Wami River

The Wami River is a river located in Pwani Region, Tanzania. The headwaters of the Wami and its tributaries originate in the Eastern Arc Mountains of Morogoro Region. The river then flows northeastward through of Pwani Region to empty into the Indian Ocean west of Zanzibar Island.

Not to be confused with Wamma River.
Wami River
Location
CountryTanzania
RegionPwani Region
RegionMorogoro Region
Physical characteristics
Source 
 • locationMorogoro Region
Mouth 
 • location
at Saadani in the Indian Ocean, Pwani Region, Tanzania
 • coordinates
6°7′S 38°49′E
 • elevation
0 m (0 ft)
Basin size43,946 km2 (16,968 sq mi)
Discharge 
 • average60.6 m3/s (2,140 cu ft/s)
Basin features
Tributaries 
 • leftMkata
 • rightLukigura; Mjonga; Chogoati

The Wami drains a catchment of 43,946 km².[1] The catchment extends through four ecological regions. Coastal forests extend along the Indian Ocean coast. Further inland, woodlands and seasonally-flooded grasslands cover the plains of the central catchment. These plains are bounded on the northwest by the Rubeho, Ukakuru, Nguru, and Nguu mountains, some of the Eastern Arc ranges. The Eastern Arc Mountains intercept moisture-laden winds from the Indian Ocean, and receive more rainfall than the surrounding lowlands. Most of the rainfall occurs in the November-to-May wet season, although mist and light rain occur at higher elevations during the dry season months. The mountains' windward eastern and southern faces receive more rainfall the northern and western slopes. These rains sustain montane forests as well as the Wami's tributary rivers and streams.[2] The Eastern Arc forests are important to both sustaining and moderating the rivers' flow.[3]

The seasonal Kinyasangwe River extends west of the Eastern Arc mountains to Dodoma, draining the southern portion of the semi-arid Maasai Steppe, which is in the rain shadow of the Eastern Arc Mountains.[4]

Only after leaving the Mkata River basin on the northern edge of the Mikumi National Park is its name Wami.[5]

Due to deforestation and climatic changes in the region the runoff decreased.[6]

Near its mouth the Wami River forms the southern border of the Saadani National Park, the only coastal national park in Tanzania.

Hydrometry

The river flow observed over 30 years (1954–84) in Mandera a town about 50 km above the mouth. The at Mandera observed average annual flow during this period was 60.6 m³ / s fed by an area of about 82% of the total catchment area of the River.

The average monthly flow of the river Wami hydrological station of Mandera (in m³ / s )
(Calculated using the data for a period of 30 years, 1954–84)[7]

  • Opening of Mandera Bridge
    Opening of Mandera Bridge
  • Wami River between 1906 and 1918 at Kissanke
    Wami River between 1906 and 1918 at Kissanke
  • 2012
    2012
  • Hippopotamus amphibius
    Hippopotamus amphibius

References
  1. "Wami/ruvu basin water office-Location map". wamiruvubasin.com. Archived from the original on 2012-03-22.
  2. "Eastern Arc forests". World Wildlife Fund ecoregion profile. Accessed 10 September 2019.
  3. Ngana, James, Florence Mahay, and Katharine Cross (2010). The Wami Basin: A Situation Analysis. IUCN Eastern and Southern Africa Programme, 2010. xviii + 92 pp.
  4. Ngana, James, Florence Mahay, and Katharine Cross (2010). The Wami Basin: A Situation Analysis. IUCN Eastern and Southern Africa Programme, 2010. xviii + 92 pp.
  5. A Directory of African Wetlands, p. 247, at Google Books
  6. Kalugendo, Praxeda Paul. "Impact of Climate Variability on Groundwater in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania" (PDF). Archived from the original on 2012-03-22.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  7. "A profile of the Wami River Sub-Basin" (PDF). crc.uri.edu. 2008. Retrieved 2023-06-28.
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