Loro Parque

Loro Parque (Spanish for "parrot park") or 'Loro Park' is a 135,000 m² (13.5 ha) zoo on the outskirts of Puerto de la Cruz on Tenerife, Spain where it houses an extensive and diverse reserve of animal and plant species. The park was conceived as a paradise for parrots and has developed over the years into one of the biggest attractions of the Canary Islands, with over 40 million visitors.[1]

Loro Parque
Loro Parque logotype
Sea lions perform in Loro Parque
28°24′30″N 16°33′51″W
Date opened17 December 1972
LocationTenerife, Spain
Land area13.5 ha (33 acres)[1]
No. of animals4,000 (parrots)[1]
No. of speciesabout 350 (parrots)[1]
Websitewww.loroparque.com
Three bottlenose dolphins perform a stunt in the Loro Parque Dolphin Show

History

Since 1972 when the park was founded by Wolfgang Kiessling and opened on 13,000 m² (1.3 ha) with 150 parrots, it has grown to 135,000 m² (13.5 ha) and is home to some 4000 parrots representing 350 species and sub-species, as well as many other animals.[1] This parrot collection is the largest in the world and makes the park one of the main references in the study and conservation of these animals worldwide.[2]

Other records the park has set include largest dolphin show pool in the European Union, the world's largest indoor penguin exhibition and the longest shark tunnel in the European Union. The park is only the second place in the European Union to house orcas.

The owners of Loro Parque have constructed another park in the south of the island called Siam Park, which opened in 2008 and claims to be the biggest water park in Europe.[3][4]

Birds

There are parrots, black swans, golden pheasants, great curassows, laughing kookaburra,[5] penguins, puffins, flamingos and pelicans in the park. Here is the list of some parrot species, including parakeets, macaws, cockatoos and amazons living at Loro Parque:[5]

Other animals

In addition to dolphins and penguins, some of the other creatures on display in the park are chimpanzees, western lowland gorillas, emperor tamarins, California sea lions, Asian small-clawed otters, meerkats, red pandas, jaguars, white tigers, lions, pygmy hippos, capybaras, giant anteaters, American alligators, Galápagos tortoises, African spurred tortoises, exotic fish, seahorses, and various sharks.[6]

Orcas

In February 2006, Loro Parque received four young orcas: two males, Keto (born in 1995) and Tekoa (2000), and two females, Kohana (2002) and Skyla (2004) on loan from SeaWorld. SeaWorld sent its own professionals, including trainers, curators and veterinarians, to supplement the staff at Loro Parque to assist with the orcas move. In 2004 and 2005, before the orcas were brought to Loro Parque, eight animal trainers from the park were sent to SeaWorld parks in Texas and Florida for training.[7]

On 13 October 2010, Kohana, an eight-year-old female orca, gave birth to a male calf in the park's "Orca Ocean" exhibit after a four-hour labor. The calf weighed in at about 150 kg (330 lb) and was two meters (6 ft 7 in) long. Kohana rejected her calf, forcing trainers to take the first steps in hand rearing him. Kohana's calf was named Adán, the Spanish form of “Adam”. Adán has been introduced to his uncle-dad Keto, his uncle Tekoa, his mom Kohana, his aunt Skyla, his friend Morgan and Victoria, his deceased little sister.

In November 2011, Loro Parque received its sixth orca, Morgan, who was rescued in the Netherlands on 23 June 2010. After spending a year and a half in a small tank in the Netherlands, under much controversy,[8] Morgan was moved to Loro Parque. Claims were made that Morgan was unable to be released due to the lack of skills she would need to survive in the wild and that she was only approximately 2 or 3 at the time of her rescue. In 2012 scientists confirmed that Morgan suffers a hearing loss that could be very severe and even absolute.[9]

On 3 August 2012, Kohana, then ten years old, gave birth to a female calf named Vicky after a two-hour labor. The calf weighed in at 152 kg (335 lb) and measured 2.4 m (7 ft 10 in) long. This calf has also been rejected by her mother, resulting in another hand-reared orca. Vicky died unexpectedly on 16 June 2013. Her cause of death was later revealed to be intestinal problems.

In the summer of 2018, SeaWorld relinquished ownership of the orcas giving full ownership to Loro Parque.

On 11 March 2021, Skyla (born 9 February 2004), passed away, after showing signs of discomfort. Her cause of death was later revealed to be that of gastric torsion. [10]

Kohana, the daughter of Tilikum (subject of the documentary Blackfish), died prematurely on 14 September 2022.[11] The theme park said that a preliminary autopsy suggested a cardiac problem.[12]

As of 2022, there are 4 orcas in Loro Parque: Keto (M-28 years old), Tekoa (M-22 years old), Morgan (F-13 years old) and Adàn (M-13 years old).

Dolphins

Loro Parque also presents 10 bottlenose dolphins, including 3 caught in the 1980s off Florida and 7 born in captivity : Paco (M), Ruffles (F), Pacina (F), Ulisse (M), Luna (F), Clara (F), Cesar (M), Achille (M), Ilse (F) and Robin (M).

Plants

For visitors interested in plants, there is a large orchid garden with very rare plants.

Shows

Shows in the park include sea lions (5 times a day), dolphins (4 times), parrots (The Loro Show – 6 times), nature vision (an indoor cinema playing a 20 minute long film – 9 times) and the orca show (3 times). Other attractions include the children's playground "Kinderlandia," Gambian Market, a parrot baby station, a huge parrot museum and many restaurants.

The pre-title sequence (narrated by Stephen Fry) of the 2005 movie The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy was filmed at Loro Parque.

Loro Parque's Dolphin Show
Loro Parque's Orca Show

Foundation

In 1994 Loro Parque founded the Loro Parque Fundación, an international foundation member of IUCN set up to highlight the need for conservation of nature and the environment. The foundation has carried out 82 conservation projects in 28 countries throughout the world, of which 31 are active with approximately 150 people working daily for the conservation of nature. Since its creation they have spent more than $10,000,000 on such projects.[13]

The foundation is particularly active in conserving the most endangered parrot species in the world, both with captive breeding such as with the critically endangered Spix's macaw, and field projects such as with the equally critically endangered indigo-winged parrot).[14] Between 2017 and 2019 the foundation assisted in releasing fourteen captive-bred macaws of the critically endangered Ara ambiguus ssp. guayaquilensis into the private Ayampe Reserve in Esmeraldas Province, Ecuador.[15]

Incidents

In 1996, Tony Silva, Loro Parque's Curator of Birds from 1989 to 1992, was convicted of conspiracy to smuggle rare birds valued at more than US$1.3 million into the United States. Silva began smuggling birds in 1986 and the conspiracy continued while he was curator at Loro Parque.[16][17][18]

In October 2007, apprentice trainer Claudia Vollhardt was attacked by Tekoa (an orca) and hospitalised.[19] After this attack, the trainers ceased to do waterwork for more than six months, and never again with Tekoa.

Two years later, on Christmas Eve of 2009, 29-year-old Alexis Martínez was killed by Keto. After spending two and a half minutes at the bottom of the 12-meter deep main pool, his body was retrieved but he could not be revived. He went into cardiac arrest in the ambulance on the way to BelleVue Medical Center in Puerto de la Cruz, and was pronounced dead. His funeral was held the following day, and his ashes were spread at Playa El Socorro at sunset. Since then, the trainers do not enter the water with any of the orcas. The park initially characterized the death as an accident. However, the autopsy report stated that Martínez died due to grave injuries caused by an orca attack, including multiple compression fractures, tears to vital organs, and bite marks.[20][21] During the investigation into the death of Alex Martinez, it came to light that the park had also mischaracterised to the public the 2007 incident with Tekoa, and claimed it was also an accident rather than an attack.[19] It was also revealed that only half of the original trainers are currently employed in Orca Ocean, Loro Parque's facility for the orcas, and none of the subsequent employees hired have been sent to Sea World parks for training. However, they did pass several training courses under the supervision of the other trained members.[7]

A female orca, Kohana, who is the daughter of the infamous Tilikum, died at Loro Parque aged only twenty years old in September 2022. Kohana's death marks the third killer whale to die at the Loro Parque marine park in the past 18 months.

In August 2021, a three-year-old orca named Ula died, and shortly before that in March 2021, 17-year-old Skyla died.

In the wild, female killer whales can live for up to 80 years.

Criticism

Loro Parque has been criticised by a number of organizations, mostly for its use of orcas.[22][23] The Free Morgan Foundation campaigns for the release of Morgan, an orca held at Loro Parque, saying that she has been "bullied and attacked by the other orca on a regular basis" and that Tekoa, another orca held at the park, "is the most bitten orca in all the orca held in captivity around the world".[24]

Whale and Dolphin Conservation (WDC) also criticizes Loro Parque's handling of Morgan. Specifically, they stated that "the permit under which Morgan was shipped to Loro Parque" states that "she should be used for scientific research" and that in reality, "Morgan makes daily appearances in the shows doing tricks for the paying public".[22]

PETA also criticizes Loro Parque, stating that "experts have identified health problems and psychological distress in the orcas at Loro Parque". These problems include missing teeth, rake marks and mucus dripping from their eyes.[25] They also mention the abnormal behaviour of "floating on the surface of the water" which they say is "unheard of among wild orcas".[26]

On 29 July 2018 Thomas Cook announced that it would stop selling tickets to Loro Parque over "animal welfare concerns".[27]

Awards

On 27 September 2000, Loro Parque was awarded the most prestigious prize that the Canary Islands Government gives in the field of tourism, the award "Importante del Turismo 2000" (Important Tourism). Román Rodríguez, president of the Government of the Canaries at the time, handed this prize over to Kiessling.[28] This prize gives Loro Parque the gold medal for its contribution to make the Canary Islands a quality tourist destination. Kiessling was also awarded the "Galardones Amables del Turismo y Convivencia Ciudadana 1999" (Award for Friendly Tourism and Citizen Coexistence) by the Centre of Enterprises and Tourism (CIT) of Santa Cruz, Tenerife, at the same time.[28]

Notes
  1. "History". loroparque.com. Loro Parque. Archived from the original on 2 January 2011. Retrieved 5 December 2010.
  2. "Loro Parque Convention In The Canary Islands". 16 May 2006. Archived from the original on 2010-10-22. Retrieved 2013-02-03.
  3. "How it was done". siampark.net. Siam Park. Archived from the original on 2 July 2010. Retrieved 26 July 2009.
  4. "History". siampark.net. Siam Park. Archived from the original on 2 July 2010. Retrieved 26 July 2009.
  5. "Photographs of the bird species living in Loro Parque, August 2016". Independent Travellers. independent-travellers.com. Archived from the original on August 30, 2019. Retrieved July 18, 2017.
  6. "Loro Parque's animals data sheets". Archived from the original on 2022-10-31. Retrieved 2022-10-31.
  7. "Loro Parque trainers have no formal qualifications". abc.es. ABC. 18 October 2010. Archived from the original on 10 January 2018. Retrieved 5 December 2010.
  8. "Free Morgan Foundation". freemorgan.org. Free Morgan. Archived from the original on 30 September 2018. Retrieved 21 October 2012.
  9. "Hearing Impairment – Morgan". 13 November 2012. Archived from the original on 3 February 2013. Retrieved 3 February 2013.
  10. Dodds, Margaux (2021-03-13). "Orca Skyla dies at Loro Parque, Tenerife | Marine Connection". Archived from the original on 2021-03-13. Retrieved 2021-03-16.
  11. "Captive Orca Torn From Mother and Forced to Breed Dies at Theme Park at 20 Archived 2022-10-30 at the Wayback Machine." Newsweek, 16 September 2022.
  12. "Report on the deaths of three orcas in Loro Parque Archived 2022-10-30 at the Wayback Machine," Loro Parque, 19 September, 2022.
  13. "Loro Parque Fudacion". loroparque-fundacion.org. Loro Parque Fudacion. Archived from the original on 23 November 2010. Retrieved 5 December 2010.
  14. "BirdLife International (2009) Species factsheet: Hapalopsittaca fuertesi". birdlife.org. BirdLife International. Archived from the original on 21 December 2008. Retrieved 26 July 2009.
  15. "Great Green Macaw (Ara ambiguus)". Parrot Encyclopedia. World Parrot Trust. 2019. Archived from the original on 11 April 2021. Retrieved 20 August 2019.
  16. "Did birdman smuggle endangered species?". Archived from the original on 2018-05-24. Retrieved 2018-05-23.
  17. "A Defender of Rare Birds Is Guilty of Smuggling Them". The New York Times. 3 February 1996. Archived from the original on 2018-05-24. Retrieved 2018-05-23.
  18. "Smuggler Of Birds Sentenced". The New York Times. 19 November 1996. Archived from the original on 2018-05-24. Retrieved 2018-05-23.
  19. "Uno de los responsables de las orcas reconoce la «agresión» de «Tekoa» en 2007". November 2010. Archived from the original on 2018-01-25. Retrieved 2010-12-16.
  20. Montero, M.A. (4 October 2009). "The Orca Keto attacked and killed Alexis, the trainer of Loro Parque". abc.es. ABC. Archived from the original on 14 December 2017. Retrieved 5 December 2010.
  21. Anscombe, Janet (31 December 2009). "Loro Parque trainer died from asphyxia caused by compression of the chest in rough play". janetanscombe.com. Janet Anscombe. Archived from the original on 13 December 2013. Retrieved 5 December 2010.
  22. "Orca Morgan – four years at Loro Parque". WDC, Whale and Dolphin Conservation. 3 December 2015. Archived from the original on 2016-05-30. Retrieved 2016-05-13.
  23. "Thomas Cook axes trips to SeaWorld over animal welfare concerns". BBC News. 29 July 2018. Archived from the original on 2019-02-23. Retrieved 2019-03-07.
  24. "Morgan at Loro Parque - Free Morgan Foundation". www.freemorgan.org. Archived from the original on 2016-05-25. Retrieved 2016-05-13.
  25. "Photos From Loro Parque: This Is What Captivity Does to Orcas | PETA UK". PETA UK. 2015-08-24. Archived from the original on 2016-05-05. Retrieved 2016-05-13.
  26. "Let Morgan Go Home!". action.peta.org.uk. Archived from the original on 2016-05-14. Retrieved 2016-05-13.
  27. "Thomas Cook axes trips to SeaWorld over animal welfare concerns". BBC News. 29 July 2018. Archived from the original on 29 July 2018. Retrieved 29 July 2018.
  28. "Newsletter" (PDF). www.loroparque-fundacion.org. 2000. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-05-15. Retrieved 2019-05-09.

References
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