List of United States cities by crime rate

The following table of United States cities by crime rate is based on Federal Bureau of Investigation Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) statistics from 2019 for the 100 most populous cities in America that have reported data to the FBI UCR system.[1]

The population numbers are based on U.S. Census estimates for the year end. The number of murders includes nonnegligent manslaughter. This list is based on the reporting. In most cases, the city and the reporting agency are identical. However, in some cases such as Charlotte, Honolulu, and Las Vegas, the reporting agency has more than one municipality.

Murder is the only statistic that all agencies are required to report. Consequently, some agencies do not report all the crimes. If components are missing the total is adjusted to 0.

Note about population

Often, one obtains very different results depending on whether crime rates are measured for the city jurisdiction or the metropolitan area.[2]

Information is voluntarily submitted by each jurisdiction and some jurisdictions do not appear in the table because they either did not submit data or they did not meet deadlines.

The FBI website has this disclaimer on population estimates:

For the 2019 population estimates used in this table, the FBI computed individual rates of growth from one year to the next for every city/town and county using 2010 decennial population counts and 2011 through 2018 population estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau. Each agency’s rates of growth were averaged; that average was then applied and added to its 2018 Census population estimate to derive the agency’s 2019 population estimate.[3]

It should also be mentioned that the FBI has recently switched its data reporting mechanism and currently some major metropolitan police departments (e.g. Baltimore) have not been included in the total.

Crime rates

State City Population Yearly Crime Rates per 100,000 people
Total Violent crime Property crime Arson2
Murder and
Nonnegligent
manslaughter
Rape1 Robbery Aggravated
assault
Total Burglary Larceny-
theft
Motor
vehicle
theft
Total
 AlabamaMobile3248,431 6217.0220.1358.16177.11485.85740.251,216.843,730.21506.785,453.8322.94
 AlaskaAnchorage296,188 6640.049.12132.01262.67799.491,203.29748.173,619.661,047.985,415.8220.93
 ArizonaChandler249,355 2589.082.0152.1356.95148.68259.47314.411,866.01149.182,329.61
 ArizonaGilbert242,090 1483.752.0716.1121.0746.2685.51192.491,137.5955.761,385.8512.39
 ArizonaGlendale249,273 5037.854.8138.91192.96251.53488.22637.453,426.36466.564,530.3719.26
 ArizonaMesa492,268 2592.494.6751.1992.23267.74415.83381.501,610.91179.582,171.994.67
 ArizonaPhoenix1,608,139 4443.29.5569.46200.28481.64760.93778.572,426.69465.463,670.7111.56
 ArizonaScottsdale251,840 2338.381.9940.9039.7174.65157.24348.631,725.7097.682,172.019.13
 ArizonaTucson532,323 6082.788.6493.55268.82430.75801.77831.073,968.46452.175,251.7029.31
 CaliforniaAnaheim353,400 2997.742.8332.54135.82183.36354.56382.291,809.00439.162,630.4512.73
 CaliforniaBakersfield381,154 4618.3410.7624.14197.56246.88479.33962.082,377.78728.584,068.4370.58
 CaliforniaChula Vista271,109 1738.790.7422.87112.13162.30298.04236.07915.50280.701,432.278.48
 CaliforniaFremont236,368 2343.80.8528.7779.1173.61182.34284.731,499.78365.952,150.4611.00
 CaliforniaFresno526,371 4447.6310.6433.06182.00339.30565.00693.242,618.31529.853,841.4041.23
 CaliforniaIrvine276,115 1381.310.7216.6619.9223.9061.21227.081,019.1470.261,316.483.62
 CaliforniaLong Beach471,397 3357.254.6743.06262.41347.69657.83586.551,507.01578.922,672.4826.94
 CaliforniaLos Angeles3,898,747 3332.527.0161.27269.87423.17761.31415.961,640.99478.972,535.9235.29
 CaliforniaOakland424,915 7328.2916.2494.14629.77559.171,299.32617.064,072.581,293.205,982.8446.13
 CaliforniaRiverside328,023 3589.383.6650.61165.84288.70508.81510.032,020.89527.403,058.3222.25
 CaliforniaSacramento499,997 3654.027.8019.80220.00428.00675.60577.601,815.41543.602,936.6241.80
 CaliforniaSan Bernardino217,259 5189.6615.6572.72403.67799.051,291.09983.161,836.521,048.063,867.7330.84
 CaliforniaSan Diego1,386,932 2220.672.4639.2599.01225.89366.61268.031,214.37360.571,842.9711.09
 CaliforniaSan Francisco881,255 6917.46.3541.65365.39301.62715.00560.005,059.49548.546,168.0234.38
 CaliforniaSan Jose1,013,240 2861.023.0855.03132.62212.91403.65378.401,284.69777.622,440.7016.67
 CaliforniaSanta Ana335,699 2596.676.2656.00180.22246.05488.53276.741,223.72589.812,090.2717.87
 CaliforniaSanta Clarita216,350 1592.791.8518.4956.3985.97162.70311.53923.04189.511,424.086.01
 CaliforniaStockton4309,566 5109.0917.7749.75390.22956.821,414.56691.292,274.15661.893,627.3467.19
 ColoradoAurora368,018 3630.538.1586.68184.50329.06608.39454.051,954.80594.813,003.6618.48
 ColoradoColorado Springs472,958 3765.256.13103.39101.91312.71524.15530.282,235.08451.413,216.7824.32
 ColoradoDenver706,616 4360.938.3598.92174.35393.99675.61612.922,267.29786.853,667.0618.26
 District of ColumbiaWashington, D.C.693,972 5104.9616.7263.84338.77529.42948.74260.533,528.96366.734,156.22
 FloridaHialeah238,260 2422.142.5213.8564.64117.52198.52248.891,677.16287.502,213.5510.07
 FloridaJacksonville894,638 4168.7312.1860.14153.81405.19631.32631.092,568.64326.953,526.6810.73
 FloridaMiami463,009 4750.8911.2322.68211.23475.80720.94526.993,090.87396.324,014.1815.77
 FloridaOrlando283,982 6206.388.1064.44213.04458.48744.06840.904,125.26488.415,454.577.75
 FloridaSt. Petersburg263,712 5029.357.5851.57189.22450.11698.49671.953,269.85370.864,312.6618.20
 FloridaTampa384,360 2218.2410.1531.48105.63317.15464.41321.311,274.85147.521,743.6810.15
 GeorgiaColumbus481,343 5727.5216.4158.59293.55567.16935.72704.283,387.19684.964,776.4315.37
 GeorgiaSavannah242,941 3901.3614.4141.16156.83250.27462.66549.522,494.84386.933,431.297.41
 HawaiiHonolulu990,384 3053.773.2328.7891.68122.68246.37336.332,073.94364.102,774.3833.02
 IdahoBoise225,677 2741.970.8963.8122.60191.87279.16326.131,965.20153.322,444.6418.17
 IllinoisChicago2,746,388 4381.6518.2665.11439.26570.361,098.86477.132,358.83427.843,263.8018.99
 IndianaFort Wayne266,259 3572.4613.9051.08112.30180.28357.55491.252,488.55199.813,179.6135.30
 IndianaIndianapolis870,788 5775.2317.9176.71400.21839.131,333.961,027.232,821.47563.174,411.8729.40
 IowaDes Moines217,277 5102.712.8933.60167.53456.10670.111,099.062,734.30579.904,413.2619.33
 KansasGarden City391,084 6583.58.9597.68153.16762.501,022.29838.954,063.07633.625,535.6425.57
 KentuckyLexington322,332 4145.739.0062.05169.70110.13350.88647.472,739.72394.933,782.1312.72
 KentuckyLouisville Metro6684,362 4769.9915.9325.57193.76411.77647.03821.642,735.98564.614,122.230.73
 LouisianaBaton Rouge227,403 6693.8438.2643.97381.70562.881,026.811,418.633,739.62435.795,594.0373.00
 LouisianaNew Orleans397,447 5375.5739.50144.67329.10608.131,121.41560.833,046.19636.814,243.8410.32
 MarylandBaltimore613,217 6997.6855.7762.29958.71950.232,027.011,311.282,773.57843.264,928.1142.56
 MassachusettsBoston682,903 2758.228.3542.47205.59412.80669.20308.831,603.74176.452,089.02
 MichiganDetroit670,792 6726.8239.80103.91393.421,519.552,056.671,231.082,093.791,215.734,540.60129.55
 MinnesotaMinneapolis418,971 5768.1810.02122.68434.16534.401,101.27897.913,173.49569.974,641.3725.54
 MinnesotaSt. Paul306,696 4262.867.1770.75227.26345.62650.81741.452,144.47679.503,565.4246.63
 MissouriKansas City484,948 6309.5530.9391.76383.131,218.481,724.31960.522,670.39912.884,543.7941.45
 MissouriSt. Louis310,284 8188.3166.0793.14626.521,296.552,082.291,011.334,155.55874.366,041.2464.78
 NebraskaOmaha449,388 4527.496.9091.24139.08410.11647.32464.632,636.70778.843,880.17
 NevadaHenderson299,285 2025.173.3428.7480.1972.84185.11363.871,254.99214.181,833.047.02
 NevadaLas Vegas627,244 3567.8712.6079.64211.15315.50618.90805.171,635.16503.062,943.385.59
 NevadaParadise242,537 3405.269.0747.83232.95724.841,014.69804.001,037.37544.662,386.034.54
 NevadaReno248,531 3766.537.6457.14153.70455.07673.56541.981,967.56576.193,085.737.24
 New JerseyJersey City267,906 2330.677.8445.91199.32256.43509.51417.681,206.02183.271,806.9814.18
 New JerseyNewark283,673 3316.8427.1440.89377.19451.22896.45423.731,128.06843.222,395.0125.38
 New MexicoAlbuquerque561,375 8734.9812.4784.26521.93750.481,369.141,246.234,750.841,368.787,365.84
 New YorkBuffalo256,169 4930.3415.6155.43334.54613.661,019.25919.712,591.26325.183,836.1474.95
 New YorkNew York8,804,190 1987.493.3927.56162.42345.52538.90128.871,253.1566.561,448.59
 North Carolina8Charlotte-Mecklenburg914,609 3836.399.40220.53433.52701.502,827.00286.683,815.1821.21
 North Carolina8Raleigh269,088 3837.788.55316.63467.13867.372,675.70283.183,826.2611.52
 North Carolina8Greensboro290,051 3601.7815.86228.93480.61710.912,559.55291.673,562.1339.65
 OhioCincinnati309,317 599723.4097.62399.84426.26947.121,152.733,400.69496.465,049.88
 OhioCleveland372,624 6538.4527.77128.97699.88700.141,556.761,518.872,516.15881.014,916.0465.65
 OhioColumbus905,748 4501.816.28105.37225.06166.70513.41815.292,650.87478.793,944.9443.45
 OhioToledo4,5,7270,871 4003.7412.63281.47661.821,119.752,615.15268.844,003.74
 OklahomaOklahoma City648,260 4552.512.4973.12172.77528.95787.34941.752,378.83431.933,752.5112.65
 OklahomaTulsa404,868 6532.0117.29104.48238.10680.961,040.831,376.753,224.26854.605,455.6135.57
 OregonPortland610,343 6239.993.7067.45160.92283.64515.70729.133,824.561,123.335,677.0247.27
 PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia1,603,797 4037.2720.0675.02382.46470.04947.58418.252,297.23348.003,063.4826.21
 PennsylvaniaPittsburgh305,932 3815.2317.9829.42262.15346.81656.36526.262,365.89222.273,114.4244.45
 TennesseeMemphis652,765 8357.0727.7390.38529.591,355.622,003.321,460.254,224.49613.086,297.8355.92
 TennesseeNashville674,942 4966.516.3072.90303.14745.841,138.17631.312,806.61380.033,817.9610.37
 TexasArlington4397,377 3721.914.7863.92144.95303.24516.89453.222,402.25342.243,197.727.30
 TexasAustin971,949 3612.232.5785.81101.55224.91414.84450.642,525.03213.903,189.577.82
 TexasCorpus Christi329,256 4285.116.3870.46142.75482.91702.49677.892,665.40222.023,565.3117.31
 TexasDallas1,304,379 3985.9512.4862.08327.00373.09774.64737.661,856.26591.163,185.0926.22
 TexasEl Paso688,667 2203.252.7653.8758.08264.13378.85188.331,514.37116.171,818.885.52
 TexasFort Worth873,069 3792.838.0265.17147.30339.72560.21585.982,319.40309.943,215.3217.30
 TexasAllen236,243 3355.443.3954.60135.03123.60316.62513.882,175.73342.873,032.476.35
 TexasHouston2,304,580 5252.0811.5058.42417.96607.341,095.23731.662,900.82495.934,128.4128.44
 TexasFrisco242,062 2775.733.3022.3194.19107.00226.80400.311,845.39293.732,539.439.50
 TexasLaredo260,669 2832.713.8443.7359.08215.22321.86335.292,083.1065.222,483.6127.24
 TexasDenton290,413 1892.145.1727.8940.9875.75149.79250.681,366.33116.731,733.748.61
 TexasSan Antonio 1,434,625 5565.958.1583.51151.11464.72707.50770.823,622.65451.374,844.8413.61
 VirginiaChesapeake240,119 2699.54.5836.2382.46295.69418.96276.111,891.98104.122,272.218.33
 VirginiaNorfolk245,190 4308.0914.6855.06151.31334.84555.90471.472,984.62292.833,748.933.26
 VirginiaVirginia Beach454,353 2083.43.0822.4559.8752.16137.56165.951,667.65101.021,934.6211.22
 WashingtonSeattle721,365 5911.993.7436.87210.02382.05632.691,081.983,673.45503.215,258.6420.66
 WashingtonVancouver217,066 7881.012.76109.64105.50408.63626.541,023.195,408.03800.227,231.4423.03
 WisconsinMadison255,850 3040.464.3037.1382.86250.15374.44362.322,130.94168.852,662.113.91
 WisconsinMilwaukee595,168 5441.9919.8372.92490.451,014.171,597.36927.131,940.29924.613,792.0452.59

Notes:

1 The figures are shown in this column for the offense of rape were reported using only the revised Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) definition of rape. See the data declaration for further explanation.
2 The FBI does not publish arson data unless it receives it from either the agency or the state for all 12 months of the calendar year.
3 The population of the city of Mobile, Alabama, includes 55,819 inhabitants from the jurisdiction of the Mobile County Sheriff's Department.
4 Because of changes in the state/ or local agency's reporting practices, figures are not comparable to previous years' data.
5 The FBI determined that the agency's data were underreported. Consequently, those data are not included in this table.
6 Arson offenses are also reported by the Louisville Fire Department. Those figures are not included in this table.
7 Arson offenses are reported by the Toledo Fire Department; therefore, those figures are not included in this report.
8 This agency/state submits rape data classified according to the legacy UCR definition; therefore, the rape offense and violent crime total, which rape is a part of, is not included in this table. See the data declaration for further explanation.

Criticism of ranking crime data

The FBI web site recommends against using its data for ranking because these rankings lead to simplistic and/or incomplete analyses that often create misleading perceptions adversely affecting cities and counties, along with their residents.[4] The FBI web site also recommends against using its data to judge how effective law enforcement agencies are, since there are many factors other than law enforcement that influence crime rates.[5]

In November 2007, the executive board of the American Society of Criminology (ASC) went further than the FBI itself, and approved a resolution opposing not only the use of the ratings to judge police departments, but also any development of city crime rankings from FBI Uniform Crime Reports (UCRs) at all. The resolution opposed these rankings on the grounds that they "fail to account for the many conditions affecting crime rates" and "divert attention from the individual and community characteristics that elevate crime in all cities", though it did not provide sources or further elaborate on these claims. The resolution states the rankings "represent an irresponsible misuse of the data and do groundless harm to many communities" and "work against a key goal of our society, which is a better understanding of crime-related issues by both scientists and the public".[6]

The U.S. Conference of Mayors passed a similar statement, which also committed the Conference to working with the FBI and the U.S. Department of Justice "to educate reporters, elected officials, and citizens on what the (UCR data means and doesn't mean."[6]

Criticism of comparing crime rates

Crime rates per capita might also be biased by population size depending on the crime type.[7] This misrepresentation occurs because rates per capita assume that crime increases at the same pace as the number of people in an area.[8] When this linear assumption does not hold, rates per capita still have population effects. In these nonlinear cases, per capita rates can inflate or deflate the representation of crime in cities, introducing an artifactual bias into rankings. Therefore, it is necessary to test for linearity before comparing crime rates of cities of different sizes.[7]

See also

References

  1. "Offenses Known to Law Enforcement by State by City, 2019". FBI. Retrieved February 16, 2019.
  2. "Crime Rankings 2011-2012". CQ Press.
  3. "Table 08, Data Declaration - Crime in the United States 2019". Fbi.gov. Retrieved April 18, 2022.
  4. "Caution Against Ranking". FBI. Retrieved August 8, 2012.
  5. "A Word About UCR Data". FBI. Archived from the original on September 23, 2010. Retrieved October 12, 2010.
  6. Criminologists Condemn City crime rankings (November 16, 2008).PRNewswire. Retrieved January 13, 2008.
  7. Oliveira, M. (2021). "More crime in cities? On the scaling laws of crime and the inadequacy of per capita rankings—a cross-country study". Crime Science. 10: 27. doi:10.1186/s40163-021-00155-8.
  8. Boivin, R. (2013). "On the use of crime rates". Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice. 55 (2): 263–277. doi:10.3138/cjccj.2012-E-06. S2CID 144956317.
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