Trioceros
Trioceros is a genus of lizards in the family Chamaeleonidae, native to the African mainland (not in Madagascar). Trioceros was considered a subgenus of the genus Chamaeleo until 2009, when it was elevated to full genus level. As of 2021, Trioceros wolfgangboehmei is the most recently scientifically described species in this genus.
Trioceros | |
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Jackson's three-horned chameleon (Trioceros jacksonii ) | |
Scientific classification ![]() | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Reptilia |
Order: | Squamata |
Suborder: | Iguania |
Family: | Chamaeleonidae |
Subfamily: | Chamaeleoninae |
Genus: | Trioceros Swainson, 1839 |
Type species | |
Chamaeleo oweni |
Species and subspecies
The following species and subspecies are recognized as being valid.[2]
Image | Name | Common Name | Subspecies | Distribution |
---|---|---|---|---|
Trioceros affinis (Rüppell, 1845) | beardless Ethiopian montane chameleon, Rüppell's desert chameleon | Ethiopia. | ||
![]() | Trioceros balebicornutus (Tilbury, 1998) | Bale two-horned chameleon | Ethiopia. | |
![]() | Trioceros bitaeniatus (Fischer, 1884) | side-striped chameleon, two-lined chameleon | Ethiopia, southern Sudan, Somalia, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, and the northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. | |
![]() | Trioceros camerunensis (L. Müller, 1909) | Cameroon dwarf chameleon | Cameroon. | |
Trioceros chapini (de Witte, 1964) | Chapin's chameleon,[3] grey chameleon | Gabon and Democratic Republic of the Congo. | ||
Trioceros conirostratus (Tilbury, 1998) | South Sudanese unicorn chameleon | South Sudan and Uganda. | ||
![]() | Trioceros cristatus (Stutchbury, 1837) | crested chameleon, fringed chameleon | Bioko, Equatorial Guinea, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Nigeria, Ghana, and Togo. | |
![]() | Trioceros deremensis (Matschie, 1892) | Usambara giant three-horned chameleon, wavy chameleon | East Usambara, Uluguru, Nguu and Nguru Mountains, and Udzungwa Mountains. | |
![]() | Trioceros ellioti (Günther, 1895) | Elliot's chameleon,[4] montane side-striped chameleon, Elliot's groove-throated chameleon | Burundi, Kenya, South Sudan, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, and Democratic Republic of the Congo. | |
Trioceros feae (Boulenger, 1906) | Bioko hornless chameleon, Bioko montane chameleon, Fea's chameleon | Bioko. | ||
Trioceros fuelleborni (Tornier, 1900) | (named after Friedrich Fülleborn),[5] flapjack chameleon, Ngosi Volcano chameleon, Poroto three-horned chameleon, mountain three-horned chameleon | Tanzania | ||
Trioceros goetzei (Tornier, 1899) | Goetze's chameleon,[6] Ilolo chameleon, Goetze's whistling chameleon |
|
Tanzania and Malawi. | |
Trioceros hanangensis Krause & Böhme, 2010 | Mount Hanang montane dwarf chameleon, Mount Hanang chameleon | Tanzania | ||
Trioceros harennae (Largen, 1995) | Harenna hornless chameleon | Ethiopia | ||
![]() | Trioceros hoehnelii (Steindachner, 1891) | helmeted chameleon, high-casqued chameleon, von Höhnel's chameleon[8] | Kenya and Uganda | |
Trioceros incornutus (Loveridge, 1932) | Ukinga hornless chameleon | Tanzania | ||
Trioceros ituriensis (K.P. Schmidt, 1919) | Ituri forest chameleon | Democratic Republic of the Congo and Kenya. | ||
![]() | Trioceros jacksonii (Boulenger, 1896) | Jackson's chameleon[9] |
|
south-central Kenya and northern Tanzania. |
![]() | Trioceros johnstoni (Boulenger, 1901) | Johnston's chameleon,[10] Johnston's three-horned chameleon, Ruwenzori three-horned chameleon | Democratic Republic of the Congo, Burundi, Rwanda, and Uganda | |
Trioceros kinangopensis Stipala et al., 2012 | Aberdare Mountains dwarf chameleon | Kenya. | ||
Trioceros kinetensis (K.P. Schmidt, 1943) | Mount Kineti montane dwarf chameleon, Mount Kineti chameleon | South Sudan. | ||
Trioceros laterispinis (Loveridge, 1932) | spiny-flanked chameleon | United Republic of Tanzania, East Africa. | ||
Trioceros marsabitensis (Tilbury, 1991) | Marsabit one-horned chameleon, Mt. Marsabit chameleon, Tilbury's chameleon | Kenya. | ||
![]() | Trioceros melleri (Gray, 1865) | giant one-horned chameleon, Meller's chameleon,[11] Meller's giant one-horned chameleon | Malawi, northern Mozambique, and Tanzania | |
![]() | Trioceros montium (Buchholz, 1874) | Cameroon sailfin chameleon | Cameroon. | |
Trioceros narraioca (Nečas, Modrý & Šlapeta, 2003) | Mount Kulal chameleon or Mount Kulal stump-nosed chameleon | Kenya | ||
Trioceros ntunte (Nečas, Modry & Slapeta, 2005) | Mount Nyiru chameleon, Nyiru montane dwarf chameleon | Kenya | ||
Trioceros nyirit Stipala et al., 2011 | Mount Mtelo stump-nosed chameleon, Pokot chameleon | Kenya | ||
![]() | Trioceros oweni (Gray, 1831) | Owen's chameleon[12] | Nigeria in the north, to Angola in the south, and Burundi in the east | |
Trioceros perreti (Klaver & Böhme, 1992) | Perret's chameleon,[13] Perret's montane chameleon | Cameroon. | ||
![]() | Trioceros pfefferi (Tornier, 1900) | Pfeffer's two-horned chameleon,[14] Pfeffer's chameleon, Bakossi two-horned chameleon | Cameroon. | |
![]() | Trioceros quadricornis (Tornier, 1899) | four-horned chameleon |
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western Cameroon and southeastern Nigeria. |
![]() | Trioceros rudis (Boulenger, 1906) | coarse chameleon, rough chameleon, Ruwenzori side-striped chameleon, Rwenzori bearded montane dwarf chameleon | western Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, and eastern DR Congo | |
Trioceros schoutedeni (Laurent, 1952) | Schouteden's montane dwarf chameleon[15] | Rwanda and Democratic Republic of the Congo. | ||
Trioceros schubotzi (Sternfeld, 1912) | Mount Kenya montane dwarf chameleon, Mount Kenya side-striped chameleon, Schubotz's chameleon[16] | Kenya | ||
Trioceros serratus (Mertens, 1922) | Cameroon | |||
Trioceros sternfeldi (Rand, 1963) | (named after Richard Sternfeld),[17] Crater Highlands side-striped chameleon, Tanzanian montane dwarf chameleon | Tanzania | ||
![]() | Trioceros tempeli (Tornier, 1899) | Tanzania mountain chameleon, Tempel's chameleon,[18] Udzungwa double-bearded chameleon | Tanzania | |
![]() | Trioceros werneri (Tornier, 1899) | Werner's chameleon,[19] Wemer's chameleon, Wemer's three-horned chameleon | Tanzania | |
![]() | Trioceros wiedersheimi (Nieden, 1910) | Mount Lefo chameleon, Wiedersheim's chameleon[20] | Cameroon and Nigeria | |
![]() | Trioceros wolfgangboehmei Koppetsch, Nečas & Wipfler, 2021 | Ethiopia. | ||
Nota bene: In the above list, a binomial authority or trinomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species or subspecies was originally described in a genus other than Trioceros.
Footnotes
- Trioceros oweni at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database. Accessed 17 May 2022.
- Trioceros at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database
- Beolens et al., p. 51.
- Beolens et al., p. 82.
- Beolens et al., p.95.
- Beolens et al., p. 103.
- Beolens et al., p. 90.
- Beolens et al., p. 124.
- Beolens et al., p. 132.
- Beolens et al., p. 135.
- Beolens et al., p. 175.
- Beolens et al., p. 198.
- Beolens et al., p. 203.
- Beolens et al., p. 205,
- Beolens et al., p. 237.
- Beolens et al., p. 238.
- Beolens et al., 253.
- Beolens et al., p. 263.
- Beolens et al., p. 282.
- Beolens et al., p. 285.
References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Trioceros.
- Boelens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5.
- Tilbury, C.R., & Tolley, K.A. (2009). "A re-appraisal of the systematics of the African genus Chamaeleo (Reptilia: Chamaeleonidae)". Zootaxa 2079: 57–68.
- Swainson, W. (1839). The Natural History of Fishes, Amphibians, & Reptiles, or Monocardian Animals. Vol. II. London: Longman, Orme, Brown, Green & Longmans; John Taylor. (A. Spottiswoode, printer). 452 pp. (Trioceros, new genus, p. 369).
External links
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