Word of the year

The word(s) of the year, sometimes capitalized as "Word(s) of the Year" and abbreviated "WOTY" (or "WotY"), refers to any of various assessments as to the most important word(s) or expression(s) in the public sphere during a specific year.

The German tradition, Wort des Jahres was started in 1971. The American Dialect Society's Word of the Year is the oldest English-language version, and the only one that is announced after the end of the calendar year, determined by a vote of independent linguists, and not tied to commercial interest. However, various other organizations also announce Words of the Year for a variety of purposes.

American Dialect Society

Since 1990, the American Dialect Society (ADS) has designated one or more words or terms to be the "Word of the Year" in the United States. In addition to the "Word of the Year", the society also selects words in other categories such as "Most Outrageous," "Most Creative," and "Most Likely to Succeed."

Year Word of the Year
1990 bushlips
1991 mother of all –
1992 Not!
1993 information superhighway
1994 Tie: cyber and morph
1995 Tie: World Wide Web and newt
1996 mom
1997 millennium bug
1998 e-
1999 Y2K
2000 chad
2001 9-11, 9/11 or September 11
2002 weapons of mass destruction or WMD
2003 metrosexual
2004 red/blue/purple states
2005 truthiness
2006 to be plutoed, to pluto
2007 subprime
2008 bailout
2009 tweet
2010 app
2011 occupy
2012 #hashtag
2013 because
2014 #blacklivesmatter
2015 they
2016 dumpster fire
2017 fake news
2018 tender-age shelter
2019 (my) pronouns
2020 Covid
2021 Insurrection
2022 -ussy

Australian National Dictionary Centre

The Australian National Dictionary Centre has announced a Word of the Year each since 2006. The word is chosen by the editorial staff, and is selected on the basis of having come to some prominence in the Australian social and cultural landscape during the year.[1] The Word of the Year is often reported in the media as being Australia's word of the year,[2][3] but the word is not always an Australian word.

Year Word of the Year
2006 podcast
2007 me-tooism
2008 GFC
2009 Twitter
2010 vuvuzela
2011
2012 green-on-blue
2013 bitcoin
2014 shirtfront
2015 sharing economy
2016 democracy sausage
2017 Kwaussie
2018 Canberra bubble
2019 Voice
2020 iso
2021 strollout
2022 teal

Cambridge Dictionary

The Cambridge Dictionary Word of the Year, by Cambridge University Press & Assessment, has been published every year since 2015.[4] 

The Cambridge Word of the Year is led by the data - what users look up - in the world's most popular dictionary for English language learners[5]. 

In 2022, the Cambridge Word of the Year was 'homer', caused by Wordle players looking up five-letter words, especially those that non-American players were less familiar with.[6] 

Year Word of the Year
2015 austerity
2016 paranoid
2017 populism
2018 nomophobia
2019 upcycling
2020 quarantine[7]
2021 perseverance[8]
2022 homer

Collins English Dictionary

The Collins English Dictionary has announced a Word of the Year every year since 2013, and prior to this, announced a new 'word of the month' each month in 2012. Published in Glasgow, UK, Collins English Dictionary has been publishing English dictionaries since 1819.[9]

Toward the end of each calendar year, Collins release a shortlist of notable words or those that have come to prominence in the previous 12 months. The shortlist typically comprises ten words, though in 2014 only four words were announced as the Word of the Year shortlist.

The Collins Words of the Year are selected by the Collins Dictionary team across Glasgow and London, consisting of lexicographers, editorial, marketing, and publicity staff, though previously the selection process has been open to the public.

Whilst the word is not required to be new to feature, the appearance of words in the list is often supported by usage statistics and cross-reference against Collins' extensive corpus to understand how language may have changed or developed in the previous year. The Collins Word of the Year is also not restricted to UK language usage, and words are often chosen that apply internationally as well, for example, fake news in 2017.[10]

Year Word of the Year Definition Shortlist
2013 Geek[11] If you call someone, usually a man or boy, a geek, you are saying in an unkind way that they are stupid, awkward, or weak.[12]
2014 Photobomb[24] If you photobomb someone, you spoil a photograph of them by stepping in front of them as the photograph is taken, often doing something silly such as making a funny face.[25]
2015 Binge-watch[30] If you binge-watch a television series, you watch several episodes one after another in a short time.[31]
2016 Brexit[33] The withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union in January 2020.[34]
2017 Fake news[44] False, often sensational, information disseminated under the guise of news reporting.[45]
2018 Single-use[55] Made to be used once only.[56]
2019 Climate strike[58] A form of protest in which people absent themselves from education or work to join demonstrations demanding action to counter climate change.[59]
2020 Lockdown[58] If there is a lockdown, people must stay at home unless they need to go out for certain reasons, such as going to work, buying food or taking exercise.
2021 NFT[71] A digital certificate of ownership of a unique asset, such as an artwork or a collectible.
2022 Permacrisis[72] An extended period of instability and insecurity, esp one resulting from a series of catastrophic events.

Macquarie Dictionary

The Macquarie Dictionary, which is the dictionary of Australian English, updates the online dictionary each year with new words, phrases, and definitions. These can be viewed on their website.[73]

Each year the editors select a short-list of new words added to the dictionary and invite the public to vote on their favourite. The public vote is held in January and results in the People's Choice winner. The most influential word of the year is also selected by the Word of the Year Committee which is chaired by the Vice-Chancellor of the University of Sydney, Dr Michael Spence. The Editor of the Macquarie Dictionary, Susan Butler, is also a committee member. The Committee meets annually to select the overall winning words.

The following is the list of winning words since the Macquarie Word of the Year first began in 2006:

YearCommittee's ChoicePeople's Choice
2006muffin top(No overall winner. See Macquarie website for category winners)
2007pod slurpingpassword fatigue
2008toxic debtflashpacker
2009shovel readytweet
2010googlegangershockumentary
2011burqinifracking
2012phantom vibration syndromeFirst World problem
2013infovore[74]onesie
2014mansplain[75]shareplate
2015 captain's call[76] captain's call[77]
2016fake newshalal snack pack
2017 milkshake duck[78][79] framily[80]
2018 me too[81][82] single-use[83]
2019 cancel culture robodebt
2020 doomscrolling, rona Karen
2021 strollout[84] strollout
2022 teal bachelor's handbag[85]

Merriam-Webster
Main article: Lists of Merriam-Webster's Words of the Year

The lists of Merriam-Webster's Words of the Year (for each year) are ten-word lists published annually by the American dictionary-publishing company Merriam-Webster, Inc., which feature the ten words of the year from the English language. These word lists started in 2003 and have been published at the end of each year. At first, Merriam-Webster determined its contents by analyzing page hits and popular searches on its website. Since 2006, the list has been determined by an online poll and by suggestions from visitors to the website.[86]

The following is the list of words that became Merriam-Webster's Word of the Year since 2003:[87]

Oxford

Oxford University Press, which publishes the Oxford English Dictionary and many other dictionaries, announces an Oxford Dictionaries UK Word of the Year and an Oxford Dictionaries US Word of the Year; sometimes these are the same word. The Word of the Year need not have been coined within the past twelve months but it does need to have become prominent or notable during that time. There is no guarantee that the Word of the Year will be included in any Oxford dictionary. The Oxford Dictionaries Words of the Year are selected by editorial staff from each of the Oxford dictionaries. The selection team is made up of lexicographers and consultants to the dictionary team, and editorial, marketing, and publicity staff.[91]

Year UK Word of the Year US Word of the Year Hindi Word of the Year
2004 chav
2005 sudoku podcast
2006 bovvered carbon-neutral
2007 carbon footprint locavore
2008 credit crunch hypermiling
2009 simples (Compare the Meerkat catchphrase) unfriend
2010 big society refudiate
2011 squeezed middle
2012 omnishambles GIF (noun)
2013 selfie[92]
2014 vape[93]
2015 πŸ˜‚ (Face With Tears of Joy, Unicode: U+1F602, part of emoji)[94]
2016 post-truth[95]
2017 youthquake[96] Aadhaar[lower-alpha 1]
2018 toxic[98] Nari Shakti or Women Power[99]
2019 climate emergency[100] Samvidhaan or Constitution[101]
2020 No single word chosen[102] Aatmanirbharta or Self-Reliance[103]
2021 vax[104]
2022 goblin mode[105][106]

Grant Barrett

Since 2004, lexicographer Grant Barrett has published a words-of-the-year list, usually in The New York Times, though he does not name a winner.

Dictionary.com

In 2010, Dictionary.com announced its first word of the year, 'change', and has done so in December every year since.[107] The selection is based on search trends on the site throughout the year and the news events that drive them.[108]

The following is the list of annual words since beginning with the first in 2010:[107]

Similar word lists

A Word a Year

Since 2004, Susie Dent, an English lexicographer has published a column, "A Word a Year", in which she chooses a single word from each of the last 101 years to represent preoccupations of the time. Susie Dent notes that the list is subjective.[110][111][112] Each year, she gives a completely different set of words.

Since Susie Dent works for the Oxford University Press, her words of choice are often incorrectly referred to as "Oxford Dictionary's Word of the Year".

Other countries

In Germany, a Wort des Jahres has been selected since 1972 (for year 1971) by the Society of the German Language.[113] In addition, an Unwort des Jahres (Un-word of the year or No-no Word of the Year) has been nominated since 1991, for a word or phrase in public speech deemed insulting or socially inappropriate (such as "Überfremdung").[114] Similar selections are made each year since 1999 in Austria, 2002 in Liechtenstein, and 2003 in Switzerland. Since 2008, language publisher Langenscheidt supports a search for the German youth word of the year, which aims to find new words entering the language through the vernacular of young people.[115][116]

In Denmark, the Word of the year has been selected since 2008 by Danmarks Radio and Dansk Sprognævn.

In Japan, the Kanji of the year (kotoshi no kanji) has been selected since 1995. Kanji are adopted Chinese characters in Japanese language. Japan also runs an annual word of the year contest called " U-Can New and Trendy Word Grand Prix" (U-Can shingo, ryΕ«kōgo taishō) sponsored by Jiyu Kokuminsha. Both the kanji and word/phrases of the year are often reflective of Japanese current events and attitudes. For example, in 2011 following the Fukushima power plant disaster, the frustratingly enigmatic phrase used by Japanese officials before the explosion regarding the possibility of meltdown – "the possibility of recriticality is not zero" (Sairinkai no kanōsei zero de wa nai) – became the top phrase of the year. In the same year, the kanji indicating 'bond' (i.e. familial bond or friendship) became the kanji of the year, expressing the importance of collectiveness in the face of disaster.[117]

In Norway, the Word of the year poll is carried out since 2012.

In Portugal, the Word of the year poll is carried out since 2009.

In Russia, the Word of the year poll is carried out since 2007.

In Spain, the Word of the year is carried out by FundΓ©u since 2013.

In Ukraine, the Word of the year poll is carried out since 2013.

See also

Further reading
  • John Ayto, "A Century of New Words", Series: Oxford Paperback Reference (2007) ISBN 0-19-921369-0
  • John Ayto, "Twentieth Century Words", Oxford University Press (1999) ISBN 0-19-860230-8

Notes
  1. First Hindi Word of the Year[97]

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