808. Achroanthes unifolia (Michx.) Raf. 1888. Microstylis unifolia (Michx.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.	Green adder's-mouth Malaxis unifolié	Native, C:8, Likely secure			NYFA-4 USDA-NN NPT FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Malaxis monophyllos (L.) Sw. var. brachypoda (A.Gray) F. Morris & E.A.Eames 1833. Microstylis brachypoda A. Gray 1926. Malaxis brachypoda (A. Gray) Fernald 1929. Malaxis monophyllos var. brachypoda (A.Gray) F. Morris & E.A.Eames 1969. Malaxis monophyllos ssp. brachypoda 2006. Microstylis monophyllos ssp. brachypoda	North American white adder’s-mouth, White adder's-mouth orchid	Native, C:10, Likely secure			NYFA-4 USDA-NN NPT ITIS FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Malaxis bayardii Fernald 1936. Malaxis bayardii Fernald	Bayard's adder's-mouth orchid, Appalachian adder's-mouth orchid, Bayard’s malaxis Malaxis de Bayard	Native, C:10, Endangered, NYNHP: 1^[1]			NYFA-1 USDA-NN NPT Can FNA Trop. NSE BNA IPN LBJ Red Images, wsp
Malaxis (excluded taxa)	Adder's-mouth orchid	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Malaxis monophyllos (L.) Sw. var. monophyllos 1753. Ophrys monophyllos L. 1800. Malaxis monophyllos (L.) Sw. 1828. Malaxis diphyllos Cham. 1830. Microstylis monophyllos (L.) Lindl. 1891. Achroanthes monophylla (L.) Greene 1975. Malaxis monophyllos var. diphyllos (Cham.) Luer	Aleutian adder's-mouth orchid, Eurasian white adder’s-mouth	Introduced from Eurasia, Alaska, BC, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD USDA-NN NPT ITIS FNA Trop. Images, wsp
↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2016. Online Conservation Guide for Malaxis bayardii. Endangered, S1/G1G2.

Tribe Maxillarieae

Corallorhiza

Corallorhiza maculata var. maculata
spotted coralroot

Corallorhiza (coralroot) species are leafless, rootless, mycotrophic orchids.

Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Epidendroideae — Maxillarieae — Corallorhiza
Corallorhiza	Coral root	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Corallorhiza maculata (Raf.) Raf. var. maculata 1817. Corallorhiza maculata (Raf.) Raf. 1823. Corallorhiza multiflora Nutt.	Spotted coralroot, Summer coralroot Corallorhize maculée	Native, C:8, Likely secure Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-4 USDA-NN Can FNA Images, wsp
Corallorhiza maculata (Raf.) Raf. var. occidentalis (Lindl.) Ames 1840. C. multiflora var. occidentalis 1916. C. maculata ssp. occidentalis 1924. C. maculata var. occidentalis	Early spotted coralroot Summer coralroot	Native, C:10, Unranked Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-U USDA-NN FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Corallorhiza trifida Châtel. 1753. Ophrys corallorhiza L. 1760. Corallorhiza trifida Châtel. 1813. Corallorhiza innata R.Br. 1881. C. corallorhiza (L.) H.Karst. 1892. C. corallorhiza (L.) MacMill.	Early coralroot, Northern coral-root	Native, Likely secure			NYFA-4 USDA-NN NPT Trop. Images, wsp
Corallorhiza odontorhiza (Willd.) Poir. var. odontorhiza	Autumn coralroot	Native, Likely secure			NYFA-4 USDA- NPT Can Images, wsp
Corallorhiza odontorhiza (Willd.) Poir. var. pringlei	Pringle's coralroot, Pringle's autumn coralroot	Native, No recent reports			NYFA-Z NPT Can Images, wsp
Corallorhiza striata var. striata	Striped coral-root	Native, Endangered			NYFA-1 NPT Images, wsp

Aplectrum

Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Epidendroideae — Maxillarieae — Aplectrum
Aplectrum	Adam and Eve	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Aplectrum hyemale (Muhl. ex Willd.) Nutt. (1818) Cymbidium hyemale Muhl. ex Willd.	Adam and Eve, Putty root	Native, Endangered			NYFA-1 USDA-NN NPT ITIS FNA Images, wsp

Tribe Calypsoeae

Calypso

Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Epidendroideae — Calypsoeae — Calypso
Calypso	Fairy slipper	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Calypso bulbosa (L.) Oakes var. americana (R.Br.) Luer Cytherea bulbosa (L.) House p.p.	Fairy slipper	Native, C:10, Endangered, No recent reports FACW Perenial, Herb-forb			NYFA-Z USDA-NN NPT FNA Images, wsp
Calypso (excluded taxa)	Fairy slipper	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Calypso bulbosa (L.) Oakes var. bulbosa	Fairy slipper	Introduced from Eurasia, N.Y. excluded Perenial, Herb-forb			NYFA-XCLD USDA-NN FNA LBJ Images, wsp

Tipularia

Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Epidendroideae — Calypsoeae — Tipularia
Tipularia	Tipularia	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Tipularia discolor (Pursh) Nutt.	Cranefly orchid, Crippled cranefly	Native, Endangered			NYFA-1 USDA-N0 Images, wsp

Subfamily Orchidoideae

Tribe Orchideae

Coeloglossum

Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Orchidoideae — Orchideae — Coeloglossum
Coeloglossum	Frog orchid	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Coeloglossum viride (L.) Hartm. 1753. Satyrium viride L. 1820. Coeloglossum viride (L.) Hartm. 1997. Dactylorhiza viridis (L.) R.M. Bateman, Pridgeon & M.W.Chase	Longbract frog orchid, Long-bract green orchis	Native, Likely secure			NYFA-4 USDA-NN NPT FNA LBJ Images, wsp

Galearis

Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Orchidoideae — Orchideae — Galearis
Galearis Raf.	Galearis	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Galearis spectabilis (L.) Raf. 1753. Orchis spectabilis L. 1826. Habenaria spectabilis Spreng. 1833. Galearis spectabilis Raf. 1901. Galeorchis spectabilis Rydb.	Showy orchid, Showy orchis	Native, Likely secure			NYFA-4 USDA-NN NPT ARS ITIS FNA Trop. Images, wsp

Amerorchis

Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Orchidoideae — Orchideae — Amerorchis
Amerorchis	Amerorchis	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Amerorchis rotundifolia (Banks ex Pursh) Hultén 1814. Orchis rotundifolia Banks ex Pursh 1966. Ponerorchis rotundifolia Soó 1968. Amerorchis rotundifolia Hultén 2009. Galearis rotundifolia R.M.Bateman	Round-leaved orchis	Native, Likely extirpated			NYFA-Z USDA-NN NPT ITIS FNA Images, wsp

Platanthera

The grouping used here for the Platanthera species is based primarily on Argue (2012).^[1]

↑ Charles L. Argue (2012) The Pollination Biology of North American Orchids: Volume 1. pp. 81-179.

Platanthera: Limnorchis group

Platanthera dilatata
white bog orchid, bog candle

^[1]

↑ Argue C.L. (2012) Limnorchis Group. In: The Pollination Biology of North American Orchids: Volume 1. pp 87-107. Springer, New York, NY

Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Orchidoideae — Orchideae — Platanthera — Limnorchis group
Platanthera Limnorchis group	Fringed orchid	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Platanthera aquilonis Sheviak 1753. Orchis hyperborea L. s.l.p.p. 1813. Habenaria hyperborea (L.) R.Br. (i) 1835. Platanthera hyperborea (L.) Lindl. (i) 1900. Limnorchis hyperborea (L.) Rydb. (i) 1999. Platanthera aquilonis Sheviak 2008. Limnorchis aquilonis Rebrist. & Elven	Northern green orchid, Tall northern green orchid, North wind bog-orchid, Eagle rein orchid, Sheviak's bog orchid Platanthère du Nord	Native, Likely secure Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-4 USDA-NN NPT Can FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Platanthera dilatata var. dilatata (Pursh) Lindl. ex L.C.Beck 1814. Orchis dilatata Pursh 1825. Habenaria dilatata (Pursh) Hook. 1833. P. dilatata Lindl. ex L.C.Beck 1839. P. dilatata var. angustifolia Hook. 1901. Limnorchis dilatata (Pursh) Rydb.	Bog-candle, Scent-bottle, White bog-orchid, White northern bog-orchid, Tall white bog orchid Platanthère dilatée	Native, Likely secure Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-4 USDA-NN NPT Can ITIS FNA Trop. IPN Images, wsp
Platanthera huronensis (Nutt.) Lindl. 1818. Orchis huronensis Nutt. 1826. P. huronensis (Nutt.) Spreng. 1835. Habenaria huronensis (Nutt.) Lindl. 1901. Limnorchis × media Rydb. 1904. Habenaria × media (Rydb.) G.G.Niles 1923. H. hyperborea var. huronensis Farw. 1975. P. × media (Rydb.) Luer 1975. P. hyperborea var. huronensis Luer	Huron green orchid, Lake Huron green orchid, Lake Huron green bog-orchid, Fragrant green orchid, Intermediate bog orchid, Northern green bog orchid Platanthère du lac Huron	Native, Likely secure			NYFA-4 NPT Can ARS ITIS FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Platanthera aquilonis × dilatata Platanthera aquilonis × Platanthera dilatata	Hybrid of Northern green orchid & Bog-candle	Native, Not reported Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-D Images, wsp
Platanthera dilatata × huronensis Platanthera dilatata × Platanthera huronensis	Hybrid of Bog-candle & Huron green orchid	Native, Not reported Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-D Images, wsp
Platanthera Limnorchis group (excluded taxa)	Fringed orchid	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Platanthera hyperborea (L.) Lindl. 1767. Orchis hyperborea L. 1813. Habenaria hyperborea (L.) R. Br. 1900. Limnorchis hyperborea (L.) Rydb. 1835. Platanthera hyperborea (L.) Lindl.	Northern green orchid	Introduced, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD USDA-00 ARS FNA Trop. Images, wsp

Platanthera: Flava group

Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Orchidoideae — Orchideae — Platanthera — Flava group
Platanthera Flava group	Fringed orchid	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Platanthera flava (L.) Lindl. var. herbiola (R.Br.) Luer 1813. Habenaria herbiola R.Br. 1943. Habenaria flava var. herbiola (R.Br.) Ames & Correll 1975. Platanthera flava var. herbiola (R.Br.) Luer	Palegreen orchid, Pale green orchid, Northern tubercled bog-orchid	Native, Likely secure			NYFA-4 USDA-NN NPT ITIS FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Platanthera Flava group (excluded taxa)	Fringed orchid	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Platanthera flava (L.) Lindl. var. flava Perularia flava (L.) Farw. Platanthera flava (L.) Lindl.	Palegreen orchid	N. America native, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD USDA-NN FNA Images, wsp

Platanthera: Platanthera group

Platanthera obtusata is pollinated by mosquitoes.

Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Orchidoideae — Orchideae — Platanthera — Platanthera group
Platanthera Platanthera group	Fringed orchid	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Platanthera orbiculata (Pursh) Lindl. 1814. Orchis orbiculata Pursh 1826. Habenaria orbiculata Torr. 1835. Platanthera menziesii Lindl. 1835. Platanthera orbiculata Lindl. 1901. Lysias orbiculata (Pursh) Rydb. 1950. Habenaria orbiculata var. lehorsii Fernald 1950. Habenaria orbiculata var. menziesii Fernald 1977. Platanthera orbiculata var. lehorsii W.J.Schrenk	Lesser roundleaved orchid, Lesser roundleaved rein orchid, Small roundleaved orchid, Large round-leaved orchid Platanthère à feuilles orbiculaires, Habénaire à feuilles orbiculaires	Native, Likely secure			NYFA-4? USDA-NN NPT Can ARS ITIS FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Platanthera macrophylla (Goldie) P.M.Brown 1822. Habenaria macrophylla Goldie 1906. Lysias macrophylla House 1929. Habenaria orbiculata fo. macrophylla F.J.A.Morris & E.A.Eames 1967. Habenaria orbiculata var. macrophylla B.Boivin 1975. Platanthera orbiculata var. macrophylla Luer 1988. P. macrophylla P.M.Brown	Greater round-leaved orchid, Large-leaved bog-orchid, Dinner plate orchid, Goldie's round-leaved orchid Platanthère à grandes feuilles, Habénaire à grandes feuilles	Native, Likely secure			NYFA-4? USDA-NN NPT Can ITIS FNA Trop. NSE BNA Images, wsp
Platanthera obtusata (Banks ex Pursh) Lindl. 1814. Orchis obtusata Banks ex Pursh 1823. Habenaria obtusata Richardson 1835. Platanthera obtusata Lindl. 1900. Lysiella obtusata Rydb. 1926. Habenaria obtusata var. collectanea Fernald	Small northern bog-orchid, Blunt-leaved orchid, Blunt-leaved bog-orchid, One-leaved rein orchid Platanthère à feuille obtuse, Habénaire à feuille obtuse	Native, Likely secure			NYFA-4 USDA-NN NPT Can FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Platanthera hookeri (Torr. ex A.Gray) Lindl. 1835. Habenaria hookeri Torr. ex A.Gray 1835. Habenaria hookeriana Lindl.* 1835. Platanthera hookeri Lindl. 1870. Orchis hookeri Alph. Wood 1901. Lysias hookeri Rydb. 1901. Lysias hookeriana * Rydb. 1933. Habenaria hookeri var. abbreviata Fernald 1977. Platanthera hookeri var. abbreviata W.J.Schrenk	Hooker's orchid Platanthère de Hooker, Habénaire de Hooker	Native, Endangered			NYFA-1 USDA-NN NPT Can ITIS FNA Trop. Images, wsp

Platanthera: Lacera group

Platanthera psycodes
lesser purple fringed orchid

Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Orchidoideae — Orchideae — Platanthera — Lacera group
Platanthera Lacera group	Fringed orchid	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Platanthera lacera (Michx.) G.Don 1803. Orchis lacera Michx. 1810. Habenaria lacera R.Br. 1839. Platanthera lacera G.Don 1900. Fimbriella lacera Farw. 1901. Blephariglotis lacera* Farw. 1901. Blephariglottis lacera Farw. 1981. Fimbriella lacera Butzin	Green fringed bog-orchid, Green fringed orchis, Ragged orchis Platanthère lacérée, Habénaire lacérée	Native, Likely secure			NYFA-4 USDA-NN NPT Can FNA Images, wsp
Platanthera psycodes (L.) Lindl. 1753. Orchis psycodes L. 1826. Habenaria psycodes (L.) Spreng. 1835. P. psycodes (L.) Llindl. 1981. Fimbriella psycodes (L.) Butzin	Lesser purple fringed orchid, Lesser purple fringed bog-orchid Platanthère papillon, Habénaire papillon, Habénaire frangée pourpre	Native, Likely secure			NYFA-4 USDA-NN NPT Can FNA Images, wsp
Platanthera grandiflora (Bigelow) Lindl. 1824. Orchis grandiflora Bigelow 1835. P. grandiflora (Bigelow) Lindl. 1840. Habenaria psycodes var. grandiflora	Large purple fringed orchis, Greater purple fringed orchid	Native, Likely secure			NYFA-4 USDA-NN NPT Can ITIS FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Platanthera leucophaea (Nutt.) Lindl. 1835. Orchis leucophaea Nutt. 1835. Platanthera leucophaea Lindl. 1867. Habenaria leucophaea A.Gray	Eastern prairie white fringed orchid, Eastern prairie white fringed bog-orchid	Native, C:10, Endangered, Likely extirpated FACW Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-1 USDA-NN NPT Can ARS ITIS FNA Trop. FWS Images, wsp
Platanthera Lacera group (excluded taxa)	Fringed orchid	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Platanthera peramoena 1840. Habenaria peramoena A.Gray 1848. Platanthera peramoena (A.Gray) A.Gray 1901. Blephariglotis peramoena (A.Gray) Rydb.	Purple fringeless orchid	N. America native, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD USDA-N0 FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Platanthera × andrewsii Platanthera lacera × Platanthera psycodes	Fringed orchid, Hybrid of Green fringed orchis & Lesser purple fringed orchid	Native, Not listed			NYFA-0 USDA-NN Images, wsp
Platanthera × hollandiae P.M.Catling & Brownell Platanthera lacera × Platanthera leucophaea	Fringed orchid, Hybrid of Green fringed orchis & Eastern prairie white fringed orchid	Native, No reports			NYFA-0 USDA-0N Can ITIS Images, wsp
Platanthera × keenanii P.M.Brown Platanthera grandiflora × Platanthera lacera	Hybrid of Large purple fringed orchis & Green fringed bog-orchid	Native, No reports			NYFA-D NPT Images, wsp

Platanthera: Blephariglottis group

Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Orchidoideae — Orchideae — Platanthera — Blephariglottis group
Platanthera Blephariglottis group	Fringed orchid	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Platanthera blephariglottis (Willd.) Lindl. var. blephariglottis 1805. Orchis blephariglottis Willd. 1824. Habenaria blepharoglottis Hook. 1835. Platanthera blephariglottis Lindl. 1836. Blephariglottis albiflora Raf. 1901. Blephariglottis blephariglottis Rydb.	White fringed orchis, White fringed bog orchid Platanthère à gorge frangée, Habénaire à gorge frangée, Habénaire frangée blanche	Native, Likely secure			NYFA-4 USDA-NN NPT Can ITIS FNA Images, wsp
Platanthera clavellata	Small green woodland orchid	Native, Likely secure			NYFA-4 USDA-NN NPT Images, wsp
Platanthera ciliaris (L.) Lindl. 1753. Orchis ciliaris L. 1813. Habenaria ciliaris (L.) R.Br. 1835. Platanthera ciliaris (L.) Lindl. 1901. Blephariglottis ciliaris (L.) Rydb. 1901. Blephariglotis ciliaris (L.) Rydb.*	Yellow fringed orchid, Orange fringed bog orchid Platanthère ciliée, Habénaire ciliée	Native, Endangered FACW Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-1 USDA-NN NPT Can ITIS FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Platanthera cristata	Yellow crested orchis	Native, Endangered			NYFA-1 Images, wsp
Platanthera × bicolor Platanthera blephariglottis × Platanthera ciliaris	Fringed orchid, Hybrid of White fringed orchid & Yellow fringed orchid	Native			Images, wsp
Platanthera × canbyi Platanthera blephariglottis × Platanthera cristata	Fringed orchid, Hybrid of White fringed orchid & Yellow crested orchis	Native			Images, wsp
Platanthera × vossii F.W.Case Platanthera blephariglottis × Platanthera clavellata		Native, No reports			NYFA-D Images, wsp

Tribe Cranichideae

Goodyera

Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Orchidoideae — Cranichideae — Goodyera
Goodyera	Rattlesnake plantain	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Goodyera pubescens (Willd.) R.Br. 1805. Neottia pubescens Willd. 1891. Orchiodes pubescens Kuntze 1892. Peramium pubescens MacMill. 1813. Goodyera pubescens R.Br.	Downy rattlesnake-plantain Goodyérie pubescente	Native, Likely secure			NYFA-4-5 USDA-NN NPT Can FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Goodyera repens (L.) R.Br. 1753. Satyrium repens L. 1813. Goodyera repens (L.) R.Br. 1899. Goodyera repens var. ophioides Fernald 1901. Peramium ophioides Rydb. 1931. Goodyera ophioides Rydb.	Dwarf rattlesnake-plantain, Lesser rattlesnake-plantain Goodyérie rampante	Native, Likely secure			NYFA-4-5 USDA-NN NPT FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Goodyera tesselata Lodd. 1824. Goodyera tesselata Lodd. 1900. Peramium tesselatum A.Heller 1908. Epipactis tesselata A.A.Eaton 1979. Goodyera repens var. tesselata (Lodd.) B.Boivin	Checkered rattlesnake plantain, Tesselated rattlesnake-plantain, Loddiges' rattlesnake-plantain Goodyérie panachée	Native, Likely secure			NYFA-4 USDA-NN NPT Can FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Goodyera oblongifolia Raf. 1833. Goodyera oblongifolia Raf. 1908. Epipactis decipiens Benth. 1923. Goodyera decipiens Hubbard	Western rattlesnake plantain, Giant rattlesnake plantain Goodyérie à feuilles oblongues	Native, Unranked			NYFA-D NPT Images, wsp

Spiranthes

Spiranthes cernua complex

Spiranthes cernua
Nodding ladies'-tresses

Morphologically, the species of the Spiranthes cernua complex are known to be quite variable within species but relatively similar from one species to another. Recent molecular phylogenetic research has redefined this group by moving some species in or out, confirming hybrid origins, and adding newly published species.^[1]

↑ Matthew C. Pace, Kenneth M. Cameron (2017) "The Systematics of the Spiranthes cernua Species Complex (Orchidaceae): Untangling the Gordian Knot," Systematic Botany, American Society of Plant Taxonomists, Vol. 42, No. 4, December 2017, pp. 640-669(30). https://doi.org/10.1600/036364417X696537

Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Orchidoideae — Cranichideae — Spiranthes
Spiranthes	Ladies' tresses	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Spiranthes cernua (L.) Rich. 1753. Ophrys cernua L. 1800. Neottia cernua (L.) Willd. 1817. S. cernua (L.) Rich. 1891. Gyrostachys cernua (L.) Kuntze 1905. Ibidium cernuum (L.) House 1913. Triorchis cernua (L.) Nieuwl.	Nodding lady's tresses, Nodding ladies'-tresses Spiranthe penchée, Spiranthe cernuée	Native, C:2, Likely secure FACW Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-4 USDA-NN NPT Can FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Spiranthes ochroleuca (Rydb.) Rydb. 1901. Gyrostachys ochroleuca Rydb. 1905. Spiranthes cernua var. ochroleuca 1932. Spiranthes ochroleuca Rydb. 1941. Spiranthes × steigeri Correll	Yellow ladies'-tresses Yellow nodding ladies'-tresses Spiranthe jaunâtre	Native, C:7, Secure N. R. Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT Can FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Spiranthes casei Catling & Cruise var. casei 1974. S. casei Catling & Cruise 1981. S. casei var. casei auct. S. × intermedia non Ames auct. S. vernalis non Engelm & A.Gray	Case's ladies'-tresses Spiranthe de Case	Native, C:2, Vulnerable N. R. Perennial, Herb-forb		Clinton, Cortland, Essex, Franklin, Genesee, Hamilton, Herkimer, Jefferson, Lewis, St.Lawrence, Wyoming	NYFA-3-4 USDA-NN NPT Can ITIS FNA Trop. NSE BNA Images, wsp
Spiranthes magnicamporum Sheviak 1973. S. magnicamporum Sheviak	Great Plains ladies'-tresses, Great Plains lady's-tresses	Native, C:8, Endangered, CITES-II FACU Perennial, Herb-forb		Jefferson, St. Lawrence	NYFA-1 USDA-NN FNA NSE BNA LBJ Images, wsp
Spiranthes incurva (Jenn.) M.C.Pace S. cernua s. s. × S. magnicamporum 2017. Spiranthes incurva (Jenn.) M.C.Pace	Sphinx ladies’ tresses, Ancient hybrid of Nodding ladies’ tresses & Great Plains ladies'-tresses	Native, Unranked, Herb-forb		Fulton, Hamilton, Oswego	NYFA-NU Images, wsp
Spiranthes arcisepala M.C. Pace 2017. Spiranthes arcisepala M.C.Pace	Appalachian ladies’ tresses	Native, Unranked		Delaware, Hamilton	NYFA-NU Images, wsp
Spiranthes ovalis Lindl. var. erostellata Catling 1840. Spiranthes ovalis Lindl. 1983. Spiranthes ovalis var. erostellata	October ladies’ tresses	Native, Endangered, Herb-forb		St. Lawrence only	NYFA-1 USDA-NN FNA Trop. Images, wsp

Spiranthes outside of cernua complex

Asparagales — Orchidaceae — Orchidoideae — Cranichideae — Spiranthes
Spiranthes	Ladies' tresses	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Spiranthes lucida (H.H.Eaton) Ames 1832. Neottia lucida H.H.Eaton 1833. S. plantaginea (Raf.) Raf. 1905. Ibidium plantagineum (Raf.) House 1908. S. lucida (H.H.Eaton) Ames	Shining ladies'-tresses, Wide-leaved ladies'-tresses Spiranthe lustrée, Spiranthe brillante	Native, C:4, Secure FACW Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT Can ITIS FNA Trop. LBJ Images, wsp
Spiranthes romanzoffiana Cham. 1828. S. romanzoffiana Cham. 1900. Gyrostachys stricta Rydb. 1905. Ibidium strictum House 1909. S. stricta A.Nelson	Hooded ladies'-tresses, Irish lady's-tresses Spiranthe de Romanzoff	Native, C:8, Likely secure Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-4 USDA-NN NPT Can ARS ITIS FNA Trop. BNA IPN Images, wsp
Spiranthes lacera (Raf.) Raf. var. lacera 1818. Neottia lacera Raf. 1833. S. lacera (Raf.) Raf.	Northern slender ladies'-tresses, Northern slender lady's tresses Spiranthe découpée, Spiranthe lacérée	Native, C:5, Likely secure Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-4 USDA-NN NPT Can ITIS FNA Images, wsp
Spiranthes lacera (Raf.) Raf. var. gracilis (Bigelow) Luer 1824. Neottia gracilis Bigelow 1833. S. gracilis (Bigelow) L.C.Beck 1840. S. beckii Lindl. 1905. Ibidium gracile (Bigelow) House 1906. Ibidium beckii House 1975. S. lacera var. gracilis	Southern slender ladies'-tresses, Slender lady's tresses Spiranthe grêle, Spiranthe gracile	Native, C:5, Vulnerable Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-3-4 USDA-NN NPT Can ITIS FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Spiranthes tuberosa Raf. 1833. Spiranthes tuberosa Raf. 1904. S. grayi Ames 1867. S. simplex A.Gray 1946. S. tuberosa var. grayi	Little ladies'-tresses, Little lady's tresses Spiranthe	Native, C:10, Vulnerable Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-3 USDA-NN NPT ITIS FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Spiranthes vernalis Engelm. & A.Gray 1845. S. vernalis Engelm. & A.Gray 1891. Gyrostachys vernalis Kuntze 1905. Ibidium vernale House 1908. S. sinensis (Pers.) Ames	Twisted ladies'-tresses, Spring ladies'-tresses, Spring lady's tresses, Upland ladiestresses Spiranthe	Native, C:7, Endangered, NYNHP: S1S2^[1] FAC Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-1 NPT ITIS FNA Trop. Images, wsp
Spiranthes (excluded taxa)	Ladies' tresses	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Spiranthes praecox (Walter) S. Watson 1788. Limodorum praecox Walter 1890. S. praecox (Walter) S. Watson 1906. Ibidium praecox (Walter) House 1913. Triorchis praecox (Walter) Nieuwl.	Greenvein lady's tresses	N. America native, N.Y. excluded			NYFA-XCLD USDA-N0 FNA IPN Images, wsp
Spiranthes × simpsonii Catling & Sheviak S. lacera var. lacera × S. romanzoffiana		Native, No reports			FNA Images, wsp
Spiranthes × eamesii P.M.Brown S. lacera var. gracilis × S. tuberosa		Native, No reports			Images, wsp
Spiranthes × ‌intermedia Ames S. lacera var. gracilis × S. vernalis		Native, No reports			Images, wsp
↑ New York Natural Heritage Program. 2019. Online Conservation Guide for Spiranthes vernalis. Available from: https://guides.nynhp.org/spring-ladies-tresses/. Accessed May 7, 2019.

Family Hypoxidaceae

The Hypoxidaceae^[1]

Hypoxis

Asparagales — Hypoxidaceae — Hypoxis
Hypoxis	Star grass	N.Y. Status	Images	Distribution	NY NPT
Hypoxis hirsuta (L.) Coville 1753. Ornithogalum hirsutum L. 1759. Hypoxis erecta L. superfl. 1803. Hypoxis carolinensis Michx. 1814. Hypoxis graminea Pursh 1894. Hypoxis hirsuta (L.) Coville 1894. Hypoxis micrantha Pollard	Eastern yellow stargrass, Common goldstar, Common stargrass, Yellow stargrass Hypoxis hirsute	Native, C:6, Secure FAC Perennial, Herb-forb			NYFA-5 USDA-NN NPT Can ARS ITIS FNA Trop. NSE BNA IPN Images, wsp
↑ Hypoxidaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

← Dioscoreales & Liliales	Flora of New York — Asparagales (1) Orchidaceae & Hypoxidaceae				→ Asparagales (2) Iridaceae & Asphodelaceae
	Table of contents	Genus index	Protected species index	Invasive species index

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[1] Orchidaceae Troy Weldy & David Werier (2013) New York Flora Atlas. New York Flora Association, Albany, New York.

[DECD-2] New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (d) Exploitably vulnerable.

[DECA-3] New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Regulation §193.3, Protected Native Plants, (a) Endangered.

[4] New York Natural Heritage Program. 2016. Online Conservation Guide for Listera auriculata. Endangered, S1/G3G4.

[5] New York Natural Heritage Program. 2016. Online Conservation Guide for Listera convallarioides. Endangered, S1/G5.

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