Werribee line

The original plans for the Geelong and Melbourne Railway Company's lines to Geelong/Werribee and Williamstown

In 1857, the Geelong and Melbourne Railway Company (G&MRC) opened the Werribee to Little River section of the line they were building between Newport and Geelong, then in June of that year, they opened the section between Werribee and a temporary station near Newport, known as Greenwich.[7] The intention was to connect to the Williamstown line being built by the Melbourne, Mount Alexander and Murray River Railway Company, with whom they had arranged permission to run the former company's trains over the latter company's tracks to Melbourne, but the Williamstown line was not yet ready.

However, by October 1857, construction of the Williamstown line had sufficiently advanced to allow the Geelong trains to run to the terminus at Williamstown Pier, so Greenwich station was closed and a connection was made to the Williamstown line towards Williamstown.[8] From Williamstown Pier, passengers could connect to a ferry across Hobsons Bay to Port Melbourne.[8]

The Williamstown line fully opened in January 1859, so the connection near Newport towards Williamstown was removed and replaced with a connection to Newport, and the through running of Geelong trains to Melbourne commenced.[8]

In April 1885, a short branch was opened off the Werribee line just past Newport to Williamstown Racecourse, and in November 1888, a branch was opened off the Racecourse branch to Altona, terminating at a station named Altona Beach.[5] This branch was opened by the Altona and Laverton Bay Freehold and Investment Company to encourage people to buy their land in the area.[5] However, the line closed less than two years later, in August 1890.

A portion of the Altona Beach line near Williamstown Racecourse was leased by the Victorian Railways (VR) in 1906 to store race trains.[9] Sometime between 1911 and 1919, the line reopened for goods trains with a siding built from Altona Beach to the Melbourne and Altona Colliery Company mine. From November 1917, the VR worked on the line on behalf of the then owners, Altona Beach Estates Ltd., but to a relocated Altona Beach station, short of the original terminus.[10]

The VR electrified the Williamstown line and the branch to Williamstown Racecourse in August 1920.[9][11] In October 1924, the VR took total control of the Altona Beach line, and electrified it in October 1926.[11] Automatic Block Signalling was commissioned between South Kensington and Yarraville in August 1927, and then on to Newport. The Automatic and Track Control system was installed from Newport South towards Geelong, enabling bidirectional use of the then single track line.

The site of the former Williamstown Racecourse station, 2008.

The Williamstown Racecourse branch closed in May 1950.[9] Duplication of the Werribee line occurred in stages between 1960 and 1968, with the Altona branch converted to Automatic Block Signalling in October 1967. First announced by the Transport Minister Joe Rafferty in 1977, electrification was extended from Altona Junction to Werribee in September 1983, whilst in January 1985, the Altona line was extended to Westona.[12]

By the early 1980s, the Altona Loop was under threat of closure, as recommended in the Lonie Report.[13] In October 1981, the rail service was drastically cut, with all shuttle services withdrawn, and only two morning and evening trains being operated to and from Melbourne.[5] However, a change of state government in 1982 saw the restitution of many services in July of that year.[5] On 21 January 1985, the line was subsequently extended to Westona and, in April of that year, was extended from Westona to Laverton.[14][15][16][17] In April 1985, Altona to Westona, which had temporarily been operated by Staff and Ticket safeworking, was converted to Automatic and Track Control, and a few days later, the line was extended to Laverton and therefore connecting with the Werribee line.

Initially, almost every Werribee bound service ran via Westona, but a timetable re-write in May 2011 saw this section converted to a separate service for the majority of the time.[18] The rewrite introduced the controversial practice of having trains serving the Altona Loop run as a shuttle service between Laverton and Newport during off peak hours.[19] Shuttle services were ended in August 2017, with direct services to and from the city being reinstated to the Altona Loop.[20]

The completion of the Regional Rail Link in 2015 bought numerous benefits to the operations on the Werribee line.

In June 2015, the completion of the Regional Rail Link allowed for the rerouting of Geelong and Warrnambool services via the 90 km of new track constructed between Little River and Deer Park stations.[21] Instead of stopping at select stations on the Werribee line, services now stop at new stations at Wyndham Vale and Tarneit which are in Melbournes growing western suburbs. The separation of suburban and regional trains has reduced overcrowding, increased capacity, and improved service reliability on the Werribee line in addition to the benefits seen on Geelong services.[22]

In January 2021, a major timetable rewrite resulted in increased frequencies and weekend daytime shuttle services being extended from Newport to Flinders Street.[23] Peak hour weekday services now stop at South Kensington, which simplifies stopping patterns on the Sunbury line.[23] In addition, peak hour frequencies were also made more consistent for the Altona Loop.[24]

The Cherry Street level crossing in Werribee prior to its 2021 removal.

The Level Crossing Removal Project has announced the removal of all remaining level crossings on the Werribee line, to be completed in stages from 2018 to 2030. In 2018, one level crossing was removed at Kororoit Creek Road, Williamstown North.[25] The crossing was removed by raising the rail line onto a rail bridge above the road with partial duplication of the Altona Loop completed as part of the project.[25] In 2019, another level crossing was removed at Aviation Road, Laverton.[26] The crossing was removed by raising the road onto a bridge above the rail line with upgrades to Aircraft station in conjunction with the project.[26] The upgrades included a redesigned station forecourt and construction of a new pedestrian underpass.[26] In 2021, a total of 3 level crossings were removed at various locations along the line. Crossings were removed at Old Geelong Road in Hoppers Crossing and Werribee Street and Cherry Street in Werribee. Two of these crossings were removed with road bridges and one with a rail bridge.[27][28][29] The removal of the crossing at Old Geelong Road in Hoppers Crossing also included an upgrade to Hoppers Crossing station with a new overpass, station forecourt, and bus interchange.[30] The final five crossings along the line (excluding the ones on the Altona Loop) will be removed by 2030. The crossing at Hudsons Road, Spotswood and Maddox Road, Newport will be removed by constructing two separate rail bridges with a new Spotswood station also being built.[31] In addition, the crossing at Maidstone Street will be removed with the construction of a road bridge and two crossings—Anderson Street and Champion Road—will be closed off.[31] At the end of these works, the Werribee line will be fully level crossing free by 2030.

When the new cross-city rail corridor being built by the Metro Tunnel opens in 2025 there will be a reorganisation of the Melbourne rail network.[32] The Victorian Department of Transport and Planning plans to return the Frankston line to the City Loop, with dedicated use of the Caulfield group tunnel track.[33] This will mean Frankston line trains will no longer through-run with Werribee and Williamstown line trains, and will again stop at City Loop stations Flagstaff, Melbourne Central, and Parliament.[33] As part of the reconfiguration, the Werribee and Williamstown lines would instead begin through-running services to Sandringham for the first time.[33]

The indicative alignment of the Melbourne Metro 2.

The 2012 Network Development Plan identified the need for a east-west tunnel connecting the Werribee (and potentially) the Geelong line to the Mernda line.[34] The project would split the Mernda line from the Hurstbridge line after Clifton Hill into a new tunnel, travelling east stopping at a new station in the "inner north", before connecting with at Parkville, Flagstaff, and Southern Cross stations.[35] Exiting the CBD, the line would continue in a tunnel stopping at a new station in the suburb of Fishermans Bend, before crossing underneath the Yarra River and arriving at Newport station.[35] The line would then exit the tunnel and travel further west to connect with the Werribee line bypassing the Altona Loop.[35] The Werribee and Williamstown lines will be reconfigured to provide better and simpler service.[35][36] This project was initially meant to be completed in the 2020s, however, no funding or planning has taken place, with the revised Victorian Rail Plan stating that the project would be completed under Stage 6 of the plan.[37]

As part of the Melbourne Metro 2, the Werribee and Williamstown lines would be reconfigured to provide simpler service. The Sandringham line would continue running to Williamstown with the line also travelling to and terminating at Laverton via the Altona Loop. Express services (not via the Altona Loop) would instead be served by trains exiting the Melbourne Metro 2 tunnel towards Werribee (and potentially Geelong).[38]

The Western Rail Plan is a plan that aims to improve the quality of rail services in Melbournes western suburbs through infrastructure upgrades on a range of metropolitan and regional lines.[6] Geelong Fast Rail was one project identified in the Western Rail Plan as a matter of priority, as it would allow for Geelong and Warrnambool services to travel back via the Werribee line, cutting travel time and allowing electrification of other corridors to occur which are currently being served exclusively by V/Line trains.[39] Phase 1 of Geelong Fast Rail will consist of the following projects aimed at cutting travel times by 15 minutes:[39]

• New track between Werribee and Laverton dedicated to regional services
• Upgrades and widening of bridges over main roads, creeks, and rivers
• Upgraded stations at Werribee and Laverton
• Signalling and train control system upgrades

Construction on the project expected to get underway in 2023, with the Australian and Victorian governments committing $2 billion each to the project which is expected to create 2800 new jobs.[40]

Services on the Werribee line operates from approximately 5:00 am to around 12:00 am daily.[41] In general, during peak hours, train frequency is 5–15 minutes (reduced frequencies on the Altona Loop) while services during non-peak hours drops to 20 minutes throughout the entire route.[3] Services don't run through the City Loop, instead terminating at Flinders Street.[42] Rather than running through the City Loop, services continue onto the Frankston line with boosted frequencies in combination with the Williamstown line.[42] The Night Network operates on Friday nights and weekends, with services running 24 hours a day, with 60 minute frequencies available outside of normal operating hours.[43]

Train services on the Werribee line are also subjected to maintenance and renewal works, usually on selected Fridays and Saturdays. Shuttle bus services are provided throughout the duration of works for affected commuters.[44]

Legend — Station status

• ◼ Premium Station – Station staffed from first to last train
• ◻ Host Station – Usually staffed during morning peak, however this can vary for different stations on the network.

Legend — Stopping patterns
Services do not operate via the City Loop

• ● – All trains stop
• ◐ – Some services do not stop
• ▼ – Only outbound trains stop
• | – Trains pass and do not stop

Victorian Railways operate part of the Altona branch for Altona Beach Estates between 1911 and 1924.

The Werribee line has had a total of 10 operators since its opening in 1857. Early in 1857, the Geelong and Melbourne Railway Company (G&MR) opened the Werribee to Little River section of the line they were building between Newport and Geelong. 2 years later in 1859, the government acquired the line and begun operations under the newly formed Victorian Railways (VR). The railway to Altona was constructed by the Altona Beach Estate Company, a private land developer, and opened on 9 November 1888 to a station named Altona Beach, which was about a kilometre to the east of the current station.[11] As a result of the collapse of the 1880s Land Boom, regular services to Altona Beach ceased after August 1890, and the Victorian Government declined the offer of the owners to gift it the line. In 1917, the owners of the estate entered into an agreement with the Victorian Railways (VR) to provide a regular passenger service, having guaranteed to cover any operating losses.[5] The majority of operations throughout its history have been government run: from its government acquisition in 1859 until the 1999 privatisation of Melbourne's rail network, four different government operators have run the line.[46] These operators, Victorian Railways, the Metropolitan Transit Authority, the Public Transport Corporation, and Bayside Trains have a combined operational length of 140 years.

Bayside Trains was privatised in August 1999 and later rebranded M>Train. In 2002, M>Train was placed into receivership and the state government regained ownership of the line, with KPMG appointed as receivers to operate M>Train on behalf of the state government.[47][48][49] Two years later, rival train operator Connex Melbourne took over the M>Train operations including the Williamstown line. Metro Trains Melbourne, the current private operator, then took over the operations in 2009. The private operators have had a combined operational period of 28 years.[50]

Werribee railway line
km km Multiple lines via Richmond or Jolimont City Loop 0.0 Flinders Street ●●●●●●●●●●●● 1.4 Parliament ●●●●●●●●● 2.7 Melbourne Central 3.3 Flagstaff 1.2 Southern Cross ● City Loop Albury, North East SG & Western SG lines to Albury, Sydney & Adelaide 2.9 North Melbourne ●●●●● 3.1 Dynon Road Upfield line to Upfield 3.7 CityLink 3.7 Moonee Ponds Creek Craigieburn, Seymour & Shepparton lines via Essendon Flemington Racecourse line to Flemington Racecourse South Kensington–West Footscray line to West Footscray 4.7 South Kensington (not a stop) Melbourne Metro Tunnel to Caulfield (under construction) Saltwater River (demolished) 5.5 Maribyrnong River Maribyrnong line to Maribyrnong River Terminal (dismantled) 6.6 Hopkins Street 6.9 Footscray ●●●●●●●●●■ South Kensington–West Footscray, North East SG & Western SG lines to Albury, Sydney & Adelaide or Southern Cross Multiple lines via Sunshine Footscray (Suburban) (demolished) 7.2 Napier Street 7.9 Seddon 8.5 Somerville Road 8.8 Yarraville 9.4 Francis Street (Docklands Highway) 9.6 Stony Creek 9.8 West Gate Freeway 10.5 Spotswood ANZAC & Goninans Sidings (was Spotswood Workshops) Newport–Sunshine & Western SG lines to Sunshine & Southern Cross 11.8 Newport ● 11.9 Melbourne Road Greenwich (demolished) Newport Workshops | Garden Platform (closed) | Williamstown lines to Williamstown Freezing Works Siding (demolished) Williamstown Racecourse (1st) (demolished) 14.7 Metro Infrastructure Works Siding 14.7 SEC Siding 14.9 Hatherley (demolished) 15.2 Mobiltown (demolished) 15.2 Kororoit Creek Road 15.3 Paisley (closed) 15.5 Williamstown Racecourse (2nd) (demolished) 15.6 Millers Road 16.4 Australian Carbon Black Siding CRT Siding 16.5 15.8 Kororoit Creek 16.9 BP Platform & Sidings (demolished) 17.1 Kororoit Creek Road 17.4 Seaholme 17.6 Millers Road 18.4 Altona 19.0 Maidstone Street (Removing by 2030) 19.2 Altona Beach (demolished) 19.2 Galvin (demolished) 19.8 Westona 19.9 Maidstone Street SCT Siding 21.9 23.1 Princes Freeway 22.2 23.5 Laverton 23.5 24.7 Aircraft 24.5 25.8 Palmers Road 24.7 25.9 Williams Landing 25.8 27.0 Forsyth Road 26.9 28.1 Skeleton Waterholes Creek 28.9 30.1 Hoppers Crossing 32.9 34.1 Werribee 33.1 34.3 Werribee River 33.5 34.7 end of overhead 35.0 36.2 Werribee Racecourse (closed) 35.6 36.9 end of Metro area Western SG line to Adelaide Parklands & Port Fairy line to Geelong km km
broad gauge standard gauge dual gauge

The Werribee line forms a mostly straight route from the Melbourne central business district to its terminus in Werribee. The route is 32.9 kilometres (20.4 mi) long and is fully doubled tracked from Flinders Street to its terminus, excluding during the Altona Loop. After changing from Frankston services at Flinders Street, the Werribee line traverses mainly flat country with few curves and fairly minimal earthworks for most of the line. Few sections of the line has been elevated or lowered to remove level crossings. All remaining level crossings will be removed by 2030.[51]

The line follows the same alignment as the Williamstown line with the two services splitting onto different routes at Newport. The Werribee line continues on its south-western alignment, whereas the Williamstown line takes a southern alignment towards its final destination.[52] Most of the rail line goes through built-up suburbs and heavy industrial areas with small pockets on non-urbanised spaces.[52]

The line serves 17 stations across 39.2 kilometres (24.4 mi) of track. The stations are a mix of elevated, lowered, and ground level designs. The majority of elevated and lowered stations being constructed as part of level crossing removals.[53] From 2030, Spotswood station will be elevated as part of additional level crossing removal works.[51]

Station	Accessibility	Opened	Terrain	Train connections	Other connections
Flinders Street	Yes—step free access	1854[54]	Lowered	16 connections  Alamein line   Belgrave line   Craigieburn line   Cranbourne line   Flemington Racecourse line   Frankston line   Gippsland line   Glen Waverley line   Hurstbridge line   Lilydale line   Mernda line   Pakenham line   Sandringham line   Sunbury line   Upfield line   Williamstown line
Southern Cross		1859[54]	Ground level	27 connections  Alamein line   Albury line   Ararat line   Ballarat line   Belgrave line   Bendigo line   Craigieburn line   Cranbourne line   Echuca line   Flemington Racecourse line   Geelong line   Gippsland line   Glen Waverley line   Hurstbridge line   Lilydale line   Maryborough line   Mernda line   NSW TrainLink Southern   Pakenham line   Seymour line   Shepparton line   Sunbury line   Swan Hill line   The Overland   Upfield line   Warrnambool line   Williamstown line
North Melbourne				7 connections  Craigieburn line   Flemington Racecourse line   Seymour line   Shepparton line   Sunbury line   Upfield line   Williamstown line
South Kensington	No—steep ramp	1891[54]		1 connection  Williamstown line
Footscray	Yes—step free access	1859[54]		10 connections  Ararat line   Ballarat line   Bendigo line   Echuca line   Geelong line   Maryborough line   Sunbury line   Swan Hill line   Warrnambool line   Williamstown line
Seddon	No—steep ramp	1906[54]		1 connection  Williamstown line
Yarraville	Yes—step free access	1871[54]
Spotswood		1878[54]
Newport	No—steep ramp	1859[54]
Seaholme		1920[54]
Altona	Yes—step free access	1917[54]
Westona		1985[54]
Laverton		1886[54]
Aircraft		1925[54]
Williams Landing		2013[54]
Hoppers Crossing		1970[54]
Werribee	No—steep ramp	1857[54]

Siemens Nexas EMUs are one type of rolling stock featured on the line.

The Werribee line uses three different types of electric multiple unit (EMU) trains that are operated in a split six-car configuration, with three doors per side on each carriage. The primary rolling stock featured on the line is the Comeng EMUs, built by Commonwealth Engineering between 1981 and 1988.[56] These train sets are the oldest on the Melbourne rail network and subsequently will be replaced by the mid 2030s.[57] Siemens Nexas EMUs are also widely featured on the line, originally built between 2002 and 2005 these train sets feature more modern technology than the Comeng trains.[58] The final type of rolling stock featured on the line is the X'Trapolis 100 built by Alstom between 2002 and 2004, and 2009 and 2020.[4] All of these rolling stock models are widely used on other lines across the metropolitan network and work as the backbone of the network.

Alongside the passenger trains, Werribee line tracks and equipment are maintained by a fleet of engineering trains. The four types of engineering trains are: the shunting train; designed for moving trains along non-electrified corridors and for transporting other maintenance locomotives, for track evaluation; designed for evaluating track and its condition, the overhead inspection train; designed for overhead wiring inspection, and the infrastructure evaluation carriage designed for general infrastructure evaluation.[59] Most of these trains are repurposed locomotives previously used by V/Line, Metro Trains, and the Southern Shorthaul Railroad.[59]

From the middle of 2020s, the next generation of the X'Trapolis family of electric EMUs—the X'Trapolis 2.0—will be introduced. This new model will fully replace the existing fleet of Comeng EMUs currently operating on the line currently with new, modern, and technologically advanced trains. The new trains will feature:[60]

• Modernised doors to reduce the boarding times at stations to under 40 seconds
• Passenger information systems to display that train's journey in real time
• Higher energy efficiency to work with a lower network voltage, to fit in line with modern rail systems overseas
• New interior designs including tip-up seating to allow space for wheelchair spaces.
• Designated bicycle storage areas
• Passenger operated automatic wheelchair ramps located behind driver cabs
• Six car fully walk through carriages

Footscray station is classed as fully wheelchair accessible due to the elevators provided in the foot bridge.

In compliance with the Disability Discrimination Act of 1992, all stations that are new-built or rebuilt are fully accessible and comply with these guidelines.[61] The majority of stations on the corridor are fully accessible, however, there are some stations that haven't been upgraded to meet these guidelines.[62] These stations do feature ramps, however, they have a gradient greater than 1 in 14.[62] Stations that are fully accessible feature ramps that have a gradient less than 1 in 14, have at-grade paths, or feature lifts.[62] These stations typically also feature tactile boarding indicators, independent boarding ramps, wheelchair accessible myki barriers, hearing loops, and widened paths.[62][63]

Projects improving station accessibility have included the Level Crossing Removal Project, which involves station rebuilds and upgrades and other individual station upgrade projects.[64][65] These works have made significant strides in improving network accessibility, with more than 76% of Werribee line stations classed as fully accessible. This number is expected to grow within the coming years with the completion of level crossing removal works on the corridor by 2029.[66]

The Werribee line uses three-position signalling which is widely used across the Melbourne train network.[67] Three-position signalling was first introduced in 1927, with the final section of the line converted to the new type of signalling in 1946.[68] Past Werribee, three-position signalling continues further past Geelong.