XIII Corps (Ottoman Empire)

XIII Corps
On Üçüncü Kolordu
XIII Corps; On Üçüncü Kolordu
	Ali İhsan Bey and his men (Hamadan)
Active	1911–
Country	Ottoman Empire
Type	Corps
Garrison/HQ	Baghdad
Patron	Sultans of the Ottoman Empire
Engagements	Mesopotamian campaign; Persian Campaign
Commanders
Notable; commanders	Mirliva Hüsamettin Pasha; Mirliva Ali İhsan Pasha (February 1916-October 1917[1]); Miralay Selâhattin Bey

The XIII Corps of the Ottoman Empire (Turkish: 13 ncü Kolordu or On Üçüncü Kolordu) was one of the corps of the Ottoman Army. It was formed in the early 20th century during Ottoman military reforms.

Formation

Order of battle, 1911

With further reorganizations of the Ottoman Army, to include the creation of corps level headquarters, by 1911 the XIII Corps was headquartered in Baghdad. The Corps before the First Balkan War in 1911 was structured as such:[2]

XIII Corps, Baghdad
- 37th Infantry Division, Baghdad
  - 109th Infantry Regiment,
  - 110th Infantry Regiment, vicinity of Baghdad
  - 111th Infantry Regiment, Baghdad
  - 37th Rifle Battalion, Najaf
  - 37th Field Artillery Regiment, Baghdad
  - 37th Division Band, Baghdad
- 38th Infantry Division, Basra
  - 112th Infantry Regiment, Basra
  - 113th Infantry Regiment, Amara, Baghdad
  - 114th Infantry Regiment, Müntafik
  - 38th Rifle Battalion, vicinity of Baghdad
  - Field Artillery Battalion, Baghdad
Units of XIII Corps
14th Cavalry Brigade, Baghdad
- 33rd Cavalry Regiment, Baghdad
- 34th Cavalry Regiment, Baghdad
- 35th Cavalry Regiment, Baghdad
25th Mountain Artillery Battalion, Baghdad
13th Engineer Company, Baghdad
13th telegraph Company, Baghdad
13th Transport Battalion, Baghdad
Border companies x 6

World War I

Order of battle, August 1914

In August 1914, the corps was structured as follows:[3]

XIII Corps (Mesopotamia)
- 37th Division

Order of battle, November 1914

In November 1914, the corps was structured as follows:[4]

XIII Corps (Moving to Third Army)
- 37th Division

Order of battle, late summer 1915

In the late summer of 1915, the corps was structured as follows:[5]

XIII Corps (Mesopotamia)
- 35th Division, 38th Division

Order of battle, January 1916

In January 1916, the corps was structured as follows:[6]

XIII Corps (Mesopotamia)
- 35th Division, 52nd Division

Order of battle, August 1916, December 1916

In August 1916, December 1916, the corps was structured as follows:[7]

XIII Corps (Mesopotamia)
- 2nd Division, 4th Division, 6th Division

Order of battle, August 1917, January 1918, June 1918, September 1918

In August 1917, January 1918, June 1918, September 1918, the corps was structured as follows:[8]

XIII Corps (Mesopotamia)
- 2nd Division, 6th Division

After Mudros

Order of battle, November 1918

In November 1918, the corps was structured as follows:[9]

XIII Corps (Mesopotamia)
- 2nd Division, 6th Division

Order of battle, January 1919

In January 1919, the corps was structured as follows:[10][11]

XIII Corps (Mesopotamia, Diyâr-ı Bekir)
- 2nd Division (Salur)
  - 14th Infantry Regiment, 15th Infantry Regiment, 24th Infantry Regiment
- 5th Division (Mardin)
  - 1st Infantry Regiment, 6th Infantry Regiment, 18th Infantry Regiment
- 12th Cavalry Regiment

Sources

T.C. Genelkurmay Harp Tarihi Başkanlığı Yayınları, Türk İstiklâl Harbine Katılan Tümen ve Daha Üst Kademelerdeki Komutanların Biyografileri, Genkurmay Başkanlığı Basımevi, Ankara, 1972, p. 145. (in Turkish)
Edward J. Erickson, Defeat in Detail, The Ottoman Army in the Balkans, 1912–1913, Westport, Praeger, 2003, p. 382.
Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 38.
Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 43.
Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 109.
Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 126.
Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 134, 154.
Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 170, 181, 188, 197.
Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 202.
Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 209.
Zekeriya Türkmen, Mütareke Döneminde Ordunun Durumu ve Yeniden Yapılanması (1918-1920), Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 2001, ISBN 975-16-1372-8, p. 326.

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[Genelkurmay145-1] T.C. Genelkurmay Harp Tarihi Başkanlığı Yayınları, Türk İstiklâl Harbine Katılan Tümen ve Daha Üst Kademelerdeki Komutanların Biyografileri, Genkurmay Başkanlığı Basımevi, Ankara, 1972, p. 145. (in Turkish)

[2] Edward J. Erickson, Defeat in Detail, The Ottoman Army in the Balkans, 1912–1913, Westport, Praeger, 2003, p. 382.

[Erickson38-3] Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 38.

[Erickson43-4] Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 43.

[Erickson109-5] Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 109.

[Erickson126-6] Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 126.

[Erickson134-154-7] Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 134, 154.

[Erickson197-8] Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 170, 181, 188, 197.

[Erickson202-9] Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 202.

[Erickson209-10] Edward J. Erickson, Order to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War, Greenwood Press, 2001, ISBN 0-313-31516-7, p. 209.

[11] Zekeriya Türkmen, Mütareke Döneminde Ordunun Durumu ve Yeniden Yapılanması (1918-1920), Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 2001, ISBN 975-16-1372-8, p. 326.

Ottoman Forces during World War I
Army groups	Yildirim Caucasus Eastern
Armies	1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th
Corps	I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII XIII XIV XV XVI XVII XVIII XIX XX XXI XXII XXV Iraq Area Halil I Caucasian II Caucasian Hejaz
Fortified areas	Dardanelles Bosphorus Chataldja Adrianople Smyrna Erzurum Kars
Infantry divisions	1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 1 Caucasian 2 Caucasian 3 Caucasian 5 Caucasian 9 Caucasian 10 Caucasian 11 Caucasian 36 Caucasian 37 Caucasian
Other divisions	1 Cavalry 2 Cavalry 3 Cavalry Van Gendarmerie
Others	1st Expeditionary Force 5th Expeditionary Force German Asia Corps Africa Hejaz Expeditionary Force 1st Provisional Force 2nd Provisional Force Islamic Army of the Caucasus 57 Rgt. 177 Rgt.